TG-article joined Wikipedia on November 19, 2024. The first edit was on Total Linhas Aereas Flight 5682 when the short description was changed from "2024 aviation accident" to "2024 aviation accident in Brazil". There were multiple contributions created by the user, mostly on aviation-related articles. The first edit to be reverted was on November 20, on the China Airlines Flight 605 article; the number of occupants was changed to 396, the number of passengers was changed to 374, the number of injuries was changed to 23, and the number of survivors was changed to 396. The edit was reverted to a revision where the number of occupants was 296, the number of passengers was 274, the number of injuries was 10, and the number of survivors was 296. The edit was reverted as a result of the Aviation Safety Network saying that 296 people were on board, not 396. The first edit using Shortdesc helper was on December 25, 2024, when the short description of Southwest Airlines Flight 345 was changed from "2013 aviation incident in New York City, US" to "2013 aviation accident in New York City, US". This was done because of the fact that the aviation occurrence was classified as an accident, not an incident. The first edit to reach 1 million views was my edit on Jeju Air Flight 2216. It officially reached that amount of views on January 3, 2025. The 1,000th revision made on a Wikipedia page was revision 2025-01-03T19:49:12 on Swiss International Air Lines Flight 1885.
Airbus began developing larger A300 derivatives in the mid-1970s, giving rise to the A330 twinjet as well as the Airbus A340quadjet, and launched both designs along with their first orders in June 1987.
The A330-300, the first variant, took its maiden flight in November 1992 and entered service with Air Inter in January 1994. The A330-200, a shortened longer-range variant, followed in 1998 with Canada 3000 as the launch operator.
The Boeing 777X is the latest series of the long-range, wide-body, twin-engine jetliners in the Boeing 777 family from Boeing Commercial Airplanes. The changes for 777X include General Electric GE9X engines, composite wings with folding wingtips, greater cabin width and seating capacity, and technologies from the Boeing 787. The 777X was launched in November 2013 with two variants: the 777-8 and the 777-9. The 777-8 provides seating for 395 passengers and has a range of 8,745 nmi (16,196 km; 10,064 mi) while the 777-9 has seating for 426 passengers and a range of over 7,285 nmi (13,492 km; 8,383 mi).
The jetliner was designed to bridge the gap between Boeing's other wide body airplanes, the twin-engined 767 and quad-engined 747, and to replace aging DC-10 and L-1011trijets. Developed in consultation with eight major airlines, the 777 program was launched in October 1990, with an order from United Airlines. The prototype aircraft rolled out in April 1994, and first flew in June of that year. The 777 entered service with the launch operator United Airlines in June 1995. Longer-range variants were launched in 2000, and first delivered in 2004.
development
After dropping its unconventional Sonic Cruiser project, Boeing announced the conventional 7E7 on January 29, 2003, which focused largely on efficiency. The program was launched on April 26, 2004, with an order for 50 aircraft from All Nippon Airways (ANA), targeting a 2008 introduction.
On July 8, 2007, a prototype 787 without major operating systems was rolled out; subsequently the aircraft experienced multiple delays, until its maiden flight on December 15, 2009.
Type certification was received in August 2011, and the first 787-8 was delivered in September 2011 before entering commercial service on October 26, 2011, with ANA.
Qatar Airways Company Q.C.S.C. (Arabic: الخطوط الجوية القطرية, al-Qaṭariyya),[6] operating as Qatar Airways, is the flag carrier of Qatar.[7] Headquartered in the Qatar Airways Tower in Doha, the airline operates a hub-and-spoke network, flying to over 170 international destinations across five continents from its base at Hamad International Airport.[8][9] The airline currently operates a fleet of more than 200 aircraft. Qatar Airways Group employs more than 43,000 people. The carrier has been a member of the Oneworld alliance since October 2013, and the official company slogan has been "Going Places Together" since 2015.[10]
Human rights organisations consider the UAE substandard on human rights, ranking only 6.06 in the human freedom index, citing reports of government critics being imprisoned and tortured, families harassed by the state security apparatus, and cases of forced disappearances.[34] Individual rights such as the freedoms of assembly, association, expression, and the freedom of the press are severely repressed.[35]
Sweden,[i] formally the Kingdom of Sweden,[j][k] is a Nordic country located on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. It borders Norway to the west and north, and Finland to the east. At 450,295 square kilometres (173,860 sq mi),[60] Sweden is the largest Nordic country and the fifth-largest country in Europe. Its capital and largest city is Stockholm. Sweden has a population of 10.6 million,[61] and a low population density of 25.5 inhabitants per square kilometre (66/sq mi); 88% of Swedes reside in urban areas.[62] They are mostly in the central and southern half of the country. Sweden's urban areas together cover 1.5% of its land area. Sweden has a diverse climate owing to the length of the country, which ranges from 55°N to 69°N.
