User:Yhynerson1/ECS
| Oxidant | ⇌ | Reductant | Voltage |
| Sr e− | ⇌ | Sr | −4.10 |
| Ca e− | ⇌ | Ca | −3.8 |
| Pr3 e− | ⇌ | Pr2 | −3.1 |
| 3 N2(g) 2 H 2 e− | ⇌ | 2HN3(aq) | −3.09 |
| Li e− | ⇌ | Li(s) | −3.0401 |
| N2(g) 4H2O 2 e− | ⇌ | 2 NH2OH(aq) 2 OH− | −3.04 |
| Cs e− | ⇌ | Cs(s) | −3.026 |
| Ca(OH)2 2 e− | ⇌ | Ca 2 OH− | −3.02 |
| Er3 e− | ⇌ | Er2 | −3.0 |
| Ba(OH)2 2 e− | ⇌ | Ba 2 OH− | −2.99 |
| Rb e− | ⇌ | Rb(s) | −2.98 |
| K e− | ⇌ | K(s) | −2.931 |
| Ba2 2 e− | ⇌ | Ba(s) | −2.912 |
| La(OH)3(s) 3 e− | ⇌ | La(s) 3 OH− | −2.90 |
| Fr e− | ⇌ | Fr | −2.9 |
| Sr2 2 e− | ⇌ | Sr(s) | −2.899 |
| Sr(OH)2 2 e− | ⇌ | Sr 2 OH− | −2.88 |
| Ca2 2 e− | ⇌ | Ca(s) | −2.868 |
| Eu2 2 e− | ⇌ | Eu(s) | −2.812 |
| Ra2 2 e− | ⇌ | Ra(s) | −2.8 |
| Ho3 e− | ⇌ | Ho2 | −2.8 |
| Bk3 e− | ⇌ | Bk2 | −2.8 |
| Yb2 2 e− | ⇌ | Yb | −2.76 |
| Na e− | ⇌ | Na(s) | −2.71 |
| Mg e− | ⇌ | Mg | −2.70 |
| Nd3 e− | ⇌ | Nd2 | −2.7 |
| Mg(OH)2 2 e− | ⇌ | Mg 2 OH− | −2.690 |
| Sm2 2 e− | ⇌ | Sm | −2.68 |
| Be2O32− 3 H2O 4 e− | ⇌ | 2 Be 6 OH− | −2.63 |
| Pm3 e− | ⇌ | Pm2 | −2.6 |
| Dy3 e− | ⇌ | Dy2 | −2.6 |
| No2 2 e− | ⇌ | No | −2.50 |
| HfO(OH)2 H2O 4 e− | ⇌ | Hf 4 OH− | −2.50 |
| Th(OH)4 4 e− | ⇌ | Th 4 OH− | −2.48 |
| Md2 2 e− | ⇌ | Md | −2.40 |
| Tm2 2 e− | ⇌ | Tm | −2.4 |
| La3 3 e− | ⇌ | La(s) | −2.379 |
| Y3 3 e− | ⇌ | Y(s) | −2.372 |
| Mg2 2 e− | ⇌ | Mg(s) | −2.372 |
| ZrO(OH)2(s) H2O 4 e− | ⇌ | Zr(s) 4 OH− | −2.36 |
| Pr3 3 e− | ⇌ | Pr | −2.353 |
| Ce3 3 e− | ⇌ | Ce | −2.336 |
| Er3 3 e− | ⇌ | Er | −2.331 |
| Ho3 3 e− | ⇌ | Ho | −2.33 |
| H2AlO3− H2O 3 e− | ⇌ | Al 4 OH− | −2.33 |
| Nd3 3 e− | ⇌ | Nd | −2.323 |
| Tm3 3 e− | ⇌ | Tm | −2.319 |
| Al(OH)3(s) 3 e− | ⇌ | Al(s) 3 OH− | −2.31 |
| Sm3 3 e− | ⇌ | Sm | −2.304 |
| Fm2 2 e− | ⇌ | Fm | −2.30 |
| Am3 e− | ⇌ | Am2 | −2.3 |
| Dy3 3 e− | ⇌ | Dy | −2.295 |
