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Steve Blank

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Steve Blank
Blank, Steven Gary
Born1953 (age 70–71)
New York City
Alma materUniversity of Michigan (dropped out)
OccupationEntrepreneur
Known forcustomer development methodology

Steve Blank (born 1953) is an American entrepreneur, educator, author and speaker.[1] He created the customer development method that launched the lean startup movement. His work has influenced modern entrepreneurship through the creation of tools and processes for new ventures which differ from those used in large companies.[2]

Between 1978 and 2002, Blank worked at eight different technology startups, founding, or co-founding, four of them.[3]

Blank created the Lean Launchpad class and I-Corps curriculum[4] which became the standard for science commercialization for the National Science Foundation, the National Institutes of Health and the U.S. Department of Energy. As of 2023, more than 3,051 teams and 1,300 startups have employed Blank’s methodologies.[5]

Blank is co-creator of the U.S. Department of Defense's[6]Hacking for Defense program,[7][8] and served on the Defense Business Board[9][10]and the U.S. Navy’s Science and Technological Board.[11] He is co-creator of the Gordian Knot Center for National Security Innovation at Stanford University.[12]

Early life, education and military service

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Blank was born to immigrant parents in the Chelsea neighborhood in New York City.[13] He attended the University of Michigan for one semester.[13] Blank spent four years in the U.S. Air Force during the Vietnam War.[13] While serving in the Air Force, Blank was stationed in three different bases in Thailand maintaining and repairing electronic warfare and electronic intelligence systems on F-105G,[14] F-4, and A-7 aircraft.[15] He then returned to the U.S. to work on B-52 bombers in Oscoda, Michigan.[16]

Entrepreneurial Career

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Blank's first job in Silicon Valley was as an instructor in the training department of Electromagnetic Systems Laboratory (ESL), a unit of TRW.[17] ESL was founded by William Perry.[18] The company helped the government understand the Soviets' technological and arms developments during the Cold War.

Blank spent the next two decades in the high tech industry founding, or as part of eight startups in a variety of advanced technologies including Zilog and MIPS Computers, Convergent Technologies, Ardent, SuperMac Technologies, and Rocket Science Games.[18]

Blank co-founded his last startup, the customer relationship management (CRM) provider E.piphany, in 1996 and retired the day before its IPO in September 1999.[19]

Academic teaching career

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Steve Blank standing and giving a lecture at Stanford University in 2024
Steve Blank giving a lecture at Stanford University in 2024.

In 2001, Blank was invited to lecture at U.C. Berkeley as part of the Lester Center for Entrepreneurship at the Haas School of Business.[20] He went on to teach a class on Customer Development at the school from 2003 through 2017.[21] He began teaching at Stanford University’s Engineering School in the Technology Ventures Program in 2004.[22]

In January 2011, Blank created the Lean LaunchPad class at Stanford University. The class combined experiential learning with the three building blocks of a successful lean startup: Alexander Osterwalder's Business Model Canvas,[23] Blank's customer development model,[24] and Agile Engineering. Rather than relying on the traditional business school practice of teaching students how to write a standard business plan, or simply build a product,[25] the Lean Launchpad course assumed that all the students have a series of untested hypotheses about a venture and need to get out of the classroom to validate them.[26]

In 2012 Blank collaborated with the National Science Foundation and Venturewell to create educator courses and training material for NSF and Lean LaunchPad Instructors.[27] From 2012 to 2021 he concurrently taught the Lean Launchpad class at Columbia University.[28]

Blank partnered with University of California at San Francisco and the National Science Foundation in 2013 to offer the Lean LaunchPad class for Life Science and Healthcare (therapeutics, diagnostics, devices and digital health.)[29] In 2014, in conjunction with the National Institute of Health,[30] Blank took the UCSF curriculum and developed the I-Corps@NIH program.[31]

Blank co-created Hacking for Defense and Hacking for Diplomacy courses at Stanford University in 2016. [32] He went on to apply the same customer development approach to large social and environmental problems with courses including Hacking for Oceans, Climate[33] and Hacking for Impact in 2022.[13] Both the Lean LaunchPad and Hacking for Defense curricula uses the customer development methodology and lean startup methods developed by Blank during his career as a serial entrepreneur.[13]

In 2020, Blank co-created the Technology Innovation and Great Power Competition class in Stanford’s Center for International Security and Cooperation (CISAC).[34] Later that year he co-founded the Stanford Gordian Knot Center for National Security Innovation.[35]

