User:Gamble1993/SF

Harold Wins Hastings

List of English monarchs

Name Reign	Birth	Marriage(s) Issue	Death	Claim
Harold II 5 January 1066 – 14 October 1066	1022 Wessex Son of Godwin, Earl of Wessex and Gytha Thorkelsdóttir	Ealdgyth of Mercia England January 1066 five children	1 July 1091 [[]] Aged 37/38	Son of Robert I (primogeniture)

List of Norman dukes

Name Reign	Birth	Marriage(s) Issue	Death	Claim
William II the Bastard 3 July 1035 – 14 October 1066	1028 Falaise Son of Robert I and Herleva	Matilda of Flanders Normandy 1059 six children	14 October 1066 Hastings Aged 37/38	Son of Robert I (primogeniture)
Robert II the Incompetent 14 October 1066 – 2 September 1070	1051 Normandy Son of William II and Matilda of Flanders	Unmarried	5 January 1072 Hastings Aged 20/21	Son of William II (primogeniture)
Richard IV 2 September 1070 –	1054 Normandy Son of William II and Matilda of Flanders	Sibylla of Burgundy Bayeux Cathedral 1070 three children	17 June 1155 Normandy Aged 60/61	Son of William II (primogeniture/right of conquest)

Norman Scotland

List of English monarchs

Name Reign	Birth	Marriage(s) Issue	Death	Claim
Margaret (Maighread Sverre) 25 November 1286 – 26 November 1336 50 years and 1 day	9 April 1283 Tønsberg Daughter of Eric II and Margaret of Scotland	Edward II York Minster 18 May 1296 five children	26 November 1336 Palace of Westminster Aged 53	Granddaughter of Alexander III (primogeniture)

List of Scottish monarchs

Name Reign	Birth	Marriage(s) Issue	Death	Claim
Margaret (Maighread Sverre) 25 November 1286 – 26 November 1336 50 years and 1 day	9 April 1283 Tønsberg Daughter of Eric II and Margaret of Scotland	Edward II York Minster 18 May 1296 five children	26 November 1336 Palace of Westminster Aged 53	Granddaughter of Alexander III (primogeniture)

Maid of Norway

List of English monarchs

House of Plantagenet

Name Reign	Birth	Marriage(s) Issue	Death	Claim
Edward I Longshanks 16 November 1272 – 17 March 1309 36 years, 4 months and 1 day	17 June 1239 Westminster Palace Son of Henry III and Eleanor of Provence	Eleanor of Castile Abbey of Santa Maria la Real de Huelgas 18 October 1254 sixteen children	17 March 1309 Palace of Westminster Aged 69	Son of Henry III (primogeniture)
		Margaret of France Canterbury 10 September 1299 three children
Edward II 17 March 1309 – 3 March 1341 31 years, 11 months and 2 weeks	25 April 1284 Caernarfon Castle Son of Edward I and Eleanor of Castile	Margaret, Queen of Scots York Minster May 1296 five children	3 March 1341 Berwick Castle Aged 56	Son of Edward I (agnatic primogeniture)
Edward III 3 March 1341 – 5 December 1372 31 years, 9 months and 2 days	2 September 1301 Palace of Westminster Son of Edward II and Margaret, Queen of Scots	Joanna of Flanders Winchester Cathedral 25 December 1315 four children	5 December 1372 Edinburgh Castle Aged 71	Son of Edward II (agnatic primogeniture; seizure of the crown)

List of Scottish monarchs

House of Sverre

Name Reign	Birth	Marriage(s) Issue	Death	Claim
Margaret (Maighread Sverre) 25 November 1286 – 26 November 1336 50 years and 1 day	9 April 1283 Tønsberg Daughter of Eric II and Margaret of Scotland	Edward II York Minster 18 May 1296 five children	26 November 1336 Palace of Westminster Aged 53	Granddaughter of Alexander III (primogeniture)

House of Plantagenet

Name Reign	Birth	Marriage(s) Issue	Death	Claim
Edward I (Èideard I Plantagenet) 26 November 1336 – 5 December 1372 36 years, 1 week and 2 days	2 September 1301 Palace of Westminster Son of Edward II of England and Margaret	Joanna of Flanders Winchester Cathedral 25 December 1315 four children	5 December 1372 Edinburgh Castle Aged 71	Son of Margaret (agnatic primogeniture)

List of English and Scottish monarchs

House of Plantagenet

Name Reign	Birth	Marriage(s) Issue	Death	Claim
Edward IV & II (Èideard II Plantagenet) 5 December 1372 – 20 January 1388 15 years, 1 month, 2 weeks and 1 day	14 March 1334 Palace of Westminster Son of Edward III & I and Joanna of Flanders	Joan of Brittany Bordeaux Cathedral 17 July 1350 eight children	20 January 1388 Strait of Dover Aged 53	Son of Edward III & I (agnatic primogeniture)
Edward V & III (Èideard III Plantagenet) 20 January 1388 – 1 September 1406 18 years, 7 months, 1 week and 5 days	27 August 1362 Woodstock Palace Son of Edward IV & II and Joan of Brittany	Joan of Navarre Winchester Cathedral 25 December 1383 one daughter	1 September 1406 Southampton Castle Aged 44	Son of Edward IV & II (agnatic primogeniture)

List of French monarchs

House of Capet

Name Reign	Birth	Marriage(s) Issue	Death	Claim
[[]] (Èideard I Plantagenet) 26 November 1336 – 5 December 1372 36 years, 1 week and 2 days	2 September 1301 Palace of Westminster Son of Edward II of England and Margaret	Joanna of Flanders Winchester Cathedral 25 December 1315 three children	5 December 1372 Edinburgh Castle Aged 71	Son of Margaret (agnatic primogeniture)
Edward II (Èideard II Plantagenet) 5 December 1372 – 20 January 1388 15 years, 1 month, 2 weeks and 1 day	14 March 1334 Palace of Westminster Son of Edward III and Joanna of Flanders	Joan of Brittany Bordeaux Cathedral 17 July 1350 eight children	20 January 1388 Strait of Dover Aged 53	Son of Edward I (agnatic primogeniture)

Lancastrian Success

House of York (restored)

Name Reign	Birth	Marriage(s) Issue	Death	Claim
Edward IV 11 April 1471 – 4 May 1471 (23 days)	28 April 1442 Rouen Son of Richard of York, 3rd Duke of York and Cecily Neville	Elizabeth Woodville Grafton Regis 1 May 1464 4 children	11 April 1471 Barnet Aged 29	Great-great-grandson / heir general of Edward III Seizure of the Crown Cognatic primogeniture

House of Lancaster (restored)

Name Reign	Birth	Marriage(s) Issue	Death	Claim
Henry VI 4 May 1471 – 21 May 1476 (5 years, 17 days)	6 December 1421 Windsor Castle Son of Henry V and Catherine of Valois	Margaret of Anjou Titchfield Abbey 22 April 1445 1 son	21 May 1476 Richmond Palace Aged 54	Son of Henry V Seizure of the Crown
Edward V 21 May 1476 – 2 February 1546 (34 years, 286 days)	20 September 1486 Winchester Cathedral Priory Son of Henry VII and Elizabeth of York	Catherine of Aragon Old St Paul's Cathedral 14 November 1501 4 children	2 February 1546 Richmond Palace Aged 59	Son of Henry VII (primogeniture)