Sweden has been inhabited since prehistoric times around 12,000 BC. The inhabitants emerged as the Geats (Swedish: Götar) and Swedes (Svear), which together constituted the sea-faring peoples known as the Norsemen. A unified Swedish state was established during the late 10th century. In 1397, Sweden joined Norway and Denmark to form the Scandinavian Kalmar Union,[63] which Sweden left in 1523. When Sweden became involved in the Thirty Years' War on the Protestant side, an expansion of its territories began, forming the Swedish Empire, which remained one of the great powers of Europe until the early 18th century. During this era Sweden controlled much of the Baltic Sea. Most of the conquered territories outside the Scandinavian Peninsula were lost during the 18th and 19th centuries. The eastern half of Sweden, present-day Finland, was lost to Imperial Russia in 1809. The last war in which Sweden was directly involved was in 1814, when Sweden by military means forced Norway into a personal union, a union which lasted until 1905.
^Goold, Ian (11 November 2017). "Airbus Presents Updated Airliners to Middle East Carriers". AIN Online. Archived from the original on 29 March 2020. Retrieved 29 March 2020. ...Airbus had flown some planned improvements during a 130 flight-hour program with A330ceo (current engine option) MSN871...
^Clark, Nicola (22 April 2013). "Strike Grounds Most Lufthansa Flights". The New York Times. ISSN0362-4331. Archived from the original on 12 February 2022. Retrieved 10 March 2022. A widespread strike all but grounded the German flag carrier Lufthansa on Monday
^Murray, Miranda; Szymanska, Zuzanna (12 November 2021). "German ministries welcome Lufthansa's early bailout aid repayment". Reuters. Archived from the original on 10 March 2022. Retrieved 10 March 2022. Germany's finance and economy ministries on Friday welcomed the early repayment by flag carrier Lufthansa
^"Lufthansa". Star Alliance. Archived from the original on 25 January 2022. Retrieved 15 February 2022.
^Salpukas, Agis (27 December 1992). "Air France's Big Challenge". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 18 June 2009. Retrieved 31 May 2009.
^Siemund, Peter; Al-Issa, Ahmad; Leimgruber, Jakob R. E. (June 2021). "Multilingualism and the role of English in the United Arab Emirates". World Englishes. 40 (2): 191–204. doi:10.1111/weng.12507. ISSN0883-2919. S2CID219903631.191-204&rft.date=2021-06&rft_id=https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:219903631#id-name=S2CID&rft.issn=0883-2919&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111/weng.12507&rft.aulast=Siemund&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.au=Al-Issa, Ahmad&rft.au=Leimgruber, Jakob R. E.&rft_id=https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fweng.12507&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:User:TG-article" class="Z3988">
Howard 2016, pp. 24–28 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFHoward2016 (help): "Göbekli Tepe’s close proximity to several very early sites of grain cultivation helped lead Schmidt to the conclusion that it was the need to maintain the ritual center that first encouraged the beginnings of settled agriculture—the Neolithic Revolution"
Ahmed 2006, p. 1576 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFAhmed2006 (help): "Turkey’s diversity is derived from its central location near the world’s earliest civilizations as well as a history replete with population movements and invasions. The Hattite culture was prominent during the Bronze Age prior to 2000 BCE, but was replaced by the Indo-European Hittites who conquered Anatolia by the second millennium. Meanwhile, Turkish Thrace came to be dominated by another Indo-European group, the Thracians for whom the region is named."
Steadman 2012, p. 234 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFSteadman2012 (help): "By the time of the Old Assyrian Colony period in the early second millennium b.c.e . (see Michel, chapter 13 in this volume) the languages spoken on the plateau included Hattian, an indigenous Anatolian language, Hurrian (spoken in northern Syria), and Indo-European languages known as Luwian, Hittite, and Palaic"
Michel 2012, p. 327 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFMichel2012 (help)
Melchert 2012, p. 713 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFMelchert2012 (help)
Howard 2016, p. 26 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFHoward2016 (help)
Howard 2016, p. 29 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFHoward2016 (help): "The sudden disappearance of the Persian Empire and the conquest of virtually the entire Middle Eastern world from the Nile to the Indus by Alexander the Great caused tremendous political and cultural upheaval. ... statesmen throughout the conquered regions attempted to implement a policy of Hellenization. For indigenous elites, this amounted to the forced assimilation of native religion and culture to Greek models. It met resistance in Anatolia as elsewhere, especially from priests and others who controlled temple wealth."