Blank co-created the Wicked Problems, Systems Dynamics, and Entrepreneurial Innovation class as a summer course at Imperial College in London in 2023.[36]

Philosophy and work

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Customer development methodology and Lean Startup movement

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Blank began to develop the customer development methodology in the mid-1990s[37]

Customer Development[38] assumes that early ventures have untested hypotheses about their business model. Customer development starts with the insight that there are no facts inside your building so entrepreneurs need to get outside to find, test and validate them.[37]

The hypotheses testing emulates the scientific method – pose a business model hypothesis, design an experiment, get out of the building and test it. Take the data and derive some insight to either (1) Validate the hypothesis, (2) Invalidate the Hypothesis, or (3) Modify the hypothesis.[2] [39]

Blank's Customer Development methodology has been popularized by Eric Ries.[40] Blank refined the ideas around 2004 when he was an investor and advisor to IMVU, a company co-founded by Ries. Ries had observed that Customer Development was a natural pair to the Agile Development method that engineers were adopting.[2]

The lean startup has been adopted by entrepreneurs worldwide[41] as an efficient and repeatable way to search for product/market fit.[2] Reis has integrated the customer development methodology into the lean startup practices and considers it to be one of the lean startup movement's pillars.[42] Blank’s version of the Lean Methodology includes Customer Development, Agile Engineering and added the Business Model Canvas developed by Alexander Osterwalder.[43]

Lean LaunchPad and the I-Corps (Innovation Corps)

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Main article: Lean Launchpad

In July 2011 the National Science Foundation (NSF) asked Blank to adapt his Lean LaunchPad class to help scientists who were applying for an SBIR grant learn how to commercialize their academic inventions.[44] The NSF later adopted Blank's Stanford class and renamed it the Innovation Corps (I-Corps).[45] The course became the standard for science commercialization, serving as the syllabus of I-Corps at the National Science Foundation Innovation Corps, National Institutes of Health (NIH),[46] and the United States Department of Energy (DOE). The methodology is taught at 100 universities and has been employed to drive innovation within agencies of the United States government.[47]

As of 2023, the I-Corps program has been used to train more than 9,330 scientists and engineers within the NSF, NIH, and the DOE.[48] Nearly 1400 I-Corps teams at the NSF have launched startups raising more than $3.166 billion. Over 300 I-Corps teams at NIH have collectively raised $634 million. DOE I-Corps teams have raised roughly $151 million in additional funding.[48]

Mission-driven Entrepreneurship

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In 2016, Blank along with Peter Newell, and Joe Felter co-created the first of a series of mission-driven entrepreneurship classes based on the Lean Method - Hacking for Defense at Stanford University.[49] This course teaches students to work with Defense and Intelligence communities on national security problems and develop solutions using the Lean Startup method.[50] The course allows students to serve their country in a nontraditional way.[51]

Also in 2016, the U.S. Department of State asked if Blank could create a version of the class, Hacking For Diplomacy, to have students work on State department problems.[52] Blank co-created the class at Stanford with Professor Jeremy Weinstein and State Department representative to Silicon Valley Zvika Krieger.[53]

As of 2021 the course is now offered in 55 universities in the U.S. via the National Security Innovation Network as well as in Australia and the UK.

Other mission-driven “Hacking” courses followed including Hacking for Oceans,[54] and Hacking for Local.[55]

In 2020 in the midst of the Covid pandemic Blank created a series of classes called Hacking for Recovery to help business adapt their business models in the crisis.[56] The class was subsequently adopted by the State of Hawaii.[57]

Defense and national security

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In 2009, Blank began delivering a lecture titled “The Secret History of Silicon Valley”[58] to explain how the U.S. Department of Defense and the broader intelligence community accidentally created the entrepreneurial ecosystem in Silicon Valley. [[59] [60]

Blank, along with Joe Felter and Raj Shah,[61] founded the Gordian Knot Center for National Security Innovation at Stanford University in 2021[62] Funded by the U.S. Navy’s Office of Naval Research (ONR), the center connects defense, commercial, and academic organizations.[63]

Public service and philanthropy

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Blank joined the Audubon California Board of Directors in 2000, serving as Chairman from 2005 until 2010.[64]

Blank made a $1 million donation to the Peninsula Open Space Trust in 2004.[65] He later served on the board from 2007 to 2011.[66] During that same period he served as a trustee of University of California at Santa Cruz foundation.[67]

In 2007 he was appointed to the California Coastal Commission and served until 2013.[68] He has also served on the board of the California League of Conservation Voters.[69]

