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Shule County

Coordinates: 39°23′29″N 76°02′24″E / 39.39139°N 76.04000°E / 39.39139; 76.04000
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Not to be confused with Yengisar County or Xinshi District, Ürümqi.
Shule County
疏勒县 (Chinese)
يېڭىشەھەر ناھىيىسى (Uyghur)
Yengisheher, Yengixahar
County
Location of Shule County (red) within Kashgar Prefecture (yellow) and Xinjiang
Location of Shule County (red) within Kashgar Prefecture (yellow) and Xinjiang
Shule is located in Southern Xinjiang
Shule
Shule
Location of the seat in Xinjiang
Shule is located in Xinjiang
Shule
Shule
Shule (Xinjiang)
Shule is located in China
Shule
Shule
Shule (China)
Coordinates: 39°23′29″N 76°02′24″E / 39.39139°N 76.04000°E / 39.39139; 76.04000
CountryChina
Autonomous regionXinjiang
PrefectureKashgar
County seatYengisheher (Shule)
Area
[1]
 • Total
2,394 km2 (924 sq mi)
Population
 (2020)[2]
 • Total
355,544
 • Density150/km2 (380/sq mi)
Ethnic groups
 • Major ethnic groupsUyghur[3]
Time zoneUTC 8 (China Standard[a])
Postal code
844200
Websiteshule.gov.cn (in Chinese)
Shule County
Chinese name
Simplified Chinese疏勒县
Traditional Chinese疏勒縣
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinShūlè Xiàn
Wade–GilesShu¹-lê⁴ Hsien⁴
Alternative Chinese name
Simplified Chinese英纳协海尔县
Traditional Chinese英納協海爾縣
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinYīngnàxiéhǎi'ěr Xiàn
Second alternative Chinese name
Simplified Chinese喀什噶尔英纳协海尔县
Traditional Chinese喀什噶爾英納協海爾縣
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinKāshígá'ěr Yīngnàxiéhǎi'ěr Xiàn
Uyghur name
Uyghurقەشقەر يېڭىشەھەر ناھىيىسى‎
Literal meaningKashgar New City County
Transcriptions
Latin YëziqiQeshqer Yëngisheher Nahiyisi
Yengi YeziⱪⱩəxⱪər Yengixǝⱨǝr naⱨiyisi
SASM/GNCKaxgar Yengixahar Nahiyisi
Siril YëziqiҚәшқәр Йеңишәһәр наһийиси

Shule County, also known as Yengisheher County[4] or Yengixahar County,[5] is a county of Kashgar Prefecture, in Xinjiang, China. It is located to the south of Kashgar. In ancient times, the Shule area was once the home to a Xiyu oasis civilisation, the Shule Kingdom.

Etymology

[edit]

Shule originally referred to Kashgar's new city, built by Han Chinese settlers, located 6 miles (9.7 km) from the old one.[6] Shule may have been an attempt by the Chinese to transcribe the Sanskrit name for Kashgar, Śrīkrīrāti (lit. 'fortunate hospitality').[7] The county's Uyghur name literally means "Kashgar New City".

History

[edit]

On May 31, 2012, Sidik Kurban was sentenced by Shule County Intermediate People's Court to fifteen years in jail and five years deprivation of political rights for 'inciting ethnic separatism' related to involvement in 'illegal religious activities'. For a decade, he had overseen home-based religious schools for eighty-six students.[8]

Administrative divisions

[edit]

The county includes 3 towns and 12 townships.[9][10][1]


Name Simplified Chinese Hanyu Pinyin Uyghur (UEY) Uyghur Latin (ULY) Administrative division code
Towns
Yengisheher Town[11][12]
(Shule Town) 		疏勒镇
(英协海尔镇) 		Shūlè Zhèn يېڭىشەھەر بازىرى yëngisheher baziri 653124100
Hanerik Town 罕南力克镇 Hǎnnánlìkè Zhèn خانئېرىق بازىرى[12] xan'ëriq baziri 653124101
Yapchan Town 牙甫泉镇 Yáfǔquán Zhèn ياپچان بازىرى yapchan baziri 653124102
Townships
Barin Township 巴仁乡 Bārén Xiāng بارىن يېزىسى[12] barin yëzisi 653122200
Yanduma Township 洋大曼乡 Yángdàmàn Xiāng ياندۇما يېزىسى yanduma yëzisi 653122201
Yamanyar Township 亚曼牙乡 Yàmànyá Xiāng يامانيار يېزىسى yamanyar yëzisi 653122202
Baghchi Township 巴合齐乡 Bāhéqí Xiāng باغچى يېزىسى baghchi yëzisi 653122203
Tazghun Township 塔孜洪乡 Tǎzīhóng Xiāng تازغۇن يېزىسى[12] tazghun yëzisi 653122204
Yengierik Township 英尔力克乡 Yīng'ěrlìkè Xiāng يېڭىئېرىق يېزىسى yëngi'ëriq yëzisi 653122205
Kumusherik Township 库木西力克乡 Kùmùxīlìkè Xiāng قۇمۇشئېرىق يېزىسى qumush'ëriq yëzisi 653122206
Tagharchi Township 塔尕尔其乡 Tǎgǎ'ěrqí Xiāng تاغارچى يېزىسى tagharchi yëzisi 653122207
Ermudun Township 艾尔木东乡 Ài'ěrmùdōng Xiāng ئەرمۇدۇن يېزىسى Ermudun yëzisi 653122208
Aral Township 阿拉力乡 Ālālì Xiāng ئارال يېزىسى Aral yëzisi 653122209
Harap Township 阿拉甫乡 Ālāfǔ Xiāng ھاراپ يېزىسى[12] harap yëzisi 653122210
Yengiawat Township 英阿瓦提乡 Yīng'āwǎtí Xiāng يېڭىئاۋات يېزىسى yëngi'awat yëzisi 653122211