| Lu3 3 e− | ⇌ | Lu | −2.28 |
| Tb3 3 e− | ⇌ | Tb | −2.28 |
| Gd3 3 e− | ⇌ | Gd | −2.279 |
| H2 2 e− | ⇌ | 2 H− | −2.23 |
| Es2 2 e− | ⇌ | Es | −2.23 |
| Pm2 2 e− | ⇌ | Pm | −2.2 |
| Tm3 e− | ⇌ | Tm2 | −2.2 |
| Dy2 2 e− | ⇌ | Dy | −2.2 |
| Ac3 3 e− | ⇌ | Ac | −2.20 |
| Yb3 3 e− | ⇌ | Yb | −2.19 |
| Cf2 2 e− | ⇌ | Cf | −2.12 |
| Nd2 2 e− | ⇌ | Nd | −2.1 |
| Ho2 2 e− | ⇌ | Ho | −2.1 |
| Sc3 3 e− | ⇌ | Sc(s) | −2.077 |
| AlF63− 3 e− | ⇌ | Al 6 F− | −2.069 |
| Am3 3 e− | ⇌ | Am | −2.048 |
| Cm3 3 e− | ⇌ | Cm | −2.04 |
| Pu3 3 e− | ⇌ | Pu | −2.031 |
| Pr2 2 e− | ⇌ | Pr | −2.0 |
| Er2 2 e− | ⇌ | Er | −2.0 |
| Eu3 3 e− | ⇌ | Eu | −1.991 |
| Lr3 3 e− | ⇌ | Lr | −1.96 |
| Cf3 3 e− | ⇌ | Cf | −1.94 |
| Es3 3 e− | ⇌ | Es | −1.91 |
| Pa4 e− | ⇌ | Pa3 | −1.9 |
| Am2 2 e− | ⇌ | Am | −1.9 |
| Th4 4 e− | ⇌ | Th | −1.899 |
| Fm3 3 e− | ⇌ | Fm | −1.89 |
| Np3 3 e− | ⇌ | Np | −1.856 |
| Be2 2 e− | ⇌ | Be | −1.847 |
| H2PO2− e− | ⇌ | P 2 OH− | −1.82 |
| U3 3 e− | ⇌ | U | −1.798 |
| Sr2 2 e− | ⇌ | Sr/Hg | −1.793 |
| H2BO3− H2O 3 e− | ⇌ | B 4 OH− | −1.79 |
| ThO2 4H 4 e− | ⇌ | Th 2 H2O | −1.789 |
| HfO2 2 H 4 e− | ⇌ | Hf H2O | −1.724 |
| HPO32− 2 H2O 3 e− | ⇌ | P 5 OH− | −1.71 |
| SiO32− H2O 4 e− | ⇌ | Si 6 OH− | −1.697 |
| Al3 3 e− | ⇌ | Al(s) | −1.662 |
| Ti2 2 e− | ⇌ | Ti(s) | −1.63 |
| ZrO2(s) 4 H 4 e− | ⇌ | Zr(s) 2H2O | −1.553 |
| Zr4 4 e− | ⇌ | Zr(s) | −1.45 |
| Ti3 3 e− | ⇌ | Ti(s) | −1.37 |
| TiO(s) 2 H 2 e− | ⇌ | Ti(s) H2O | −1.31 |
| Ti2O3(s) 2 H 2 e− | ⇌ | 2 TiO(s) H2O | −1.23 |
| Zn(OH)42− 2 e− | ⇌ | Zn(s) 4 OH− | −1.199 |
| Mn2 2 e− | ⇌ | Mn(s) | −1.185 |
| Fe(CN)64− 6 H 2 e− | ⇌ | Fe(s) 6HCN(aq) | −1.16 |
| Te(s) 2 e− | ⇌ | Te2− | −1.143 |
| V2 2 e− | ⇌ | V(s) | −1.13 |
| Nb3 3 e− | ⇌ | Nb(s) | −1.099 |
| Sn(s) 4 H 4 e− | ⇌ | SnH4(g) | −1.07 |
| SiO2(s) 4 H 4 e− | ⇌ | Si(s) 2H2O | −0.91 |
