Wazir Khan (Lahore)
Wazir Khan | |
|---|---|
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| Grand Vizier | |
| In office 1627–1628 | |
| Preceded by | Abu"l-Hasan Asaf Khan |
| Succeeded by | Azam Khan |
| Governor of Agra | |
| In office 1628 – 1631; 1640–1641 | |
| Preceded by | Qasim Khan |
| Succeeded by | Islam Khan |
| Governor of Lahore | |
| In office 1631–1639 | |
| Preceded by | Abu"l-Hasan Asaf Khan |
| Succeeded by | Ali Mardan Khan |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Shaikh Ilam-ud-din Ansari c. 1560 Chiniot, Lahore Subah, Mughal Empire |
| Died | 1641 (aged 80–81) Agra, Agra Subah, Mughal Empire |
| Occupation | Subahdar |
Hakeem Shaikh Ilam-ud-din Ansari (died 1641),[1] known by his royal title Wazir Khan, was a Mughal administrator who was the Subahdar of Subah of Lahore during 1631–1639. He was also appointed twice the governor of Agra Subah and held the office of Grand Vizier for a brief period after the accession of Shah Jahan in 1627/1628.[2]
Career
[edit]Wazir Khan was born in a family hailing from the city of Chiniot in the Lahore Subah.[3] He was a Punjabi.[4] During his prime, he showcased prowess in the field of medicine, garnering recognition under the patronage of Prince Shah Jahan. His adeptness in medical practice, coupled with a discerning comprehension of the temperament of the Prince, led to his appointment as Superintendent of the Camp Court, a position he earned graciously. Notable for his judicious resolutions of conflicts and unwavering integrity, he secured a notable standing in the Prince"s regard. His contributions during the campaign against the Rana, notably as the Divan-i-Buyutat, were invaluable, earning him significant promotion within the ranks. During the Prince"s stay at Junair, Wazir Khan ascended to the prestigious position of the Divan, marking a significant elevation in his status. At that juncture, only Mahabat Khan held a higher rank among the Prince"s retinue.[5] He was later given a command of 7000.[6] He remained Chief Qadi at Lahore for some time.[7]
From 1628 to 1631 he served as the governor of Agra after which he was appointed as the governor of Lahore. He held this post until approximately 1640/1641, when he was reappointed as governor of Agra, but died of colic after only ten months.[1]
Sikh Accounts
[edit]According to Sikh texts and tradition Wazir Khan was a supporter of the Sikh community and even a Sikh himself. Sikh tradition says he had been an admirer of Guru Arjan because of the prayer Sukhmani Sahib which is said to have given him relief. After which he had become a Sikh.[8] Thus when Guru Arjan was to be executed by the Mughal Emperor he did everything he could to save the Guru, but it was in vain. During the time of Guru Hargobind Wazir Khan kept his support of the Guru. When the Guru was arrested by the emperor Shah Jahan, Wazir Khan begged for the Guru"s release.[9][10] After the first battle between the Sikh and the Mughals Khan convinced Shah Jahan that there wasn"t value in taking further action against the Guru. He said, "Sire, the Guru is not a rebel and hath no design on thine empire. He hath ever been the support of the state... Is it not a mircale that with not fully seven hundred men he destroyed an army of seven thousand." Hearing this the emperor was convinced to take no further action against the Guru.[11]
Legacy
[edit]-
Wazir Khan of Lahore, known for building the Wazir Khan Masjid -
Central dome of the Wazir Khan Hammam -
The baths" cold chamber in the Wazir Khan Hammam is elaborately decorated with frescoes. -
Garden of Wazir Khan, Agra artist, c. 1830
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In Lahore, he undertook extensive construction projects, including the establishment of baths, markets, and various other edifices. In Chiniot, he erected a formidable brick fort alongside other notable structures, generously gifting them to the local populace. His benevolent actions extended to infrastructure development, as he constructed roads, streets, shops, mosques, rest-houses, a school, a hospital, and wells for public use, alleviating the burdens of everyday life for the citizens. Regrettably, he never had the chance to revisit his cherished birthplace, a longing that remained unfulfilled throughout his life. Described as a man of quiet demeanor and steadfast temperament, he led a modest existence, eschewing extravagance in both personal and domestic matters. His frugality extended to household expenses and attire, reflecting his humility and dedication to serving his people.[5]
The title of "Wazir Khan" by which he is remembered by posterity was granted him by Shah Jahan, and literally means a "Wazir", or Vizier, a "Minister/High Court Official".