Economy

[edit]

As of 1885, there was about 85,400 acres (555,448 mu) of cultivated land in Shule.[13]

Demographics

[edit]
Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
2000284,853—    
2010312,455 0.93%
[9]

As of 2015, 350,301 of the 377,029 residents of the county were Uyghur, 25,709 were Han Chinese and 1,019 were from other ethnic groups.[14]

As of 1999, 93% of the population of Shule County was Uyghur and 6.7% of the population was Han Chinese.[15]

Transportation

[edit]

Shule is served by China National Highway 315 and the Kashgar-Hotan Railway.

Notable persons

[edit]
  • Almikhan Seyit / Alimihan Seiti (ئالمىخان سېيىت / 阿丽米罕·色依提) (in Uyghur), claimed to have died at 132 years old

Historical maps

[edit]

Maps including Shule:

  • Map including Shule (labeled as Yangishahr) (1917)
    Map including Shule (labeled as Yangishahr) (1917)
  • Map including Shule (labeled as SU-LO) from the International Map of the World (AMS, 1966)[b]
    Map including Shule (labeled as SU-LO) from the International Map of the World (AMS, 1966)[b]
  • From the Operational Navigation Chart; map including Shule (labeled as SHULE (SU-LE) (walled)) (DMA, 1980)[c]
    From the Operational Navigation Chart; map including Shule (labeled as SHULE (SU-LE) (walled)) (DMA, 1980)[c]
  • Map including Shule (Shu-le) (DMA, 1983)
    Map including Shule (Shu-le) (DMA, 1983)
  • Map including Shule (labeled as SHULE (SU-LE) (walled)) (DMA, 1984)[d]
    Map including Shule (labeled as SHULE (SU-LE) (walled)) (DMA, 1984)[d]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Locals in Xinjiang frequently observe UTC 6 (Xinjiang Time), 2 hours behind Beijing.
  2. ^ From map: "DELINEATION OF INTERNATIONAL BOUNDARIES MUST NOT BE CONSIDERED AUTHORITATIVE"
  3. ^ From map: "The representation of international boundaries is not necessarily authoritative."
  4. ^ From map: "The representation of international boundaries is not necessarily authoritative"