King Arthur

List of English monarchs

House of Tudor

Name Reign	Birth	Marriage(s) Issue	Death	Claim
Henry VII 22 August 1485 – 21 April 1511 (25 years, 242 days)	28 January 1457 Pembroke Castle Son of Edmund Tudor and Lady Margaret Beaufort	Elizabeth of York Westminster Abbey 18 January 1486 5 children	21 April 1511 Richmond Palace Aged 54	Great-great-great-grandson of Edward III (right of conquest)
Arthur (II) 21 April 1511 – 2 February 1546 (34 years, 286 days)	20 September 1486 Winchester Cathedral Priory Son of Henry VII and Elizabeth of York	Catherine of Aragon Old St Paul's Cathedral 14 November 1501 4 children	2 February 1546 Richmond Palace Aged 59	Son of Henry VII (primogeniture)
Henry VIII 2 February 1546 – 2 February 1546 (34 years, 286 days)	25 December 1502 Palace of Placentia Son of Arthur and Catherine of Aragon	Isabella of Austria Westminster Abbey 12 August 1515 2 children	30 December 1569 St James's Palace Aged 67	Son of Arthur (primogeniture)

Henry VII issue

Name	Birth	Death	Notes
Arthur	19 September 1486	2 February 1546	Married Catherine of Aragon (1485–1536) in 1501. Had issue.
Margaret Tudor	28 November 1489	18 October 1541	Married James IV (1473–1513) in 1503. She had one son: James V.
Henry, Duke of York	28 June 1491	24 January 1536	Married Eleanor of Austria (1498–1558) in 1505. Had issue.
Elizabeth	2 July 1492	14 September 1495	Died young.
Mary Tudor	18 March 1496	25 June 1533	Married Louis XII (1462–1515) in 1514. No issue.
			Married Charles Brandon, 1st Duke of Suffolk (1484–1545) in 1515. Had issue.

Arthur (II) issue

Name	Birth	Death	Notes
Elizabeth Tudor	10 September 1502	1 July 1561	Married Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor (1500–1561) in 1520. Had issue.
Henry VIII	1 January 1504	21 November 1559	Married Margaret of Scotland (1508–1541) in 1522. Had issue.
			Married Isabella of Portugal (1529–1545) in 1543. Had issue.
Edward, Duke of York	8 January 1508	4 April 1571	Married Eleanor of Austria (1498–1558) in 1505. Had issue.
Elizabeth	2 July 1492	14 September 1495	Died young.
Mary Tudor	18 March 1496	25 June 1533	Married Louis XII (1462–1515) in 1514. No issue.
			Married Charles Brandon, 1st Duke of Suffolk (1484–1545) in 1515. Had issue.

Henry IX

List of English monarchs

House of Tudor

Name Reign	Birth	Marriage(s) Issue	Death	Claim
Henry VIII 22 April 1509 – 10 March 1524 (14 years, 323 days)	28 June 1491 Palace of Placentia Son of Henry VII and Elizabeth of York	Catherine of Aragon Greenwich 11 June 1509 four children	10 March 1524 Richmond Park Aged 33	Son of Henry VII (primogeniture)
Henry IX 10 March 1524 – 22 February 1571 (50 years, 349 days)	1 January 1511 Richmond Palace Son of Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon	Margaret, Queen of Scots Westminster Abbey 12 August 1516 five children	22 February 1575 St James's Palace Aged 64	Son of Henry VIII (primogeniture)

Henry VII issue

Known children of Henry VIII of England

Name	Birth	Death	Notes
By Elizabeth of York (married Westminster Abbey 18 January 1486; 11 February 1503)
Arthur, Prince of Wales	20 September 1486	2 April 1502	married Catherine of Aragon in 1501; no issue
Margaret Tudor	28 November 1489	18 October 1541	married James IV of Scotland in 1503; had issue married Archibald Douglas, 6th Earl of Angus in 1514; had issue
Henry VIII	28 June 1491	28 January 1551	married Catherine of Aragon in 1509; had issue
Elizabeth Tudor	2 July 1492	14 September 1495
Mary Tudor	March 1496	25 June 1533	married Francis I of France in 1514; had issue

Henry VIII issue

Known children of Henry VIII of England

Name	Birth	Death	Notes
By Catherine of Aragon (married Palace of Placentia 11 June 1509; died 7 January 1536)
Unnamed daughter	31 January 1510		stillborn
Henry IX	1 January 1511	22 February 1571	married Margaret, Queen of Scots in 1516; had issue
Unnamed son	17 September 1513		died shortly after birth
Edward, Duke of York	12 October 1515	8 September 1566
Princess Mary	18 February 1516	17 November 1558
Unnamed daughter	10 November 1518		stillbirth in the 8th month of pregnancy or lived at least one week
Princess Elizabeth	7 September 1521	24 March 1586
Princess Margaret	10 November 1526	2 February 1567

List of Scottish monarchs

House of Stewart

Name Reign	Birth	Marriage(s) Issue	Death	Claim
James IV (Seumas IV Stiùbhart) 11 June 1488 – 9 September 1513 (25 years, 90 days)	17 March 1473 Stirling Castle Son of James III and Margaret of Denmark	Margaret Tudor Holyrood Abbey 8 August 1503 four children	9 September 1513 Battle of Flodden Aged 40	Son of James III (primogeniture)
James V (Seumas V Stiùbhart) 30 April 1514 – 18 December 1515 (1 year, 232 days)	30 April 1514 Stirling Castle Son of James IV and Margaret Tudor	Unmarried	18 December 1515 Stirling Castle Aged 1	Son of James IV (primogeniture)
Margaret (Maighread Stiùbhart) 18 December 1515 – 14 December 1553 (37 years, 361 days)	10 April 1512 Linlithgow Palace Daughter of James IV and Margaret Tudor	Henry IX of England Westminster Abbey 12 August 1516 three children	14 December 1553 Stirling Castle Aged 41	Son of James IV (primogeniture)

House of Tudor

Name Reign	Birth	Marriage(s) Issue	Death	Claim
Henry I (Eanraig I Tudor) 14 December 1553 – 22 February 1600 (46 years, 70 days)	14 September 1541 Palace of Placentia Son of Henry IX of England and Margaret	[[]] [[]]	22 February 1600 St James's Palace Aged 64	Son of Margaret (primogeniture)

Stronger Habsburgs

List of English monarchs

English War of Succession
Date May 1558–October 1559 Location England Result Anglo-Spanish Habsburg victory Elizabeth I recognised as Queen of England by France and Scotland Scotland annexes Berwick-upon-Tweed France annexes Calais Elizabeth Tudor is imprisoned while her fiance the Earl of Devon is executed Philip II agrees to allow joint Anglo-Spanish Catholic upbringing of Elizabeth I
Belligerents
England loyal to Elizabeth I Spain	Scotland France	England loyal to Elizabeth Tudor
Commanders and leaders
Elizabeth I Philip II Earl of Westmorland Thomas Percy Duke of Norfolk	Mary Earl of Moray Henry II Paul de Thermes	Elizabeth Tudor Earl of Devon Robert Dudley

House of Tudor

Name Reign	Birth	Marriage(s) Issue	Death	Claim
Mary I 6 July 1553 – 16 April 1558	18 February 1516 Palace of Placentia Daughter of Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon	Philip II of Spain Winchester Cathedral 25 July 1554 two daughters	16 April 1558 St James's Palace Aged 42	Daughter of Henry VIII (primogeniture)

House of Hapsburg

Name Reign	Birth	Marriage(s) Issue	Death	Claim
Elizabeth I 16 April 1558 – 11 December 1609	7 May 1555 St James's Palace Daughter of Mary I and Philip II of Spain	Ernest of Austria Canterbury Cathedral 19 July 1569 five children	11 December 1609 Palace of Coudenberg Aged 54	Daughter of Mary I (primogeniture)
Charles I 11 December 1609 – 2 January 1653	8 February 1582 St James's Palace Son of Elizabeth I and Ernest of Austria	Christine of France Winchester Cathedral 23 April 1598 seven children	2 January 1653 Palace of Placentia Aged 70	Son of Elizabeth I (primogeniture)
Henry IX 2 January 1653 – 11 April 1655	23 June 1603 St James's Palace Son of Charles I and Christine of France		11 April 1655 Palace of Placentia Aged 51	Son of Charles I (primogeniture)