| B(OH)3(aq) 3 H 3 e− | ⇌ | B(s) 3H2O | −0.89 |
| Fe(OH)2(s) 2 e− | ⇌ | Fe(s) 2 OH− | −0.89 |
| Fe2O3(s) 3H2O 2 e− | ⇌ | 2Fe(OH)2(s) 2 OH− | −0.86 |
| TiO2 2 H 4 e− | ⇌ | Ti(s) H2O | −0.86 |
| 2H2O 2 e− | ⇌ | H2(g) 2 OH− | −0.8277 |
| Bi(s) 3 H 3 e− | ⇌ | BiH3 | −0.8 |
| Zn2 2 e− | ⇌ | Zn(Hg) | −0.7628 |
| Zn2 2 e− | ⇌ | Zn(s) | −0.7618 |
| Ta2O5(s) 10 H 10 e− | ⇌ | 2 Ta(s) 5H2O | −0.75 |
| Cr3 3 e− | ⇌ | Cr(s) | −0.74 |
| [Au(CN)2]− e− | ⇌ | Au(s) 2 CN− | −0.60 |
| Ta3 3 e− | ⇌ | Ta(s) | −0.6 |
| PbO(s) H2O 2 e− | ⇌ | Pb(s) 2 OH− | −0.58 |
| 2 TiO2(s) 2 H 2 e− | ⇌ | Ti2O3(s) H2O | −0.56 |
| Ga3 3 e− | ⇌ | Ga(s) | −0.53 |
| U4 e− | ⇌ | U3 | −0.52 |
| H3PO2(aq) H e− | ⇌ | P(white)[note 1] 2H2O | −0.508 |
| H3PO3(aq) 2 H 2 e− | ⇌ | H3PO2(aq) H2O | −0.499 |
| H3PO3(aq) 3 H 3 e− | ⇌ | P(red)[note 1] 3H2O | −0.454 |
| Fe2 2 e− | ⇌ | Fe(s) | −0.44 |
| 2 CO2(g) 2 H 2 e− | ⇌ | HOOCCOOH(aq) | −0.43 |
| Cr3 e− | ⇌ | Cr2 | −0.42 |
| Cd2 2 e− | ⇌ | Cd(s) | −0.40 |
| GeO2(s) 2 H 2 e− | ⇌ | GeO(s) H2O | −0.37 |
| Cu2O(s) H2O 2 e− | ⇌ | 2 Cu(s) 2 OH− | −0.360 |
| PbSO4(s) 2 e− | ⇌ | Pb(s) SO42− | −0.3588 |
| PbSO4(s) 2 e− | ⇌ | Pb(Hg) SO42− | −0.3505 |
| Eu3 e− | ⇌ | Eu2 | −0.35 |
| In3 3 e− | ⇌ | In(s) | −0.34 |
| Tl e− | ⇌ | Tl(s) | −0.34 |
| Ge(s) 4 H 4 e− | ⇌ | GeH4(g) | −0.29 |
| Co2 2 e− | ⇌ | Co(s) | −0.28 |
| H3PO4(aq) 2 H 2 e− | ⇌ | H3PO3(aq) H2O | −0.276 |
| V3 e− | ⇌ | V2 | −0.26 |
| Ni2 2 e− | ⇌ | Ni(s) | −0.25 |
| As(s) 3 H 3 e− | ⇌ | AsH3(g) | −0.23 |
| AgI(s) e− | ⇌ | Ag(s) I− | −0.15224 |
| MoO2(s) 4 H 4 e− | ⇌ | Mo(s) 2H2O | −0.15 |
| Si(s) 4 H 4 e− | ⇌ | SiH4(g) | −0.14 |
| Sn2 2 e− | ⇌ | Sn(s) | −0.13 |
| O2(g) H e− | ⇌ | HO2•(aq) | −0.13 |
| Pb2 2 e− | ⇌ | Pb(s) | −0.126 |
| WO2(s) 4 H 4 e− | ⇌ | W(s) 2H2O | −0.12 |
| P(red) 3 H 3 e− | ⇌ | PH3(g) | −0.111 |
| CO2(g) 2 H 2 e− | ⇌ | HCOOH(aq) | −0.11 |
