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Voiceless uvular trill

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Voiceless uvular trill
ʀ̥
IPA number123 402A
Audio sample
Encoding
X-SAMPAR\_0
Voiceless uvular fricative trill
ʀ̝̊
Audio sample

The voiceless uvular trill is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. It is less common than its voiced counterpart. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨ʀ̥⟩, a small capital version of the Latin letter r with a voiceless diacritic.

Features

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Features of the voiceless uvular trill:

  • Its manner of articulation is trill, which means it is produced by directing air over an articulator so that it vibrates.
  • Its place of articulation is uvular, which means it is articulated with the back of the tongue (the dorsum) at the uvula.
  • Its phonation is voiceless, which means it is produced without vibrations of the vocal cords. In some languages the vocal cords are actively separated, so it is always voiceless; in others the cords are lax, so that it may take on the voicing of adjacent sounds.
  • It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth only.
  • It is a central consonant, which means it is produced by directing the airstream along the center of the tongue, rather than to the sides.
  • Its airstream mechanism is pulmonic, which means it is articulated by pushing air solely with the intercostal muscles and abdominal muscles, as in most sounds.

Occurrence

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Language Word IPA Meaning Notes
Baïnounk Gubëeher Some speakers[1] [example needed] Word-final allophone of /ɾ/.
French Belgian[2] triste [t̪ʀ̥is̪t̪œ] "sad" Allophone of /ʁ/ after voiceless consonants; can be a fricative [χ] instead.[2] See French phonology
German Standard[3] treten [ˈtʀ̥eːtn̩] "to step" Possible allophone of /r/ after voiceless consonants for speakers that realize /r/ as a uvular trill [ʀ].[3] See Standard German phonology
Chemnitz dialect[4] Rock [ʀ̥ɔkʰ] "skirt" In free variation with [ʁ̞], [ʁ], [χ] and [q]. Does not occur in the coda.[4]
Limburgish Hasselt dialect[5] geer [ɣeːʀ̥] "odour" Possible word-final allophone of /ʀ/; may be alveolar [r̥] instead.[6] See Hasselt dialect phonology
Spanish Ponce dialect[7][full citation needed] perro [ˈpe̞ʀ̥o̞] "dog" This and [χ] are the primary realizations of /r/ in this dialect.[7] See Spanish phonology
Central and northern Spain[8] ojo [ˈo̞ʀ̥o̞] "eye" This and [χ] are the primary realizations of /x/ in this dialect.[8]

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ Cobbinah (2013), p. 166.
  2. ^ a b Demolin (2001), pp. 65, 67–68, 70–71.
  3. ^ a b Krech et al. (2009), p. 86.
  4. ^ a b Khan & Weise (2013), p. 235.
  5. ^ Peters (2006).
  6. ^ While Peters (2006) does not state that explicitly, he uses the symbol ⟨r̥⟩ for many instances of the word-final /r/.
  7. ^ a b "The Spanish of Ponce, Puerto Rico: A phonetic, phonological, and intonational analysis". October 2010. Archived from the original on 2014-05-24. Retrieved 2023-09-07.
  8. ^ a b "About Us | Voices of the Hispanic World". dialectos.osu.edu. Retrieved 2024-05-15.

References

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  • Cobbinah, Alexander Yao (2013), Nominal classification and verbal nouns in Baïnounk Gubëeher (PDF), University of London
  • Demolin, Didier (2001). "Some phonetic and phonological observations concerning /ʀ/ in Belgian French". In van de Velde, Hans; van Hout, Roeland (eds.). "r-atics. Brussels: Etudes & Travaux. pp. 61–73. ISSN 0777-3692./ʀ/+in+Belgian+French&rft.btitle='r-atics&rft.place=Brussels&rft.pages=61-73&rft.pub=Etudes+&+Travaux&rft.date=2001&rft.issn=0777-3692&rft.aulast=Demolin&rft.aufirst=Didier&rft_id=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/254818745&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Voiceless+uvular+trill" class="Z3988"> {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help)
  • Khan, Sameer ud Dowla; Weise, Constanze (2013), "Upper Saxon (Chemnitz dialect)" (PDF), Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 43 (2): 231–241, doi:10.1017/S0025100313000145231-241&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info:doi/10.1017/S0025100313000145&rft.aulast=Khan&rft.aufirst=Sameer+ud+Dowla&rft.au=Weise,+Constanze&rft_id=http://academic.reed.edu/linguistics/khan/assets/Khan%20Weise%202013%20Upper%20Saxon%20Chemnitz%20dialect.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Voiceless+uvular+trill" class="Z3988">
  • Krech, Eva Maria; Stock, Eberhard; Hirschfeld, Ursula; Anders, Lutz-Christian (2009), Deutsches Aussprachewörterbuch, Berlin, New York: Walter de Gruyter, ISBN 978-3-11-018202-6
  • Peters, Jörg (2006), "The dialect of Hasselt", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 36 (1): 117–124, doi:10.1017/S0025100306002428117-124&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info:doi/10.1017/S0025100306002428&rft.aulast=Peters&rft.aufirst=Jörg&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Voiceless+uvular+trill" class="Z3988">
  • Verhoeven, Jo (2005), "Belgian Standard Dutch", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 35 (2): 243–247, doi:10.1017/S0025100305002173243-247&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info:doi/10.1017/S0025100305002173&rft.aulast=Verhoeven&rft.aufirst=Jo&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Voiceless+uvular+trill" class="Z3988">
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