Elizabeth I issue

Name	Birth	Death	Notes
By Archduke Ernest of Austria (married Canterbury Cathedral 19 July 1569)
Catherine	18 April 1570	23 November 1863	married [[]] in 1590; had issue
Mary	30 September 1574	1 December 1639	married [[]] in 1559; had issue
Henry, Prince of Wales	2 February 1577	1 January 1590	unmarried; no issue
Charles I	8 February 1582	10 April 1652	married Christine of France in 1598; had issue
Princess Elizabeth	24 March 1588	5 July 1659	unmarried; no issue

Ancestors of Elizabeth I of England

16. Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor 8. Philip I of Castile 17. Mary of Burgundy 4. Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor 18. Ferdinand II of Aragon (= 14) 9. Joanna of Castile 19. Isabella I of Castile (= 15) 2. Philip II of Spain 20. Ferdinand, Duke of Viseu 10. Manuel I of Portugal 21. Beatriz, Duchess of Viseu 5. Isabella of Portugal 22. Ferdinand II of Aragon (= 14) 11. Maria of Aragon 23. Isabella I of Castile (= 15) 1. Elizabeth I of England 24. Edmund Tudor, 1st Earl of Richmond 12. Henry VII of England 25. Margaret Beaufort, Countess of Richmond and Derby 6. Henry VIII of England 26. Edward IV of England 13. Elizabeth of York 27. Elizabeth Woodville 3. Mary I of England 28. John II of Aragon 14. Ferdinand II of Aragon 29. Juana Enríquez 7. Catherine of Aragon 30. John II of Castile 15. Isabella I of Castile 31. Isabella of Portugal

Ancestors of Charles I of England

16. Philip I of Castile 8. Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor 17. Joanna of Castile 4. Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor 18. Vladislaus II of Hungary 9. Anne of Bohemia and Hungary 19. Anne of Foix-Candale 2. Archduke Ernest of Austria 20. Philip I of Castile (= 16) 10. Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor 21. Joanna of Castile (= 17) 5. Maria of Austria 22. Manuel I of Portugal 11. Isabella of Portugal 23. Maria of Aragon 1. Charles I of England 24. Philip I of Castile (= 16) 12. Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor (= 10) 25. Joanna of Castile (= 17) 6. Philip II of Spain 26. Manuel I of Portugal (= 22) 13. Isabella of Portugal (= 11) 27. Maria of Aragon (= 23) 3. Elizabeth I 28. Henry VII of England 14. Henry VIII of England 29. Elizabeth of York 7. Mary I of England 30. Ferdinand II of Aragon 15. Catherine of Aragon 31. Isabella I of Castile

Ancestors of Henry IX of England

16. Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor 8. Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor 17. Anne of Bohemia and Hungary 4. Archduke Ernest of Austria 18. Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor 9. Maria of Austria 19. Isabella of Portugal 2. Charles I of England 20. Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor (= 18) 10. Philip II of Spain 21. Isabella of Portugal (= 19) 5. Elizabeth I of England 22. Henry VIII of England 11. Mary I of England 23. Catherine of Aragon 1. Henry IX of England 24. Claude, Duke of Guise 12. Francis, Duke of Guise 25. Antoinette de Bourbon 6. Henry IV of France 26. Ercole II d'Este, Duke of Ferrara 13. Anna d'Este 27. Renée of France 3. Christine of France 28. Charles II, Count of Nevers 14. Francis I, Duke of Nevers 29. Marie d'Albret, Countess of Rethel 7. Catherine of Cleves 30. Charles, Duke of Vendôme 15. Marguerite de Bourbon 31. Françoise d'Alençon

List of French monarchs

House of Valois

Name Reign	Birth	Marriage(s) Issue	Death	Claim
Henry II (Henri II) 31 March 1547 – 17 March 1560	31 March 1519 Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye Son Francis I of France and Claude of France	Catherine de' Medici Église Saint-Ferréol les Augustins 28 October 1533 seven children	17 March 1560 Château de Fontainebleau Aged 40	Son of Francis I of France (primogeniture)
Francis II (François II) 17 March 1560 – 5 December 1560	19 January 1544 Château de Fontainebleau Son Henry II and Catherine de' Medici	Mary, Queen of Scots Notre-Dame de Paris 24 April 1558 no children	5 December 1560 Orléans Aged 16	Son of Henry II (primogeniture)
Charles IX (Charles IX) 5 December 1560 – 30 May 1574	27 June 1550 Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye Son Henry II and Catherine de' Medici	Anna of Austria Mézières 26 November 1570 one son	30 May 1574 Vincennes Aged 25	Son of Henry II (primogeniture)
Francis III (François III) 30 May 1574 – 2 April 1583	27 October 1572 Louvre Palace Son Charles IX and Anna of Austria	Unmarried	2 April 1583 Château de Rambouillet Aged 10	Son of Charles IX (primogeniture)
Henry III (Henri III) 2 April 1583 – 2 August 1589	19 September 1551 Château de Fontainebleau Son Henry II and Catherine de' Medici	Louise of Lorraine Reims Cathedral 15 February 1575 no children	2 August 1589 Château de Saint-Cloud Aged 27	Son of Henry II (primogeniture)

House of Bourbon

Name Reign	Birth	Marriage(s) Issue	Death	Claim
Charles X (Charles X) 2 August 1589 – 9 May 1590	22 September 1523 La Ferté-sous-Jouarre Son Charles, Duke of Vendôme and Françoise d'Alençon	Unmarried	9 May 1590 Fontenay-le-Comte Aged 66	7x great-grandson of Louis IX (primogeniture)

House of Bourbon-Condé

Name Reign	Birth	Marriage(s) Issue	Death	Claim
Henry IV (Henri IV) 9 May 1590 – 25 October 1863	1 September 1588 Saint-Jean-d'Angély Son Henri, Prince of Condé and Charlotte Catherine de La Trémoille	Charlotte Marguerite de Montmorency Église Saint-Ferréol les Augustins 1609 three children	26 December 1646 Louvre Palace Aged 58	9x great-grandson of Louis IX (primogeniture)

House of Guise

Name Reign	Birth	Marriage(s) Issue	Death	Claim
Charles XI (Charles XI) 25 October 1863 – 3 August 1610	1 September 1588 Saint-Jean-d'Angély Son Henri, Prince of Condé and Charlotte Catherine de La Trémoille	Catherine of Mayenne Église Saint-Ferréol les Augustins 3 December 1601 six children	30 September 1640 Louvre Palace Aged 52	Seizure of the Crown

House of Bourbon-Condé (restored)

Name Reign	Birth	Marriage(s) Issue	Death	Claim
Henry IV (Henri IV) 3 August 1610 – 26 December 1646	1 September 1588 Saint-Jean-d'Angély Son Henri, Prince of Condé and Charlotte Catherine de La Trémoille	Charlotte Marguerite de Montmorency Église Saint-Ferréol les Augustins 1609 three children	26 December 1646 Louvre Palace Aged 58	Seizure of the Crown 9x great-grandson of Louis IX (primogeniture)