| Se(s) 2 H 2 e− | ⇌ | H2Se(g) | −0.11 |
| CO2(g) 2 H 2 e− | ⇌ | CO(g) H2O | −0.11 |
| SnO(s) 2 H 2 e− | ⇌ | Sn(s) H2O | −0.10 |
| SnO2(s) 4 H 4 e− | ⇌ | SnO(s) 2H2O | −0.09 |
| WO3(aq) 6 H 6 e− | ⇌ | W(s) 3H2O | −0.09 |
| P(white) 3 H 3 e− | ⇌ | PH3(g) | −0.063 |
| Fe3 3 e− | ⇌ | Fe(s) | −0.04 |
| HCOOH(aq) 2 H 2 e− | ⇌ | HCHO(aq) H2O | −0.03 |
| 2 H 2 e− | ⇌ | H2(g) | 0.0000 |
| AgBr(s) e− | ⇌ | Ag(s) Br− | 0.07133 |
| S4O62− 2 e− | ⇌ | 2 S2O32− | 0.08 |
| Fe3O4(s) 8 H 8 e− | ⇌ | 3 Fe(s) 4H2O | 0.085 |
| N2(g) 2H2O 6 H 6 e− | ⇌ | 2 NH4OH(aq) | 0.092 |
| HgO(s) H2O 2 e− | ⇌ | Hg(l) 2 OH− | 0.0977 |
| Cu(NH3)42 e− | ⇌ | Cu(NH3)2 2 NH3 | 0.10 |
| Ru(NH3)63 e− | ⇌ | Ru(NH3)62 | 0.10 |
| N2H4(aq) 4H2O 2 e− | ⇌ | 2 NH4 4 OH− | 0.11 |
| H2MoO4(aq) 6 H 6 e− | ⇌ | Mo(s) 4H2O | 0.11 |
| Ge4 4 e− | ⇌ | Ge(s) | 0.12 |
| C(s) 4 H 4 e− | ⇌ | CH4(g) | 0.13 |
| HCHO(aq) 2 H 2 e− | ⇌ | CH3OH(aq) | 0.13 |
| S(s) 2 H 2 e− | ⇌ | H2S(g) | 0.14 |
| Sn4 2 e− | ⇌ | Sn2 | 0.15 |
| Cu2 e− | ⇌ | Cu | 0.159 |
| HSO4− 3 H 2 e− | ⇌ | SO2(aq) 2H2O | 0.16 |
| UO22 e− | ⇌ | UO2 | 0.163 |
| SO42− 4 H 2 e− | ⇌ | SO2(aq) 2H2O | 0.17 |
| TiO2 2 H e− | ⇌ | Ti3 H2O | 0.19 |
| SbO 2 H 3 e− | ⇌ | Sb(s) H2O | 0.20 |
| AgCl(s) e− | ⇌ | Ag(s) Cl− | 0.22233 |
| H3AsO3(aq) 3 H 3 e− | ⇌ | As(s) 3H2O | 0.24 |
| GeO(s) 2 H 2 e− | ⇌ | Ge(s) H2O | 0.26 |
| UO2 4 H e− | ⇌ | U4 2H2O | 0.273 |
| Re3 3 e− | ⇌ | Re(s) | 0.300 |
| Bi3 3 e− | ⇌ | Bi(s) | 0.308 |
| VO2 2 H e− | ⇌ | V3 H2O | 0.34 |
| Cu2 2 e− | ⇌ | Cu(s) | 0.337 |
| [Fe(CN)6]3− e− | ⇌ | [Fe(CN)6]4− | 0.36 |
| Fc e− | ⇌ | Fc(s) | 0.4 |
| O2(g) 2H2O 4 e− | ⇌ | 4 OH−(aq) | 0.401 |
| H2MoO4 6 H 3 e− | ⇌ | Mo3 2H2O | 0.43 |
| CH3OH(aq) 2 H 2 e− | ⇌ | CH4(g) H2O | 0.50 |
| SO2(aq) 4 H 4 e− | ⇌ | S(s) 2H2O | 0.50 |
| Cu e− | ⇌ | Cu(s) | 0.520 |