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b 疏勒概况. 疏勒县政府信息网 (in Simplified Chinese). Retrieved 24 March 2020. 疏勒县总面积为2394平方公里,总人口38.22万人，农村人口33.86万人，有维吾尔族、汉族、回族、乌孜别克族、柯尔克孜族、塔吉克族、蒙古族等民族。全县辖3镇12乡、2个农林场、228个行政村、21个社区，耕地面积120万亩。
  2. ^ Xinjiang: Prefectures, Cities, Districts and Counties
  3. ^ 1997年疏勒县行政区划. XZQH.org (in Simplified Chinese). 19 November 2010. Retrieved 25 March 2020. 面积2399平方千米，人口26.3万，有维吾尔、汉、柯尔克孜、回、乌孜别克、哈萨克、满、锡伯、塔塔尔、达斡尔、俄罗斯、蒙古、塔吉克等民族，其中维吾尔族占93％，辖3镇12乡，县政府驻疏勒镇。
  4. ^ "2022 Report on International Religious Freedom: China—Xinjiang". United States Department of State.
  5. ^ Vicky Xiuzhong Xu; Danielle Cave; James Leibold; Kelsey Munro; Nathan Ruser (1 March 2020). "Uyghurs for sale". Australian Strategic Policy Institute. Retrieved 24 March 2020. The transfer of Uyghur labour to Anhui was part of a 'Xinjiang Aid' project organised by the Guangdong government, which also involved HYP setting up a highly secure factory in Xinjiang's Shule (Yengixahar) county (Figure 11).
  6. ^ Dillon, Michael (25 July 2014). Xinjiang and the Expansion of Chinese Communist Power: Kashgar in the Early Twentieth Century. Routledge. p. 5. doi:10.4324/9781315762111. ISBN 978-1-315-76211-1.
  7. ^ Hill, John E. (2011). "Section 21: The Kingdom of Shule (Kashgar)". Archived from the original on 4 April 2016.
  8. ^ "Nine Uyghurs Jailed Over Religious Activities". Radio Free Asia. 6 June 2012. Retrieved 8 April 2020. The sentences of between six and 15 years were handed down May 31 by three county-level courts in Kashgar prefecture, the exile World Uyghur Congress (WUC) said.{...}In the heaviest of the sentences, the Shule County Intermediate People's Court sentenced Sidik Kurban to 15 years in jail and five years' deprivation of political rights on charges of "inciting ethnic separatism" following what it said was his involvement in illegal religious activities. He had overseen the operation of illegal, home-based religious schools throughout Xinjiang over the past decade that provided instruction for 86 students, including young children, the WUC cited a local newspaper as saying.
  9. ^ a b 疏勒县历史沿革. XZQH.org. 14 November 2014. Retrieved 24 March 2020. 2000年第五次人口普查，疏勒县常住总人口284853人，{...}2010年第六次人口普查，疏勒县常住总人口312455人，其中：疏勒镇40446人，罕南力克镇24481人，牙甫泉镇25081人，巴仁乡32215人，洋大曼乡17244人，亚曼牙乡15542人，巴合齐乡21865人，塔孜洪乡27393人，英尔力克乡20412人，库木西力克乡20355人，塔合其乡9268人，艾尔木东乡12393人，阿拉力乡11170人，阿拉甫乡18748人，英阿瓦提乡9936人，兵团四十一团5906人。【注：统计部门将"塔尕尔其乡"标为"塔合其乡"】
  10. ^ 2019年统计用区划代码和城乡划分代码：疏勒县 (in Simplified Chinese). National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China. 2019. Retrieved 24 March 2020. 统计用区划代码 名称 653122100000 疏勒镇 653122101000 罕南力克镇 653122102000 牙甫泉镇 653122200000 巴仁乡 653122201000 洋大曼乡 653122202000 亚曼牙乡 653122203000 巴合齐乡 653122204000 塔孜洪乡 653122205000 英尔力克乡 653122206000 库木西力克乡 653122207000 塔合其乡 653122208000 艾尔木东乡 653122209500 阿拉力乡 653122210000 阿拉甫乡 653122211000 英阿瓦提乡 653122400000 疏勒南疆齐鲁工业园区
  11. ^ (2015) ي ج د 313- (1) نومۇرلۇق. 新疆疏勒县法院网 (in Uyghur). 23 November 2015. Retrieved 25 March 2020. جاۋابكار بxx، ئايال، ئۇيغۇر، 1971- يىلى 12- ئاينىڭ 2- كۈنى تۇغۇلغان، تولۇقسىز ئوتتۇرا مەكتەپ مەدەنىيەت سەۋىيەسىگە ئىگە، دېھقان، قوشۇمچە يىڭىشەھەر ناھىيە شەھەر موھىتىنى ئولتۇرۇقى: يېڭىشەھەر ناھىيە يېڭىشەھەر بازىرى سەككىز تاش كەنت 1-مەھەللە 1- كورپۇس، 19- نومۇرلۇق ئۆي، ئىلگىرى جازالانمىغان.
  12. ^ a b c d e شەندۇڭ ئۆلكىسى قۇرۇشقا ياردەم بەرگەن «مېھىر-شەپقەت تاللا بازىرى» تۈرى يېڭىشەھەر ناھىيەسىدە يولغا قويۇلدى. جۇڭگو قەشقەر تورى (in Uyghur). 28 July 2018. Retrieved 25 March 2020. نۆۋەتتە، بۇ تۈرنى نۇقتىدا سىناق قىلىش خىزمىتى يېڭىشەھەر ناھىيەسىنىڭ يېڭىشەھەر بازىرى، بارىن يېزىسى، تازغۇن يېزىسى، خانئېرىق بازىرى، ياپچان بازىرى، ھاراپ يېزىسىدىن ئىبارەت ئالتە يېزا (بازار)دا قانات يايدۇرۇلغان.
  13. ^ Herold J. Wiens (November 1966). "Cultivation Development and Expansion in China's Colonial Realm in Central Asia". The Journal of Asian Studies. 26 (1): 75. doi:10.2307/2051832. JSTOR 2051832. S2CID 162339064.
  14. ^ 3-7 各地、州、市、县(市)分民族人口数 (in Simplified Chinese). Statistic Bureau of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. 15 March 2017. Archived from the original on 11 October 2017. Retrieved 3 September 2017.
  15. ^ Morris Rossabi, ed. (2004). Governing China's Multiethnic Frontiers (PDF). University of Washington Press. p. 179. ISBN 0-295-98390-6.
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