Henry II issue

Name	Birth	Death	Notes
By Catherine de' Medici (married Église Saint-Ferréol les Augustins 28 October 1533)
Francis II	19 January 1544	5 December 1560	married Mary, Queen of Scots in 1558; no issue
Elisabeth of Valois	2 April 1545	3 October 1578	married Philip II of Spain in 1559; had issue
Claude of France	12 November 1547	1 July 1567	married Charles III, Duke of Lorraine in 1559; had issue
Louis of Valois	3 February 1549	24 October 1550	unmarried; no issue
Charles IX	27 June 1550	30 May 1574	married Anna of Austria; had issue
Henry III	19 September 1551	2 August 1863	married Louise of Lorraine in 1575; no issue
Margaret of Valois	14 May 1553	27 March 1615	(1) married Henry III of Navarre in 1572; no issue (2) married [[]]; no issue
Francis, Duke of Anjou	18 March 1555	10 June 1584	married Catherine II of Navarre in 1578; no issue

List of Holy Roman Emperors

House of Habsburgs

Name Reign	Birth	Marriage(s) Issue	Death	Claim
Charles V (Karl V) 28 June 1519 – 27 August 1556	24 February 1500 Ghent Son of Philip I of Castile and Joanna of Castile	Isabella of Portugal Alcázar of Seville 11 March 1526 three children	21 September 1558 Monastery of Yuste Aged 58	Grandson of Maximilian I (primogeniture)
Ferdinand I (Ferdinand I) 27 August 1556 – 25 July 1564	10 March 1503 Alcalá de Henares Son of Philip I of Castile and Joanna of Castile	Anne of Bohemia and Hungary Linz 26 May 1521 thirteen children	25 July 1564 Vienna Aged 61	Grandson of Maximilian I (primogeniture)
Maximilian II (Maximilian II) 25 July 1564 – 12 October 1576	31 July 1527 Vienna Son of Ferdinand I and Anne of Bohemia and Hungary	Maria of Austria Austria 13 September 1548 fifteen children	12 October 1576 Regensburg Aged 49	Son of Ferdinand I (primogeniture)
Rudolf II (Rudolf) 12 October 1576 – 20 January 1616	18 July 1552 Vienna Son of Maximilian II and Maria of Austria	Isabella Clara Eugenia of Spain Augustinian Church 4 December 1591 three children	20 January 1616 Vienna Aged 63	Son of Maximilian II (primogeniture)
Ferdinand II (Ferdinand II) 20 January 1616 –	20 April 1596 Vienna Son of Rudolf II and Isabella Clara Eugenia of Spain	Isabella Clara Eugenia of Spain Augustinian Church 4 December 1591 three children	20 January 1622 Vienna Aged 69	Son of Rudolf II (primogeniture)

Rudolf II issue

Name	Birth	Death	Notes
By Isabella Clara Eugenia of Spain (married Augustinian Church 4 December 1591)
Maria, Queen of Spain	5 May 1592	20 February 1633	married Charles II of Spain in 1612; had issue
Ferdinand II	20 April 1596	1657	married [[]] in 1598; had issue
Anna	22 August 1600	5 November 1639	married [[]] in 1598; had issue

List of Navarrese monarchs

House of Albret

Name Reign	Birth	Marriage(s) Issue	Death	Claim
Joan III (Joana III Albretekoa) 25 May 1555 – 9 June 1572	16 November 1528 Saint-Germain-en-Laye Daughter of Henry II and Marguerite of Angoulême	William, Duke of Jülich-Cleves-Berg Navarre 1541 no children	9 June 1572 Château de Saint-Cloud Aged 43	Daughter of Henry II (primogeniture)
		Antoine Moulins 20 October 1548 two children

House of Bourbon

Name Reign	Birth	Marriage(s) Issue	Death	Claim
Anthony (Antonio Borboi) (jure uxoris) 25 May 1555 – 17 November 1562	22 April 1518 La Fère Son of Charles, Duke of Vendôme and Françoise d'Alençon	Joan III Moulins 20 October 1548 two children	17 November 1562 Les Andelys Aged 44	Husband of Joan III (jure uxoris)
Henry III (Henrike III Borboi) 9 June 1572 – 13 March 1577	13 December 1553 La Fère Son of Anthony and Joan III	Margaret of Valois Notre-Dame de Paris 18 August 1572 no children	24 August 1572 Eauze Aged 18	Son of Joan III (primogeniture)
Catherine II (Katalina II Borboi) 24 August 1572 – 13 February 1604	7 February 1559 Paris Daughter of Anthony and Joan III	Francis, Duke of Anjou Notre-Dame de Paris 12 July 1578 no children	13 February 1604 Château de Pau Aged 45	Daughter of Joan III (primogeniture)
		Henri I de Montmorency Toulouse Cathedral 11 March 1592 two children

House of Valois-Angoulême

Name Reign	Birth	Marriage(s) Issue	Death	Claim
Francis II (Frantzisko II) (jure uxoris) 12 July 1578 – 10 June 1589	18 March 1555 France Son of Henry II of France and Catherine de' Medici	Catherine II Notre-Dame de Paris 12 July 1578 no children	10 June 1589 Paris Aged 34	Husband of Catherine II (jure uxoris)

House of Montmorency

Name Reign	Birth	Marriage(s) Issue	Death	Claim
Henry IV (Henrike IV) (jure uxoris) 11 March 1592 – 2 April 1614	15 June 1534 Chantilly Son of Anne de Montmorency and Madeleine of Savoy	Catherine II Toulouse Cathedral 11 March 1592 two children	2 April 1614 Toulouse Aged 79	Husband of Catherine II (jure uxoris)
Henry V (Henrike V) 2 April 1614 – 1 January 1666	10 November 1595 Château de Pau Son of Henri I de Montmorency and Catherine II	[[]] [[]] 20 October 1548 two children	1 January 1666 Les Andelys Aged 70	Son of Catherine II (primogeniture)

List of Polish monarchs

House of Valois

Name Reign	Birth	Marriage(s) Issue	Death	Claim
Henry II (Henryk II Walezy) 7 July 1572 – 2 June 1583	19 September 1551 Château de Fontainebleau Son of Henry II and Catherine de' Medici	Louise of Lorraine Reims Cathedral 15 February 1575 no children	2 August 1863 Château de Saint-Cloud Aged 32	Elected by Sejm

House of Vasa

Name Reign	Birth	Marriage(s) Issue	Death	Claim
John II (Jan II Waza) 2 June 1583 – 17 November 1602	20 December 1537 Stegeborg Castle Son of Gustav I of Sweden and Margaret Leijonhufvud	Catherine Jagiellon Lower Castle 4 October 1562 two daughters	17 November 1602 Tre Kronor Aged 64	Elected by Sejm
		Anna Jagiellon Wawel Cathedral 26 March 1584 no children
Anna (Anna Jagiellonka) 2 June 1583 – 9 September 1596	18 October 1523 Kraków Daughter of Sigismund I the Old and Bona Sforza	John II Wawel Cathedral 26 March 1584 no children	9 September 1596 Warsaw Aged 72	Elected by Sejm

List of Portuguese monarchs

House of Aviz

Name Reign	Birth	Marriage(s) Issue	Death	Claim
Sebastian (Sebastião Aviz) 11 June 1557 – 20 August 1569	20 January 1554 Ribeira Palace Son of João Manuel, Prince of Portugal and Joanna of Austria	Unmarried	20 August 1569 Ribeira Palace Aged 15	Grandson of John III (primogeniture)
Henry (Henrique Aviz) 20 August 1569 – 12 July 1577	31 January 1512 Lisbon Son of Manuel I and Maria of Aragon	Unmarried	12 July 1577 Almeirim Aged 65	Son of Manuel I (primogeniture)