Blank served as a member of the Defense Business Board[70] in 2020.[10] In 2023 he was appointed to the United States Department of the Navy’s Science and Technology Advisory board, heading the Innovation Group.[11]

Personal life

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Blank has given commencement addresses at Philadelphia University (2011),[71] University of Minnesota (2013),[72] ESADE Business School in Barcelona (2014),[73] New York University Engineering School (2016),[74] Dalhousie University (2017)[75] and UC Santa Cruz (2019).[76]

Blank hosted the SiriusXM radio show “Entrepreneurs are Everywhere'' from 2015-2016.[citation needed]

In 2019 Blank collaborated with the Common Mission Project to host the Lean Innovation Educators Conference.[77] The event drew educators from universities around the world to share best practices for teaching entrepreneurship.[78]

Awards and honors

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  • 2009 Silicon Valley Mercury News Top 10 Influencers in Silicon Valley[79]
  • 2012 The Harvard Business Review "One of 12 Masters of Innovation"[80]
  • 2012 CNBC "11 Notable Entrepreneurs Teaching the Next Generation"[81]
  • 2013 SVForum Visionary Award[82]
  • 2014 National Science Foundation and the NCIIA Outstanding Leadership Award [83]
  • 2015 Columbia University Senior Fellow for Entrepreneurship[84]
  • 2015 The Thinkers50 global ranking of management thinkers[85]
  • 2017 Columbia University Senior Fellow for Entrepreneurship[84]
  • 2019 U.S. Association for Small Business and Entrepreneurship (USASBE) 2019 John E. Hughes Award for Entrepreneurial Achievement[86]
  • 2021 United States Congress, Congressional Honors[87]
  • 2023 Stanford University department of Management Science and Engineering, Graduate Teaching Award [88]

Bibliography

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Books

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  • Blank, Steve (2005) The Four Steps to the Epiphany: Successful Strategies for Products that Win, Wiley, ISBN 978-1119690351 [89] [90]
  • Blank, Steve (2010) Not All Those Who Wander Are Lost, Cafepress, ISBN 978-0976470748 [91] [92]
  • Blank, Steve; Bob Dorf (2012) The Startup Owner's Manual, Wiley, ISBN 978-1119690689 [93] [94]
  • Blank, Steve (2014) Holding a Cat by the Tail, K&S Ranch Publishing, ISBN 978-0989200554

Selected publications

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  • Blank, Steve. (2011) Embrace failure to start up success, Nature, doi:10.1038/477133a
  • Blank, Steve. (May 2013) Why the lean start up changes everything, Harvard Business Review
  • Blank, Steve. (September 2017) What your innovation process should look like, Harvard Business Review
  • Blank, Steve. (November–December 2017) When founders go too far, Harvard Business Review
  • Blank, Steve. (February 2019) McKinsey’s three horizon model defined innovation for years. Here’s why it no longer applies, Harvard Business Review
  • Blank, Steve. (April 2019) How to Make Startup Stock Options a Better Deal For Employees, Harvard Business Review
  • Blank, Steve. (September 2019) AgileFall - When Waterfall Principles Sneak Back Into Agile Workflows, Harvard Business Review
  • Blank, Steve. (October 2019) Why companies do innovation theater instead of actual innovation, Harvard Business Review
  • Blank, Steve. (2020) A 5-Day Plan to Keep Your Company Afloat, Harvard Business Review
  • Blank, Steve. (2022) The Small, the Agile, and the Many, Proceedings[95]
  • Blank, Steve. (2022) Entrepreneurs, Is a Venture Studio Right for You?, Harvard Business Review[96]
  • Blank, Steve; Felter Joe; Shah, Raj. (2022) The U.S. must harness the power of Silicon Valley to spur military innovation, Tech Crunch[97]