| CO(g) 2 H 2 e− | ⇌ | C(s) H2O | 0.52 |
| I3− 2 e− | ⇌ | 3 I− | 0.53 |
| I2(s) 2 e− | ⇌ | 2 I− | 0.54 |
| [AuI4]− 3 e− | ⇌ | Au(s) 4 I− | 0.56 |
| H3AsO4(aq) 2 H 2 e− | ⇌ | H3AsO3(aq) H2O | 0.56 |
| [AuI2]− e− | ⇌ | Au(s) 2 I− | 0.58 |
| MnO4− 2H2O 3 e− | ⇌ | MnO2(s) 4 OH− | 0.59 |
| S2O32 − 6 H 4 e− | ⇌ | 2 S(s) 3H2O | 0.60 |
| H2MoO4(aq) 2 H 2 e− | ⇌ | MoO2(s) 2H2O | 0.65 |
 2 H 2 e−
|
⇌ | 
|
0.6992 |
| O2(g) 2 H 2 e− | ⇌ | H2O2(aq) | 0.70 |
| Tl3 3 e− | ⇌ | Tl(s) | 0.72 |
| PtCl62− 2 e− | ⇌ | PtCl42− 2 Cl− | 0.726 |
| H2SeO3(aq) 4 H 4 e− | ⇌ | Se(s) 3H2O | 0.74 |
| PtCl42− 2 e− | ⇌ | Pt(s) 4 Cl− | 0.758 |
| Fe3 e− | ⇌ | Fe2 | 0.77 |
| Ag e− | ⇌ | Ag(s) | 0.7996 |
| Hg22 2 e− | ⇌ | 2 Hg(l) | 0.80 |
| NO3−(aq) 2 H e− | ⇌ | NO2(g) H2O | 0.80 |
| 2FeO42− 5H2O 6 e− | ⇌ | Fe2O3(s) 10 OH− | 0.81 |
| [AuBr4]− 3 e− | ⇌ | Au(s) 4 Br− | 0.85 |
| Hg2 2 e− | ⇌ | Hg(l) | 0.85 |
| [IrCl6]2− e− | ⇌ | [IrCl6]3− | 0.87 |
| MnO4− H e− | ⇌ | HMnO4− | 0.90 |
| 2 Hg2 2 e− | ⇌ | Hg22 | 0.91 |
| Pd2 2 e− | ⇌ | Pd(s) | 0.915 |
| [AuCl4]− 3 e− | ⇌ | Au(s) 4 Cl− | 0.93 |
| MnO2(s) 4 H e− | ⇌ | Mn3 2H2O | 0.95 |
| NO3−(aq) 4 H 3 e− | ⇌ | NO(g) 2H2O(l) | 0.958 |
| [AuBr2]− e− | ⇌ | Au(s) 2 Br− | 0.96 |
| [HXeO6]3− 2H2O 2 e− | ⇌ | [HXeO4]− 4 OH− | 0.99 |
| [VO2] (aq) 2 H e− | ⇌ | [VO]2 (aq) H2O | 1.0 |
| H6TeO6(aq) 2 H 2 e− | ⇌ | TeO2(s) 4H2O | 1.02 |
| Br2(l) 2 e− | ⇌ | 2 Br− | 1.066 |
| Br2(aq) 2 e− | ⇌ | 2 Br− | 1.0873 |
| IO3− 5 H 4 e− | ⇌ | HIO(aq) 2H2O | 1.13 |
| [AuCl2]− e− | ⇌ | Au(s) 2 Cl− | 1.15 |
| HSeO4− 3 H 2 e− | ⇌ | H2SeO3(aq) H2O | 1.15 |
| Ag2O(s) 2 H 2 e− | ⇌ | 2 Ag(s) H2O | 1.17 |
| ClO3− 2 H e− | ⇌ | ClO2(g) H2O | 1.18 |
| [HXeO6]3− 5H2O 8 e− | ⇌ | Xe(g) 11 OH− | 1.18 |
| Pt2 2 e− | ⇌ | Pt(s) | 1.188 |
| ClO2(g) H e− | ⇌ | HClO2(aq) | 1.19 |
| 2 IO3− 12 H 10 e− | ⇌ | I2(s) 6H2O | 1.20 |