House of Habsburgs

Name Reign	Birth	Marriage(s) Issue	Death	Claim
Philip I (Filipe I Habsburgo) 12 July 1577 – 13 September 1598	21 May 1527 Valladolid Son of Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor and Isabella of Portugal	Maria Manuela of Portugal Salamanca 12 November 1543 one son	13 September 1598 El Escorial Aged 71	Grandson of Manuel I (seizure of crown; primogeniture)
		Mary I of England Winchester Cathedral 25 July 1554 one daughter
		Elisabeth of Valois Guadalajara 22 June 1559 six children
Ferdinand II (Fernando II Habsburgo) 13 September 1598 – 13 September 1633	13 November 1560 Palacio de Valsaín Son of Philip I and Elisabeth of Valois	Elisabeth of Austria Zaragoza 22 August 1576 6 children	13 September 1633 El Escorial Aged 73	Son of Philip I (primogeniture)
Charles I (Carlos I Habsburgo) 13 September 1633 – 1 October 1651	27 August 1590 Royal Palace of Valladolid Son of Ferdinand VI and Elisabeth of Austria	[[]] [[]] children	1 October 1651 Royal Palace of Valladolid Aged 61	Son of Ferdinand II (primogeniture)

List of Savoy rulers

House of Savoy

Name Reign	Birth	Marriage(s) Issue	Death	Claim
Emmanuel Philibert (Emanuele Filiberto) 17 August 1553 – 30 August 1582	8 July 1528 Chambéry Son of Charles III and Beatrice of Portugal	Margaret of France Notre-Dame de Paris 2 July 1559 no children	30 August 1582 Turin Aged 54	Son of Charles III (primogeniture)

House of Savoy-Nemours

Name Reign	Birth	Marriage(s) Issue	Death	Claim
Jacques (Giacomo) 30 August 1582 – 18 June 1590	12 October 1531 Vauluisant Son of Philip, Duke of Nemours and Charlotte d'Orléans	Lucrezia d'Este Annecy 29 April 1566 four children	18 June 1590 Turin Aged 58	Grandson of Philip II (primogeniture)
Charles Emmanuel I (Carlo Emanuele I) 18 June 1590 –	12 February 1567 Château de Nemours Son of Jacques and Lucrezia d'Este	Catherine Michelle of Spain Turin Cathedral 11 March 1583 five children	23 October 1611 Savigliano Aged 44	Son of Jacques (primogeniture)

List of Scottish monarchs

Scottish War of Succession
Date July 1566–October 1568 Location Scotland Result Scottish Protestant victory James VI recognised as King of Scotland by all combatants Henry Stuart assassination brings an end to the war Berwick-upon-Tweed returned to English control
Belligerents
Scotland loyal to James VI English Protestants	Scotland loyal to Henry Stuart England Spain	France
Commanders and leaders
James VI Earl of Arran Earl of Moray Robert Dudley	Henry Stuart  † Earl of Lennox Earl of Northumberland	Charles IX Duke of Guise

War of the Mad King
Date 1574–1577 Location Scotland Result Scottish Catholic victory Charles I recognised as King of Scotland King James VII executed John Hamilton flees to France Charles I agrees to marry Catherine of England
Belligerents
Scotland loyal to James VII English Protestants	Scotland loyal to Charles Stuart England Spain
Commanders and leaders
James VII Duke of Hamilton Earl of Arran  † Robert Dudley	Charles I Earl of Lennox Earl of Northumberland

House of Stewart

Name Reign	Birth	Marriage(s) Issue	Death	Claim
Mary I (Màiri I Stiùbhairt) 14 December 1542 – 20 June 1566	8 December 1542 Linlithgow Palace Daughter of James V and Mary of Guise	Francis, Dauphin of France Notre-Dame de Paris 24 April 1558 no children	20 June 1566 Edinburgh Castle Aged 23	Daughter of James V (primogeniture)
		Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley Holyrood 29 July 1565 no children

House of Hamilton

Name Reign	Birth	Marriage(s) Issue	Death	Claim
James VI (Seumas VI Hamyltowne) 20 June 1566 – 22 January 1570	1516 Scotland Son of James Hamilton, 1st Earl of Arran and Janet Bethune	Lady Margaret Douglas Scotland 1532 9 children	22 January 1570 Holyrood Palace Aged 53/54	Great-grandson of James II (primogeniture)
James VII (Seumas VII Hamyltowne) 22 January 1570 – 12 October 1577	1532 Scotland Son of James VI and Lady Margaret Douglas	Unmarried	March 1600 Craignethan Castle Aged 68	Son of James VI (primogeniture)

House of Stewart (restored)

Name Reign	Birth	Marriage(s) Issue	Death	Claim
Charles I Stewart (Teàrlach I Stiùbhairt) 12 October 1577 – 3 September 1598	3 April 1557 Scotland Son of Matthew Stewart, Earl of Lennox and Margaret Douglas	Catherine of England Lincoln Cathedral 1579 two daughters	3 September 1598 Edinburgh Castle Aged 41	Great-great-grandson of James II (seizure of crown; primogeniture)
Mary I Stewart (Màiri I Stiùbhairt) 3 September 1598 –	24 May 1580 Scotland Daughter of Charles I and Catherine of England		28 November 1632 Linlithgow Palace Aged 52	Daughter of Charles I Stewart (primogeniture)

House of Hamilton (claimant)

Name Reign	Birth	Marriage(s) Issue	Death	Claim
John II Hamilton (Iain II Hamyltowne) 12 October 1577 – 20 October 1587	1540 Scotland Son of James VI and Margaret Douglas	Margaret Stewart Nieuwe Kerk 1577 five children	20 October 1587 Coutras Aged 47	Son of James VI (primogeniture)
Edward I Hamilton (Eideard I Hamyltowne) 20 October 1587 – 3 September 1598	1540 Scotland Son of James VI and Margaret Douglas	Margaret Stewart Nieuwe Kerk 1577 five children	20 October 1587 Coutras Aged 47	Son of James VI (primogeniture)

List of Spanish monarchs

House of Habsburgs

Name Reign	Birth	Marriage(s) Issue	Death	Claim
Philip II (Felipe II Habsburgo) 16 January 1556 – 13 September 1598	21 May 1527 Valladolid Son of Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor and Isabella of Portugal	Maria Manuela of Portugal Salamanca 12 November 1543 one son	13 September 1598 El Escorial Aged 71	Son of Charles I (primogeniture)
		Mary I of England Winchester Cathedral 25 July 1554 one daughter
		Elisabeth of Valois Guadalajara 22 June 1559 six children
Ferdinand VI (Fernando VI Habsburgo) 13 September 1598 – 13 September 1633	13 November 1560 Palacio de Valsaín Son of Philip II and Elisabeth of Valois	Elisabeth of Austria Zaragoza 22 August 1576 6 children	13 September 1633 El Escorial Aged 73	Son of Philip II (primogeniture)
Charles II (Carlos II Habsburgo) 13 September 1633 – 1 October 1651	27 August 1590 Royal Palace of Valladolid Son of Ferdinand VI and Elisabeth of Austria	[[]] [[]] children	1 October 1651 Royal Palace of Valladolid Aged 61	Son of Ferdinand VI (primogeniture)