References

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  1. ^ J.J. Colao (1 August 2012). "Steve Blank Introduces Scientists to a new Variable: Customers". Forbes Magazine. Retrieved 2 November 2012.
  2. ^ a b c d Steve Lohr (24 April 2010). "The Rise of the Fleet-Footed Start-Up". The New York Times. Retrieved 2 November 2012.
  3. ^ Hawn, Carleen (March 25, 2002). "Fear and Posing". Forbes.com. Retrieved 2024-07-25.
  4. ^ "I-Corps - NSF - National Science Foundation". www.nsf.gov. Retrieved 2020-01-10.
  5. ^ "10 years of I-Corps: NSF entrepreneurship training program impacts the economy and shapes careers". Beta site for NSF - National Science Foundation. Retrieved 2021-09-04.
  6. ^ Symonds, Matt. "Steve Blank, The 'Father Of Modern Entrepreneurship' Talks Startups, Success And Seed Funds". Forbes. Retrieved 2024-07-25.
  7. ^ "Hacking for Defense teaches students, feds engineering innovation". federalnewsnetwork.com. 2016-06-06. Retrieved 2024-07-25.
  8. ^ Day, Clinton E. (2020-08-21). "Hacking for Defense". Entrepreneur. Retrieved 2024-07-25.
  9. ^ Pickrell, Ryan. "Pentagon advisor resigns in protest, saying the Trump administration is putting the nation 'at risk' by purging posts to fill them with loyalists". Business Insider. Retrieved 2024-07-25.
  10. ^ a b Browne, Ryan (2020-12-07). "Member of Pentagon advisory board resigns in protest at recent purge | CNN Politics". CNN. Retrieved 2024-07-25.
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  12. ^ "How Silicon Valley is helping the Pentagon in the AI arms race". www.ft.com. Retrieved 2024-07-25.
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  16. ^ "Wurtsmith Air Force Base History – Oscoda-Wurtsmith Airport Authority". Retrieved 2024-07-19.
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  23. ^ Greenwald, Ted (January 31, 2012). "Business Model Canvas: A Simple Tool For Designing Innovative Business Models". Forbes.
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  37. ^ a b Warren, Todd. "Getting The Most Out Of 'Getting Out Of The Building'". Forbes. Retrieved 2021-07-07.
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  45. ^ Renda, Matthew. "NSF I-Corps pushes discoveries to market". UC Santa Cruz News. Retrieved 2024-07-25.
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  47. ^ Dykstra, Josiah; Fante, Matt; Donahue, Paul; Varva, Dawn; Wilk, Linda; Johnson, Amanda. "Lessons from Using the {I-Corps} Methodology to Understand Cyber Threat Intelligence Sharing". USENIX.
  48. ^ a b "U.S. National Science Foundation Biennial Report 2023 Innovation Corps (I-Corps)" (PDF).
  49. ^ "Office of Naval Research Wants to Innovate at Startup Speed". United States Navy. Retrieved 2021-08-15.
  50. ^ Nichols, Greg. "DoD's hacking for defense taps college brainpower". ZDNet. Archived from the original on January 27, 2021. Retrieved 2021-08-15.
  51. ^ Vaughan, Ann. "HACKING FOR DEFENSE TURNS 5". USAASC. Retrieved 2021-08-15.
  52. ^ "Stanford's 'Hacking for Defense' Class Expands to Diplomacy". Nextgov.com. Retrieved 2021-08-18.
  53. ^ "Hacking 4 Diplomacy". web.stanford.edu. Retrieved 2021-08-18.
  54. ^ "Entrepreneurs for Good | AACSB". www.aacsb.edu. Retrieved 2021-08-18.
  55. ^ "Solve the Bay Area housing crisis, fight climate change and more, all while earning college credit". The Mercury News. 2019-02-04. Retrieved 2021-08-18.
  56. ^ "H4R – Hacking for Recovery". Retrieved 2021-08-28.
  57. ^ "Innovate 2 Impact". Hacking 4 Recovery Hawaii. Retrieved 2021-08-28.
  58. ^ Morris, Chris (2009-12-18). "The secret history of Silicon Valley (video)". VentureBeat. Retrieved 2024-07-19.
  59. ^ "Silicon Valley rooted in backing from US military". www.ft.com. Retrieved 2024-07-19.
  60. ^ "VIDEO: Steve Blank - The Secret History of Silicon Valley". Columbia Entrepreneurship. 2013-10-04. Retrieved 2024-07-19.
  61. ^ "Unraveling 'Knotty' Problems: ONR Helps Launch New Academic Center for National Security I". United States Navy. Retrieved 2024-07-19.
  62. ^ Dress, Brad (September 27, 2023). "Inside America's plans for an autonomous, AI-powered military". The Hill.