Ahmed 2006, p. 1576 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFAhmed2006 (help): "Subsequently, hellenization of the elites transformed Anatolia into a largely Greek-speaking region"
Davison 1990, pp. 3–4 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFDavison1990 (help): "So the Seljuk sultanate was a successor state ruling part of the medieval Greek empire, and within it the process of Turkification of a previously Hellenized Anatolian population continued. That population must already have been of very mixed ancestry, deriving from ancient Hittite, Phrygian, Cappadocian, and other civilizations as well as Roman and Greek."
Howard 2016, pp. 33–44 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFHoward2016 (help)
^Howard 2016, pp. 38–39 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFHoward2016 (help)
^Howard 2016, p. 45 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFHoward2016 (help)
^Somel 2010, p. xcvii harvnb error: no target: CITEREFSomel2010 (help)
Kaser 2011, p. 336 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFKaser2011 (help): "The emerging Christian nation states justified the prosecution of their Muslims by arguing that they were their former “suppressors”. The historical balance: between about 1820 and 1920, millions of Muslim casualties and refugees back to the remaining Ottoman Empire had to be registered; estimations speak about 5 million casualties and the same number of displaced persons"
Fábos 2005, p. 437 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFFábos2005 (help): "Muslims had been the majority in Anatolia, the Crimea, the Balkans, and the Caucasus and a plurality in southern Russia and sections of Romania. Most of these lands were within or contiguous with the Ottoman Empire. By 1923, 'only Anatolia, eastern Thrace, and a section of the southeastern Caucasus remained to the Muslim land ... Millions of Muslims, most of them Turks, had died; millions more had fled to what is today Turkey. Between 1821 and 1922, more than five million Muslims were driven from their lands. Five and one-half million Muslims died, some of them killed in wars, others perishing as refugees from starvation and disease' (McCarthy 1995, 1). Since people in the Ottoman Empire were classified by religion, Turks, Albanians, Bosnians, and all other Muslim groups were recognized—and recognized themselves—simply as Muslims. Hence, their persecution and forced migration is of central importance to an analysis of 'Muslim migration.'"
Karpat 2001, p. 343 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFKarpat2001 (help): "The main migrations started from Crimea in 1856 and were followed by those from the Caucasus and the Balkans in 1862 to 1878 and 1912 to 1916. These have continued to our day. The quantitative indicators cited in various sources show that during this period a total of about 7 million migrants from Crimea, the Caucasus, the Balkans, and the Mediterranean islands settled in Anatolia. These immigrants were overwhelmingly Muslim, except for a number of Jews who left their homes in the Balkans and Russia in order to live in the Ottoman lands. By the end of the century the immigrants and their descendants constituted some 30 to 40 percent of the total population of Anatolia, and in some western areas their percentage was even higher." ... "The immigrants called themselves Muslims rather than Turks, although most of those from Bulgaria, Macedonia, and eastern Serbia descended from the Turkish Anatolian stock who settled in the Balkans in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries."
Karpat 2004, pp. 5–6 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFKarpat2004 (help): "Migration was a major force in the social and cultural reconstruction of the Ottoman state in the nineteenth century. While some seven to nine million, mostly Muslim, refugees from lost territories in the Caucasus, Crimea, Balkans and Mediterranean islands migrated to Anatolia and Eastern Thrace, during the last quarter of the nineteenth and the early part of the twentieth centuries..."
Pekesen 2012 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFPekesen2012 (help): "The immigration had far-reaching social and political consequences for the Ottoman Empire and Turkey." ... "Between 1821 and 1922, some 5.3 million Muslims migrated to the Empire.50 It is estimated that in 1923, the year the republic of Turkey was founded, about 25 per cent of the population came from immigrant families.51"
Biondich 2011, p. 93 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFBiondich2011 (help): "The road from Berlin to Lausanne was littered with millions of casualties. In the period between 1878 and 1912, as many as two million Muslims emigrated voluntarily or involuntarily from the Balkans. When one adds those who were killed or expelled between 1912 and 1923, the number of Muslim casualties from the Balkan far exceeds three million. By 1923 fewer than one million remained in the Balkans"
Armour 2012, p. 213 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFArmour2012 (help): "To top it all, the Empire was host to a steady stream of Muslim refugees. Russia between 1854 and 1876 expelled 1.4 million Crimean Tartars, and in the mid-1860s another 600,000 Circassians from the Caucasus. Their arrival produced further economic dislocation and expense."