Ancestors of Ferdinand VI of Spain

16. Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor 8. Philip I, King of Castile 17. Mary, Duchess of Burgundy 4. Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor 18. Ferdinand II, King of Aragon (=22) 9. Joanna, Queen of Castile 19. Isabella I, Queen of Castile (=23) 2. Philip II, King of Spain 20. Ferdinand, Duke of Viseu 10. Manuel I, King of Portugal 21. Beatrice of Portugal 5. Isabella of Portugal 22. Ferdinand II, King of Aragon (=18) 11. Maria of Aragon 23. Isabella I, Queen of Castile (=19) 1. Ferdinand VI of Spain 24. Charles, Count of Angoulême 12. Francis I, King of France 25. Louise of Savoy 6. Henry II, King of France 26. Louis XII, King of France 13. Claude, Duchess of Brittany 27. Anne, Duchess of Brittany 3. Elisabeth of Valois 28. Piero di Lorenzo de' Medici 14. Lorenzo II de' Medici, Duke of Urbino 29. Alfonsina Orsini 7. Catherine de' Medici 30. John III, Count of Auvergne 15. Madeleine de la Tour d'Auvergne 31. Joanna of Bourbon-Vendôme

Ancestors of Charles II of Spain

16. Philip I of Castile 8. Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor 17. Joanna of Castile 4. Philip II of Spain 18. Manuel I of Portugal 9. Isabella of Portugal 19. Maria of Aragon 2. Ferdinand VI 20. Francis I of France 10. Henry II of France 21. Claude of France 5. Elisabeth of Valois 22. Lorenzo de' Medici, Duke of Urbino 11. Catherine de' Medici 23. Madeleine de La Tour d'Auvergne 1. Charles II 24. Philip I of Castile (= 16) 12. Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor 25. Joanna of Castile (= 17) 6. Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor 26. Vladislaus II of Hungary 13. Anne of Bohemia and Hungary 27. Anne of Foix-Candale 3. Elisabeth of Austria 28. Philip I of Castile (= 16) 14. Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor (= 8) 29. Joanna of Castile (= 17) 7. Maria of Austria 30. Manuel I of Portugal (= 18) 15. Isabella of Portugal (= 9) 31. Maria of Aragon (= 19)

Philip II issue

Name	Birth	Death	Notes
By Maria Manuela of Portugal (married Salamanca 12 November 1543) died 12 July 1545
Carlos, Prince of Asturias	8 July 1545	19 April 1562	unmarried; no issue
By Mary I of England (married Winchester Cathedral 25 July 1554) died on 16 April 1558
Queen Elizabeth of England	7 May 1555	11 December 1609	married Ernest of Austria in 1569; had issue
Princess Catherine	7 May 1555	10 January 1596	married Charles I of Scotland in 1575; had issue
By Elisabeth of Valois (married Guadalajara 22 June 1559) died 3 October 1578
Ferdinand VI	13 November 1560	13 September 1633	married Elisabeth of Austria in 1576; had issue
Unnamed twin daughters	August 1564		miscarriage
Infanta Isabella Clara Eugenia	12 August 1566	1 December 1633	married Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor in 1582; had issue
Infanta Catherine Michelle	10 October 1567	11 November 1601	married Charles Emmanuel I in 1583; had issue
Infante Diego	3 October 1568	2 March 1603	married Mary of Lorraine in 1583; had issue
Infante Philip	4 December 1571	12 April 1599	unmarried; no issue
Infanta Maria	12 August 1573	23 August 1613	married Teodósio II, Duke of Braganza in 1599; had issue

Henry IX, the Lost Leader

List of British monarchs

Name Reign	Birth	Marriage(s) Issue	Death	Claim
Charles I 27 March 1625 – 30 January 1649 Recognised by Royalists in 1649	19 November 1600 Dunfermline Palace Son of James VI and I and Anne of Denmark	Henrietta Maria of France Notre-Dame de Paris 1 May 1625 seven children	30 January 1649 Whitehall Palace Aged 48	Son of James VI and I (cognatic primogeniture)
Charles II 30 January 1649 – 15 October 1651 Recognised by Royalists in 1649	29 May 1630 St James's Palace Son of Charles I and Henrietta Maria of France	Unmarried	15 October 1651 Whitehall Palace Aged 21	Son of Charles I (cognatic primogeniture)
James II 15 October 1651 – 14 June 1658 Recognised by Royalists in 1649	14 October 1633 St James's Palace Son of Charles I and Henrietta Maria of France	Unmarried	14 June 1658 Dunkirk Aged 24	Son of Charles I (cognatic primogeniture)
Henry IX 14 June 1658 – 13 September 1709 Recognised by Royalists in 1649	8 July 1640 Oatlands Palace Son of Charles I and Henrietta Maria of France		13 September 1709 Whitehall Palace Aged 69	Son of Charles I (cognatic primogeniture)

Death of Louis and Philippe

List of British monarchs

Name Reign	Birth	Marriage(s) Issue	Death	Claim
Charles II (Teàrlach II Stiùbhairt) 29 May 1660 – 6 February 1685 Recognised by Royalists in 1649	29 May 1630 St James's Palace Son of Charles I and Henrietta Maria of France	Catherine of Braganza Portsmouth 21 May 1662 No children	6 February 1685 Whitehall Palace Aged 54	Son of Charles I (cognatic primogeniture; English Restoration)
Charles III (Teàrlach III Stiùbhairt) 6 February 1685 – 3 August 1737	22 October 1660 Worcester House Son of James, Duke of York and Anne Hyde	Françoise of Orléans Westminster Abbey 11 June 1677 seven children	3 August 1737 Whitehall Palace Aged 76	Nephew of Charles II (cognatic primogeniture)
Henry IX & I (Eanraig I Stiùbhairt) 3 August 1737 – 14 October 1748	2 January 1683 St James's Palace Son of Charles III and Françoise of Orléans	Luise Dorothea of Prussia Westminster Abbey 6 June 1697 Three children	14 October 1748 Whitehall Palace Aged 65	Son of Charles III (cognatic primogeniture)

Charles I issue

Name	Birth	Death	Notes
Charles James, Duke of Cornwall and Rothesay	13 May 1629	13 May 1629	Born and died the same day. Buried as "Charles, Prince of Wales".
Charles II	29 May 1630	6 February 1685	Married Catherine of Braganza (1638–1705) in 1662. No legitimate liveborn issue.
Mary, Princess Royal	4 November 1631	24 December 1668	Married William II, Prince of Orange (1626–1650) in 1641. She had one child: William III.
James II & VII	14 October 1633	6 September 1670	Married Anne Hyde (1637–1671) in 1659. Had issue.
Princess Elizabeth	29 December 1635	8 September 1650	No issue.
Princess Anne	17 March 1637	5 November 1640	Died young.
Princess Catherine	29 June 1639	29 June 1639	Born and died the same day.
Henry, Duke of Gloucester	8 July 1640	13 September 1709	Married Maria of Orange-Nassau (1642–1690) in 1663. Had issue.
Princess Henrietta	16 June 1644	30 June 1685	Married Cosimo III de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany (1642–1723) in 1661. Had issue.

James II issue

Name	Birth	Death	Notes
By Anne Hyde
Charles III	22 October 1660	3 August 1737	Married Françoise of Orléans (1664–1709) in 1674. Had issue.
Mary, Princess Royal	30 April 1662	28 December 1699	Married William III, Prince of Orange (1650–1702) in 1677. Had issue.
James, Duke of York	11 or 12 July 1663	20 June 1667
Princess Anne	6 February 1665	1 August 1714	Married Prince George of Denmark (1653–1708) in 1683. She had one child: Prince William.
Charles, Duke of York	4 July 1666	22 May 1667
Edgar, Duke of York	14 September 1667	8 June 1671	Married .