  63. ^ Leishman, Angeline (2021-12-01). "Navy-Backed National Security Innovation Center Opens at Stanford; Rear Adm. Lorin Selby Quoted". Retrieved 2024-07-19.
  64. ^ "Steve Blank: a strong voice for the environment". Audubon California. 2015-07-09. Retrieved 2024-07-19.
  65. ^ Review, Jeanine Gore-Half Moon Bay (2004-04-14). "Local Silicon Valley businessman donates $1 million to POST". Coastside News - Half Moon Bay Review. Retrieved 2024-07-19.
  66. ^ Voters, California Environmental (2013-06-26). "Masters of Innovation and Conservation". California Environmental Voters. Retrieved 2024-07-19.
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  68. ^ Noak, Mark (July 18, 2013). "Blank resigns with warning for commission". Coastside News - Half Moon Bay Review. Retrieved 2024-07-19.
  69. ^ Blank, Steve (2013-09-04). "CEQA reform: Analytics, not anecdotes, should guide Legislature". The Mercury News. Retrieved 2024-07-19.
  70. ^ "Defense Business Board Meeting Minutes" (PDF). November 10, 2020.
  71. ^ "Steve Blank, 2011". NPR. Retrieved 2021-09-21.
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  73. ^ "Coming Soon to an MBA Commencement Near You". Bloomberg.com. 2014-05-13. Retrieved 2021-09-21.
  74. ^ Henry, Zoë (2016-05-23). "Steve Blank Makes Homage to Steve Jobs in Speech to NYU Engineering Graduates". Inc.com. Retrieved 2021-09-21.
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  76. ^ Radin, Rick. "Following his road not taken". www.almanacnews.com. Retrieved 2021-09-21.
  77. ^ "The Lean Innovation Educators Summit: Lessons from Teaching in the Pandemic". The Common Mission Project Australia. Retrieved 2021-08-29.
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  81. ^ "11 Entrepreneurs Teaching the Next Generation". The New Entrepreneurs. 2012. Retrieved 2 November 2012.
  82. ^ "Ray Kurzweil, Steve Blank, Padmasree Warrior, and Peter Diamandis at the SVForum Visionary Awards". Business Journal. Retrieved 2021-07-07.
  83. ^ Haas (2014-05-12). "Haas Lecturer, Lean LaunchPad Creator Steve Blank Recognized in Washington, Spain". Haas News | Berkeley Haas. Retrieved 2021-07-07.
  84. ^ a b "Columbia Senior Fellow for Entrepreneurship Steve Blank on Thinkers50 2017". Columbia Entrepreneurship. 2017. Retrieved 22 January 2019.
  85. ^ Girard, Kim (2015-11-13). "Three Berkeley-Haas Leaders Make Thinkers50 List". Haas News | Berkeley Haas. Retrieved 2021-07-07.
  86. ^ "USASBE Is Pleased to Announce Steve Blank as the Recipient of the John E. Hughes Award". USASBE. 2018. Retrieved 22 January 2019.
  87. ^ "Tribute to Steven Blank" (PDF). Congressional Record, p. E1175. November 1, 2021.
  88. ^ "Congratulations MS&E graduates! | Management Science and Engineering". msande.stanford.edu. 2023-07-03. Retrieved 2024-07-19.
  89. ^ Pratt, Michael (7 March 2017). "5 Lessons I Learned Following Steve Blank's 'The Four Steps to the Epiphany'". Entrepreneur. Retrieved 2021-09-10.
  90. ^ Sharp, Tyler. "Council Post: Successful Marketing Is About People, Not Products". Forbes. Retrieved 2021-09-10.
  91. ^ "9780976470748: Not All Those Who Wander Are Lost - AbeBooks - Steve Blank: 0976470748". www.abebooks.com. Retrieved 2021-09-21.
  92. ^ Blank, Steven G (2010). Not all those who wander are lost: posts from an entrepreneurial career. California: Steve Blank. OCLC 706075625.
  93. ^ Liyan Chen (30 September 2012). "Live Blog: Entrepreneurs Boot Camp". Forbes Magazine. Retrieved 2 November 2012.
  94. ^ "Struggling to Find a Business Model for Your Idea? Read The Startup Owner's Manual". Wamda. Retrieved 2021-09-28.
  95. ^ "The Small, the Agile, and the Many". U.S. Naval Institute. 2022-01-10. Retrieved 2024-07-19.
  96. ^ Blank, Steve (2022-12-13). "Entrepreneurs, Is a Venture Studio Right for You?". Harvard Business Review. ISSN 0017-8012. Retrieved 2024-07-19.
  97. ^ Shah, Steve Blank, Joe Felter, Raj (2022-02-24). "The US must harness the power of Silicon Valley to spur military innovation". TechCrunch. Retrieved 2024-07-19.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
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