Bosma, Lucassen & Oostindie 2012a, p. 17 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFBosmaLucassenOostindie2012a (help): "In total, many millions of Turks (or, more precisely, Muslim immigrants, including some from the Caucasus) were involved in this ‘repatriation’ – sometimes more than once in a lifetime – the last stage of which may have been the immigration of seven hundred thousand Turks from Bulgaria between 1940 and 1990. Most of these immigrants settled in urban north-western Anatolia. Today between a third and a quarter of the Republic’s population are descendants of these Muslim immigrants, known as Muhacir or Göçmen"
^Tatz, Colin; Higgins, Winton (2016). The Magnitude of Genocide. ABC-CLIO. ISBN978-1-4408-3161-4.
^Schaller, Dominik J.; Zimmerer, Jürgen (2008). "Late Ottoman genocides: the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire and Young Turkish population and extermination policies – introduction". Journal of Genocide Research. 10 (1): 7–14. doi:10.1080/14623520801950820. ISSN1462-3528. S2CID71515470.7-14&rft.date=2008&rft_id=https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:71515470#id-name=S2CID&rft.issn=1462-3528&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080/14623520801950820&rft.aulast=Schaller&rft.aufirst=Dominik J.&rft.au=Zimmerer, Jürgen&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:User:TG-article" class="Z3988">
^Morris, Benny; Ze'evi, Dror (2021). The Thirty-Year Genocide - Turkey's Destruction of Its Christian Minorities, 1894–1924. Harvard University Press. ISBN9780674251434.
^Birben, Üstüner (2019). "The Effectiveness of Protected Areas in Biodiversity Conservation: The Case of Turkey". CERNE. 25 (4): 424–438. doi:10.1590/01047760201925042644. ISSN0104-7760. Turkey has 3 out of the 36 biodiversity hotspots on Earth: the Mediterranean, Caucasus, and Irano-Anatolian hotspots424-438&rft.date=2019&rft_id=info:doi/10.1590/01047760201925042644&rft.issn=0104-7760&rft.aulast=Birben&rft.aufirst=Üstüner&rft_id=https://doi.org/10.1590%2F01047760201925042644&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:User:TG-article" class="Z3988">
^Ahmed 2006, pp. 1575–1576 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFAhmed2006 (help)
Atun, Rifat (2015). "Transforming Turkey's Health System — Lessons for Universal Coverage". New England Journal of Medicine. 373 (14): 1285–1289. doi:10.1056/NEJMp1410433. PMID26422719.1285-1289&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info:doi/10.1056/NEJMp1410433&rft_id=info:pmid/26422719&rft.aulast=Atun&rft.aufirst=Rifat&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:User:TG-article" class="Z3988">
^Berg, Miriam (2023). Turkish Drama Serials: The Importance and Influence of a Globally Popular Television Phenomenon. University of Exeter Press. pp. 1–2. ISBN978-1-80413-043-8.1-2&rft.pub=University of Exeter Press&rft.date=2023&rft.isbn=978-1-80413-043-8&rft.aulast=Berg&rft.aufirst=Miriam&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:User:TG-article" class="Z3988">
^"Türkiye". UNESCO. Archived from the original on 2 March 2024. Retrieved 2 March 2024.
^Usage is mixed. The Guardian and Telegraph use Britain as a synonym for the United Kingdom. Some prefer to use Britain as shorthand for Great Britain. The British Cabinet Office's Government Digital Servicestyle guide for use on gov.uk recommends: "Use UK and United Kingdom in preference to Britain and British (UK business, UK foreign policy, ambassador and high commissioner). But British embassy, not UK embassy."
^Cite error: The named reference ONSArea was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^The United Kingdom does not have a codified constitution but an unwritten one formed of Acts of Parliament, court judgments, traditions, and conventions.[59]
Cite error: There are <ref group=upper-roman> tags on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=upper-roman}} template (see the help page).
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