| ClO4− 2 H 2 e− | ⇌ | ClO3− H2O | 1.20 |
| O2(g) 4 H 4 e− | ⇌ | 2H2O | 1.229 |
| MnO2(s) 4 H 2 e− | ⇌ | Mn2 2H2O | 1.23 |
| [HXeO4]− 3H2O 6 e− | ⇌ | Xe(g) 7 OH− | 1.24 |
| Tl3 2 e− | ⇌ | Tl | 1.25 |
| Cr2O72− 14 H 6 e− | ⇌ | 2 Cr3 7H2O | 1.33 |
| Cl2(g) 2 e− | ⇌ | 2 Cl− | 1.36 |
| CoO2(s) 4 H e− | ⇌ | Co3 2H2O | 1.42 |
| 2 NH3OH H 2 e− | ⇌ | N2H5 2H2O | 1.42 |
| 2 HIO(aq) 2 H 2 e− | ⇌ | I2(s) 2H2O | 1.44 |
| BrO3− 5 H 4 e− | ⇌ | HBrO(aq) 2H2O | 1.45 |
| ß-PbO2(s) 4 H 2 e− | ⇌ | Pb2 2H2O | 1.460 |
| a-PbO2(s) 4 H 2 e− | ⇌ | Pb2 2H2O | 1.468 |
| 2 BrO3− 12 H 10 e− | ⇌ | Br2(l) 6H2O | 1.48 |
| 2ClO3− 12 H 10 e− | ⇌ | Cl2(g) 6H2O | 1.49 |
| HClO(aq) H 2 e− | ⇌ | Cl−(aq) H2O | 1.49 |
| MnO4− 8 H 5 e− | ⇌ | Mn2 4H2O | 1.51 |
| HO2• H e− | ⇌ | H2O2(aq) | 1.51 |
| Au3 3 e− | ⇌ | Au(s) | 1.52 |
| NiO2(s) 4 H 2 e− | ⇌ | Ni2 2 OH− | 1.59 |
| Ce4 e− | ⇌ | Ce3 | 1.61 |
| 2 HClO(aq) 2 H 2 e− | ⇌ | Cl2(g) 2H2O | 1.63 |
| Ag2O3(s) 6 H 4 e− | ⇌ | 2 Ag 3H2O | 1.67 |
| HClO2(aq) 2 H 2 e− | ⇌ | HClO(aq) H2O | 1.67 |
| Pb4 2 e− | ⇌ | Pb2 | 1.69 |
| MnO4− 4 H 3 e− | ⇌ | MnO2(s) 2H2O | 1.70 |
| AgO(s) 2 H e− | ⇌ | Ag H2O | 1.77 |
| H2O2(aq) 2 H 2 e− | ⇌ | 2H2O | 1.78 |
| Co3 e− | ⇌ | Co2 | 1.82 |
| Au e− | ⇌ | Au(s) | 1.83 |
| BrO4− 2 H 2 e− | ⇌ | BrO3− H2O | 1.85 |
| Ag2 e− | ⇌ | Ag | 1.98 |
| S2O82− 2 e− | ⇌ | 2 SO42− | 2.010 |
| O3(g) 2 H 2 e− | ⇌ | O2(g) H2O | 2.075 |
| HMnO4− 3 H 2 e− | ⇌ | MnO2(s) 2H2O | 2.09 |
| XeO3(aq) 6 H 6 e− | ⇌ | Xe(g) 3H2O | 2.12 |
| H4XeO6(aq) 8 H 8 e− | ⇌ | Xe(g) 6 H2O | 2.18 |
| FeO42− 3 e− 8 H | ⇌ | Fe3 4H2O | 2.20 |
| XeF2(aq) 2 H 2 e− | ⇌ | Xe(g) 2HF(aq) | 2.32 |
| H4XeO6(aq) 2 H 2 e− | ⇌ | XeO3(aq) H2O | 2.42 |
| F2(g) 2 e− | ⇌ | 2 F− | 2.87 |
| F2(g) 2 H 2 e− | ⇌ | 2 HF(aq) | 3.05 |
| KrF2(aq) 2 e− | ⇌ | Kr(g) 2 F−(aq) | 3.27 |
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