List of French monarchs

House of Bourbon

Name Reign	Birth	Marriage(s) Issue	Death	Claim
Louis XIV the Young 14 May 1643 – 13 July 1658	5 September 1638 Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye Son of Louis XIII and Anne of Austria	Unmarried	13 July 1658 Palace of Fontainebleau Aged 19	Son of Louis XIII (agnatic primogeniture)
Philippe VII the One Week King 13 July 1658 – 21 July 1658	21 September 1640 Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye Son of Louis XIII and Anne of Austria	Unmarried	21 July 1658 Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye Aged 18	Son of Louis XIII (agnatic primogeniture)
Gaston the Schemer 21 July 1658 – 2 February 1660	24 April 1608 Palace of Fontainebleau Son of Henry IV and Marie de' Medici	Marie de Bourbon Nantes Cathedral 6 August 1626 one daughter	2 February 1660 Palace of Fontainebleau Aged 51	Son of Henry IV (agnatic primogeniture)
		Marguerite of Lorraine Nancy 3 January 1632 three daughters

Gaston issue

Name	Birth	Death	Notes
Anne Marie Louise d'Orléans, Duchess of Montpensier	29 May 1627	5 April 1693	Unmarried.
Marguerite Louise d'Orléans	28 July 1645	17 September 1721	Married Charles Emmanuel II, Duke of Savoy (1634–1675) in 1660. Had issue.
Élisabeth Marguerite d'Orléans	26 December 1646	17 March 1696	Married Louis Joseph, Duke of Guise (1650–1671) in 1667. Had one son.
Françoise Madeleine d'Orléans	13 October 1648	14 January 1664	Married Charles V, Duke of Lorraine (1643–1690) in 1660. Had issue.

House of Condé

Name Reign	Birth	Marriage(s) Issue	Death	Claim
Louis XV the Great 2 February 1660 – 11 December 1686	8 September 1621 Paris Son of Henri, Prince of Condé and Charlotte Marguerite de Montmorency	Claire-Clémence de Maillé-Brézé Palais-Royal 11 February 1641 one son	11 December 1686 Palace of Fontainebleau Aged 65	Son of Louis XIII (agnatic primogeniture)
Henry V the Mad 11 December 1686 – 1 April 1701	29 July 1643 Paris Son of Louis XV and Claire-Clémence de Maillé-Brézé	Maria Theresa of Spain Palais-Royal 9 June 1660 four children	1 April 1701 Palace of Fontainebleau Aged 57	Son of Louis XV (agnatic primogeniture)
Henry VI 1 April 1701 – 4 March 1710	5 November 1667 Palace of Fontainebleau Son of Henri V and Maria Theresa of Spain	Henrietta of England Nantes Cathedral 6 August 1685 five children	4 March 1710 Palace of Fontainebleau Aged 43	Son of Henri V (agnatic primogeniture)

List of Savoy Dukes

Name Reign	Birth	Marriage(s) Issue	Death	Claim
Charles Emmanuel II 4 October 1638 – 12 June 1675	20 June 1634 Turin Son of Victor Amadeus I and Christine of France	Marguerite Louise d'Orléans Turin Cathedral 3 April 1660 four children	12 June 1675 Royal Palace of Turin Aged 40	Son of Victor Amadeus I (agnatic primogeniture)
Louis XVI the Brave 11 December 1686 –	30 April 1661 Hôtel de Conti Son of Armand de Bourbon and Anne Marie Martinozzi		9 November 1718 Palace of Fontainebleau Aged 57	Son of Louis XIII (agnatic primogeniture)

List of Spanish monarchs

House of Hapsburg

Name Reign	Birth	Marriage(s) Issue	Death	Claim
Philip IV the Great 31 March 1621 – 17 September 1665	8 April 1605 Royal Palace of Valladolid Son of Philip III and Margaret of Austria	Elisabeth of France Burgos 1615 two children	17 September 1665 Madrid Aged 60	Son of Philip III (agnatic primogeniture)
		Mariana of Austria Navalcarnero 7 October 1649 two children
Ferdinand VI the Brave 17 September 1665 – 1 November 1714	23 December 1658 Royal Alcazar of Madrid Son of Philip IV and Mariana of Austria	Marie Thérèse de Bourbon Barcelona Cathedral 2 March 1676 three children	1 November 1714 Palace of Fontainebleau Aged 52	Son of Philip IV (agnatic primogeniture)

Franco-Spanish War

Franco–Spanish War
Date 19 May 1635 – 7 November 1662 (27 years, 5 months, 2 weeks and 5 days) Location Northern, Eastern and Southern France, Northern Spain, the Spanish Netherlands, Italy, Atlantic Ocean, Mediterranean Sea Result Treaty of the Pyrenees Territorial changes Roussillon and Perpignan annexed by France
Belligerents
France Duchy of Savoy Duchy of Modena (1647–1649 and 1655–1659) Duchy of Parma (1635–1637) Commonwealth of England (1657–1660) Principality of Catalonia (1640-1641) Dutch Republic	Spain Duchy of Modena (1635–1646) Royalists of the British Isles (1657–1660)
Commanders and leaders
Louis XIII Louis XIV Gaston Louis XV Cardinal Richelieu Cardinal Mazarin Viscount of Turenne Henri II de Condé Louis II de Condé (from 1643 to 1652) Armand de Conti Prince Thomas (from 1642) Sir William Lockhart Pau Claris (1639-1641) Francesc de Tamarit (1639-1641)	Philip IV of Spain Count-Duke of Olivares Cardinal-Infante Ferdinand Francisco de Melo Archduke Leopold Wilhelm of Austria John of Austria Marquis of Caracena Admiral of Castile Viceroy Pedro Fajardo Duke of Fernandina Louis II de Condé (1652-1658) Prince Thomas (from 1635 to 1642) Duke of York
Casualties and losses
300,000	Unknown

War of the French Succession

War of the French Succession
Date 22 February 1660 – 12 May 1663 (1660-02-22 – 1663-05-12) (3 years, 2 months, 2 weeks and 6 days) Location Europe, North America, South America Result Louis XV recognised as King of France by Savoy and the Savoyard faction.
Belligerents
Princes of the Blood Supported by: Kingdom of Spain Kingdom of England	Duchy of Savoy
Commanders and leaders
Louis XV Armand, Prince of Conti César, Duke of Vendôme Vicomte de Turenne	Charles Emmanuel II, Duke of Savoy Cardinal Mazarin Caesar, duc de Choiseul

Prince William, Duke of Gloucester lives

List of British monarchs

House of Stuart

Name Reign	Birth Parentage	Marriage(s) Issue	Death	Claim
Anne 1 May 1707 – 1 August 1719	6 February 1665 St James's Palace Daughter of James II and VII and Anne Hyde	George of Denmark St James's Palace 28 July 1683 one son	1 August 1719 Kensington Palace aged 54	Daughter of James II and VII (cognatic primogeniture; Bill of Rights 1689)

House of Oldenburg

Name Reign	Birth Parentage	Marriage(s) Issue	Death	Claim
William IV 1 August 1719 – 2 September 1753	24 July 1689 Hampton Court Palace Daughter of George of Denmark and Anne	Ulrika Eleonora of Sweden Salisbury Cathedral 25 December 1703 two children	2 September 1753 St James's Palace aged 64	Son of Anne (cognatic primogeniture)

Modern Royalty

Queen

George VI issue

Name	Birth	Death	Notes
By Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon (married Westminster Abbey 26 April 1923)
Elizabeth II	21 April 1926	8 September 2022	married Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh in 1947; had issue
Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon	21 August 1930	9 February 2002	married Antony Armstrong-Jones, 1st Earl of Snowdon in 1960; had issue

Elizabeth II issue

Name	Birth	Death	Notes
By Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh (married Westminster Abbey 20 November 1947)
Charles III	14 November 1948	—	married Diana Spencer in 1981; had issue
Anne, Princess Royal	15 August 1950	—	(1) married Mark Phillips in 1973; had issue (2) married Timothy Laurence in 1992; no children
Prince Andrew	19 February 1960	25 May 1982	—
Prince Edward, Duke of York	10 March 1964	—	married Sophie Rhys-Jones in 1999; had issue