Alimuddin Wazir Khan was also responsible for the construction of the Shahi Hammam in Lahore, also known as the Wazir Khan Hammam.[12] Wazir Khan was also one of the nobles to build a Haveli (mansion) as well as a garden in the city of Agra, where he was twice governor.[13] It is known as the Bagh-i-Wazir Khan.[14]
References
[edit]- ^ a b Koch, Ebba; Barraud, Richard André (2006). The complete Taj Mahal : and the riverfront gardens of Agra. London: Thames & Hudson. p. 45. ISBN 978-0-500-34209-1. OCLC 69022179.
- ^ Khan, Muhammad Afzal (1987). "Iranians and the Major Offices in the Mughal Empire". Iranian Nobility Under Shah Jahan and Aurangzeb (Thesis). Aligarh Muslim University. p. 130.
- ^ Talbot, Ian; Kamran, Tahir (15 February 2022). Colonial Lahore: A History of the City and Beyond. Oxford University Press. p. 30. ISBN 978-0-19-765863-8.
Wazir Khan Mosque inside Delhi Gate was built by the Punjab governor Wazir Khan in 1631. His family originated from Chiniot in the Jhang district and he had risen to the top of the Mughal service class.
- ^ Wheeler, Sir Mortimer (1955). "Chapter II: The Archaeology Of Pakistan". In Ikram, Sheikh Muhamad; Spear, Thomas George Percival (eds.). The Cultural Heritage of Pakistan. Oxford University Press. p. 28. OCLC 574940275.
Chief amongst them is perhaps the mosque of Wazir Khan, built in A.D. 1634 by one of Shah Jahan"s Punjabi ministers.
- ^ a b Awrangābādī, Shāhnavāz Khān (1979). The Maāt̲h̲ir-ul-umarā: Being Biographies of the Muḥammadan and Hindu Officers of the Timurid Sovereigns of India from 1500 to about 1780 A.D. Janaki Prakashan.
- ^ Latif, Syad Muhammad (1892). Lahore: Its History, Architectural Remains and Antiquities: With an Account of Its Modern Institutions, Inhabitants, Their Trade, Customs, &c. from:Oxford University.
- ^ Dr A. M. K. Islahi (1997), Puranay Lahore Ki Tareekh, Eik Jaeza (in Urdu), Lahore: Chand Publishers Anarkali. p.128
- ^ Macauliffe, Max (2015). The Sikh Religion Its Gurus, Sacred Writings And Authors Vol. 4. Creative Media Partners. p. 11. ISBN 978-0344857065.
- ^ Macauliffe, Max (2015). The Sikh Religion Its Gurus, Sacred Writings And Authors Vol.4. Creative Media Partners, LLC. p. 26. ISBN 978-0344857065.
- ^ The Life and Teachings of Guru Hargobind. Singh Brothera. pp. 21–27.21-27&rft.pub=Singh+Brothera&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Wazir+Khan+(Lahore)" class="Z3988">
- ^ Macauliffe, Max (2015). The Sikh Religion Its Gurus, Sacred Writings And Authors Vol. 4. Creative Media Partners. p. 96. ISBN 978-0344857065.
- ^ "South Asian Studies". Journal of the Society for South Asian Studies (Incorporating the Society for Afghan Studies). 9–11. The Society: 16. 1993 – via University of Michigan.
- ^ André Raymond; Attilio Petruccioli; Renata Holod; Salma Khadra Jayyusi (2008). The City in the Islamic World:Part 1. Brill. p. 585. ISBN 978-9004162402.
- ^ André Raymond; Attilio Petruccioli; Renata Holod; Salma Khadra Jayyusi (30 June 2008). The City in the Islamic World (2 Vols.). Brill. p. 573. ISBN 9789047442653.
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