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Watkins Abbitt

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Watkins M. Abbitt
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from Virginia's 4th district
In office
February 17, 1948 – January 3, 1973
Preceded byPatrick H. Drewry
Succeeded byRobert Daniel
Personal details
Born
Watkins Moorman Abbitt

(1908-05-21)May 21, 1908
Lynchburg, Virginia, U.S.
DiedJuly 13, 1998(1998-07-13) (aged 90)
Lynchburg, Virginia, U.S.
Resting placeAppomattox, Virginia, U.S.
Political partyDemocratic
Spouse(s)Corinne Hancock (d. 1989)
Mary Ann Schmidt
ChildrenWatkins Abbitt Jr., Anne Abbitt Kerr, Corinne Abbitt Hynes
Alma materUniversity of Richmond (LLB)
ProfessionLawyer, Banker, Politician
Watkins M. Abbitt Sr. Memorial Park in Appomattox, Virginia

Watkins "Wat" Moorman Abbitt (May 21, 1908 – July 13, 1998) was an American politician and lawyer. He was a member of the United States House of Representatives from Virginia from February 17, 1948 to January 3, 1973. He was a top lieutenant within the Byrd Organization, the political machine named for its leader, U.S. Senator Harry F. Byrd.

Early and family life

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Abbitt was born in Lynchburg, Virginia to George Francis Abbitt and Otway C. Moorman Abbitt. He graduated from Appomattox Agricultural High School in Appomattox, Virginia in 1925. He earned an LL.B. from the University of Richmond in 1931 and began the practice of law in Appomattox.[1] He married Corinne Hancock on March 20, 1937, and they had a son and two daughters who survived infancy.

Career

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Upon admission to the Virginia bar, Abbitt had a private legal practice, and was also a bank executive. In 1931 he was elected Commonwealth's attorney for Appomattox County and served from 1932 to 1948. He also was elected member of the Virginia Constitutional Convention in 1945.[2]

Congress

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When U.S. Representative Patrick H. Drewry died in office, Abbit won the special election to fill the vacancy. A Democrat, Abbitt won a full term later that year and 11 more times after that (February 17, 1948 – January 3, 1973).[3] He was a member of the agriculture committee, and supported farm subsidies as well as fiscal conservatism and opposed increased federal intervention in state affairs. Abbitt became known for his opposition to school desegregation in the 1950s, supporting Massive Resistance alongside other Byrd Democrats. For instance, he denounced Brown v. Board of Education as "the naked and arrogant declaration of nine men."[4] Abbitt signed the Southern Manifesto[5] in 1956. Abbitt voted against the Civil Rights Acts of 1957,[6] 1960,[7] 1964,[8] and 1968[9] as well as the 24th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution[10] and the Voting Rights Act of 1965.[11] He was a delegate to the 1964 Democratic National Convention, and chairman of the state Democratic party from 1964-1970.

Abbitt announced his retirement after being redistricted into the same congressional district as fellow Democrat Dan Daniel, and Republican Robert Daniel won the seat in a 5-candidate general election field, becoming the first Republican to represent Southside Virginia in the century.[12]

Endorsement of Douglas Wilder

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Having long since recanted his segregationist views, Abbitt endorsed L. Douglas Wilder, who became Virginia's first black governor in 1989. According to his son, state delegate Watkins Abbitt Jr., he and his sisters played a role in his father's change of heart. Watkins Jr. noted that in his later years, his father always worked for free for any black church that needed legal services, and a black minister spoke at the funeral.[4]

Death and legacy

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Abbitt was married twice. His first wife of 52 years, Corinne, died in 1989 and Abbitt later married Mary Ann Schmidt who survived him when he died from leukemia in Lynchburg, Virginia on July 13, 1998. He maintained an active law practice as late as a week before his death.[4] A park in Appomattox, Virginia is named for him.

His son, Watkins Abbitt Jr.,[13] served as a member of the Virginia House of Delegates from 1986 to 2012.[14]

Elections

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  • 1948; Abbitt was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in a special election unopposed and was re-elected in the general election unopposed.
  • 1950; Abbitt was re-elected unopposed.
  • 1952; Abbitt was re-elected unopposed.
  • 1954; Abbitt was re-elected unopposed.
  • 1956; Abbitt was re-elected unopposed.
  • 1958; Abbitt was re-elected with 87.15% of the vote, defeating Independent Frank M. McCann.
  • 1960; Abbitt was re-elected unopposed.
  • 1962; Abbitt was re-elected unopposed.
  • 1964; Abbitt was re-elected after tying Independent Samuel W. Tucker in the general election.
  • 1966; Abbitt was re-elected with 75.3% of the vote, defeating Independent Edward J. Silverman.
  • 1968; Abbitt was re-elected with 71.52% of the vote, defeating now-Republican Samuel W. Tucker.
  • 1970; Abbitt was re-elected with 61.02% of the vote, defeating Independent Ben Ragsdale and Republican James M. Helms.

References

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  1. ^ "Watkins M. Abbitt". NNDB. Retrieved November 4, 2012.
  2. ^ "ABBITT, Watkins Moorman, (1908 - 1998)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved November 4, 2012.
  3. ^ "Rep. Watkins Abbitt". govtrack.us. Retrieved November 4, 2012.
  4. ^ a b c Janofsky, Michael (15 July 1998). "W. M. Abbitt, 90, Lawmaker Who Advocated Segregation". The New York Times.
  5. ^ "Southern Manifesto" (PDF). Congressional Record - Senate: 4459–4461.
  6. ^ "HR 6127. CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1957. -- House Vote #42 -- Jun 18, 1957". GovTrack.us. Retrieved 2024-01-12.
  7. ^ "HR 8601. CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1960. APPROVAL BY THE … -- House Vote #106 -- Apr 21, 1960". GovTrack.us. Retrieved 2024-01-12.
  8. ^ "H.R. 7152. CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1964. ADOPTION OF A … -- House Vote #182 -- Jul 2, 1964". GovTrack.us. Retrieved 2024-01-12.
  9. ^ "TO PASS H.R. 2516, A BILL TO ESTABLISH PENALTIES FOR … -- House Vote #113 -- Aug 16, 1967". GovTrack.us. Retrieved 2024-01-12.
  10. ^ "S.J. RES. 29. CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENT TO BAN THE USE OF … -- House Vote #193 -- Aug 27, 1962". GovTrack.us. Retrieved 2024-01-12.
  11. ^ "TO AGREE TO CONFERENCE REPORT ON S. 1564, THE VOTING … -- House Vote #107 -- Aug 3, 1965". GovTrack.us. Retrieved 2024-01-12.
  12. ^ John T. Whelen, Virginia's Post World War II Paths to Congress," University of Virginia Newsletter February 1992 at p. 7, available at http://www.coopercenter.org/sites/default/files/autoVANLPubs/Virginia News Letter 1992 Vol. 68 No. 2.pdf
  13. ^ "Abbitt, Abbitt, Watkins Moorman Jr. (b. 1944)". The Political Graveyard. Retrieved November 4, 2012.
  14. ^ "Abbitt, Watkins Moorman Jr. (b. 1944)". The Political Graveyard. Retrieved November 4, 2012.
[edit]
U.S. House of Representatives
Preceded by Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from Virginia's 4th congressional district
1948–1973 		Succeeded by
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