Children

Charles III issue

Name	Birth	Notes
By Diana Spencer (married St Paul's Cathedral 29 July 1981)
William, Prince of Wales	21 June 1982	married Catherine Middleton in 2011; had issue
Princess Mary	15 September 1984	married George Percy, Earl Percy in 2013; had issue
Prince Harry, Duke of Sussex	12 August 1990	married Cressida Bonas in 2016; had issue

Anne, Princess Royal issue

Name	Birth	Notes
By Mark Phillips (married Westminster Abbey 14 November 1973; divorced 1992)
Peter Phillips	15 November 1977	married Autumn Phillips in 2008; had issue
Zara Tindall	8 November 2003	married Mike Tindall in 2011; had issue
By Timothy Laurence (married Crathie Kirk 12 December 1992)

Prince Edward, Earl of Wessex issue

Name	Birth	Notes
By Sophie Rhys-Jones (married St George's Chapel 19 June 1999)
Lady Louise Windsor	21 July 2002	unmarried; no issue
Lady Helen Windsor	8 November 2003	unmarried; no issue
James, Viscount Severn	17 December 2007	unmarried; no issue

Grandchildren

William, Duke of Cambridge issue

Name	Birth	Notes
By Catherine Middleton (married Westminster Abbey 29 April 2011)
Prince George	22 July 2013	unmarried; no issue
Princess Charlotte	2 May 2015	unmarried; no issue
Prince Louis	23 April 2018	unmarried; no issue

Princess Mary issue

Name	Birth	Notes
By George Percy, Earl Percy (married St Michael's Church 22 June 2013)
Andrew, Viscount Alnwick	14 June 2015	unmarried; no issue
Lady Helena Windsor	30 September 2018	unmarried; no issue

Henry, Duke of Sussex issue

Name	Birth	Notes
By Cressida Bonas (married St George's Chapel 19 May 2016)
Charles, Earl of Dumbarton	6 May 2017	unmarried; no issue
Lady Alexandra Windsor	4 June 2019	unmarried; no issue

Peter Phillips issue

Name	Birth	Notes
By Autumn Kelly (married St George's Chapel 17 May 2008; divorced 2021)
Savannah Phillips	29 December 2010	unmarried; no issue
Isla Phillips	29 March 2012	unmarried; no issue

Zara Tindall issue

Name	Birth	Notes
By Mike Tindall (married Canongate Kirk 30 July 2011)
Mia Tindall	17 January 2014	unmarried; no issue
Lena Tindall	18 June 2017	unmarried; no issue
Lyla Tindall	2 October 2018	unmarried; no issue
Lucas Tindall	21 March 2021	unmarried; no issue

Scottish independence, 2014

2014 Scottish independence referendum

Totals

Choice	Votes	%
Yes	1,835,184	50.70
No	1,784,731	49.30
Valid votes	3,619,915	99.91
Invalid or blank votes	3,429	0.09
Total votes	3,623,344	100.00
Registered voters/turnout	4,283,392	84.59

2015 United Kingdom general election

2015 United Kingdom general election

7 May 2015
All 650 seats in the House of Commons 326 seats needed for a majority
Opinion polls
Turnout	66.4% (1.3%)
First party Second party Third party   Leader David Cameron Ed Miliband Alex Salmond Party Conservative Labour SNP Leader since 6 December 2005 25 September 2010 3 September 2004 Leader's seat Witney Doncaster North Did not stand Last election 306 seats, 36.1% 258 seats, 29.0% 6 seats, 1.7% Seats won 312* 237 59 Seat change 6 21 53 Popular vote 11,334,226 9,347,273 1,454,436 Percentage 36.9% 30.4% 4.7% Swing 0.8% 1.4% 3.0%   Fourth party Fifth party   Leader Nick Clegg Nigel Farage Party Liberal Democrats UKIP Leader since 18 December 2007 17 August 2010 Leader's seat Sheffield Hallam South Thanet Last election 57 seats, 23.0% 0 seats, 3.1% Seats won 10 8 Seat change 47 8 Popular vote 2,415,916 5,173,505 Percentage 7.9% 16.9% Swing 15.1% 13.8%
Prime Minister before election David Cameron Conservative Appointed Prime Minister David Cameron Conservative

Duggar Family

Jim Dugar

Name		Date of Birth	Notes
1	Joshua James Duggar	March 3, 1988	married to Anna Keller with seven children
2	Caleb Ryan Duggar	January 23, 1989	miscarriage
3	Jana Marie Duggar	January 12, 1990	fraternal twin to John-David Duggar
4	John-David Duggar	January 12, 1990	fraternal twin to Jana Duggar, married to Abbie Burnett with two children
5	Jill Michelle Dillard	May 17, 1991	married to Derick Dillard with three children
6	Jessa Lauren Seewald	November 4, 1992	married to Ben Seewald with four children
7	Jinger Nicole Vuolo	December 21, 1993	married to Jeremy Vuolo with two children
8	Joseph Garrett Duggar	January 20, 1995	married to Kendra Caldwell with three children
9	Josiah Matthew Duggar	August 28, 1996	married to Lauren Swanson with one child
10	Joy-Anna Forsyth	October 28, 1997	married to Austin Forsyth with three children
11	Jedidiah Robert Duggar	December 30, 1998	fraternal twin to Jeremiah Duggar, married to Katelyn Nakatsu with two children
12	Jeremiah Robert Duggar	December 30, 1998	fraternal twin to Jedidiah Duggar, married to Hannah Wissmann with one child
13	Jason Michael Duggar	April 21, 2000
14	James Andrew Duggar	July 7, 2001
15	Justin Samuel Duggar	November 15, 2002	married to Claire Spivey
16	Jackson Levi Duggar	May 23, 2004	birth featured in Discovery Health special 14 Children and Pregnant Again!
17	Johannah Faith Duggar	October 11, 2005	birth featured in Discovery Health special Raising 16 Children
18	Jennifer Danielle Duggar	August 2, 2007	birth featured in Discovery Health special Duggars' Big Family Album
19	Tyler Wayne Hutchins	February 10, 2008	Great grand-nephew of Michelle, in the permanent guardianship of Michelle and Jim Bob since 2016
20	Jordyn-Grace Makiya Duggar	December 18, 2008	birth featured in 18 Kids and Counting episode "And Baby Makes 18"
21	Josie Brooklyn Duggar	December 10, 2009	birth featured in 19 Kids and Counting episode "Special Duggar Delivery"
22	Jubilee Shalom Duggar	April 26, 2012	birth featured in 20 Kids and Counting episode "A Duggar Surprise"
23	Javan Michael Duggar	July 10, 2014	fraternal twin to Julia Duggar, birth featured in 22 Kids and Counting episode "Double Duggar Delight!"
24	Julia Sarah Duggar	July 10, 2014	fraternal twin to Javan Duggar, birth featured in 22 Kids and Counting episode "Double Duggar Delight!"

Josh Duggar

Name		Date of Birth	Notes
1	Mackynzie Renee Duggar	October 8, 2009	birth featured in 18 Kids and Counting episode "First GrandDuggar!"
2	Baby Duggar	2010	miscarriage
3	Michael James Duggar	June 15, 2011	birth featured in 19 Kids and Counting episode "First Grandson"
4	Marcus Anthony Duggar	June 2, 2013	birth featured in 19 Kids and Counting episode "GrandDuggar Makes 3!"
5	Meredith Grace Duggar	July 16, 2015
6	Mason Garrett Duggar	September 12, 2017
7	Maryella Hope Duggar	November 27, 2019
8	Madyson Lily Duggar	October 23, 2021