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Nanchang

Coordinates: 28°40′59″N 115°51′29″E / 28.683°N 115.858°E / 28.683; 115.858
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Nanchang, China)
For other uses, see Nanchang (disambiguation).
Not to be confused with Nanchong.
Nanchang
南昌市
Prefecture-level city
Nanchang Skyline, with the Pavilion of Prince Teng in the front
Sunrise in Nanchang
New Fourth Army Headquarters
Nickname(s): 
Hongcheng (洪城 lit. Grand City[citation needed]), Hongdu (洪都 lit. Grand Metropolis[citation needed]), Yuzhang (豫章)
Map
Location of Nanchang City jurisdiction in Jiangxi
Location of Nanchang City jurisdiction in Jiangxi
Nanchang is located in Eastern China
Nanchang
Nanchang
Location in eastern China
Nanchang is located in China
Nanchang
Nanchang
Nanchang (China)
Coordinates (Nanchang municipal government): 28°40′59″N 115°51′29″E / 28.683°N 115.858°E / 28.683; 115.858
CountryChina
ProvinceJiangxi
County-level divisions6 districts, 3 counties
Municipal seatHonggutan District
Government
 • TypePrefecture-level city
 • BodyNanchang Municipal People's Congress
 • CCP SecretaryWu Xiaojun
 • Congress ChairmanWu Weizhu
 • MayorGe Guangming
 • CPPCC ChairmanLiu Jiafu
Area
 • Prefecture-level city7,194 km2 (2,778 sq mi)
 • Urban
686 km2 (265 sq mi)
 • Metro
4,588 km2 (1,771 sq mi)
Elevation
37 m (122 ft)
Population
 (2020 census)[1]
 • Prefecture-level city6,255,007
 • Density870/km2 (2,300/sq mi)
 • Urban
3,929,660
 • Urban density5,700/km2 (15,000/sq mi)
 • Metro
5,382,162
 • Metro density1,200/km2 (3,000/sq mi)
GDP[2]
 • Prefecture-level cityCN¥ 400.0 billion
US$ 64.2 billion
 • Per capitaCN¥ 75,879
US$ 12,183
Time zoneUTC 8 (CST)
Postal code
330000
ISO 3166 codeCN-JX-01
Licence plate prefixes赣A, 赣M
City FlowerChinese Rose
City TreeCamphor Laurel
Websitenc.gov.cn
Nanchang
"Nanchang" in Chinese characters
Chinese南昌
Literal meaning"Southern Prosperity"
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinNánchāng
Wade–GilesNan2-ch'ang1
IPA[nǎn.ʈʂʰáŋ]
Wu
SuzhouneseNoe-tshaon
Yue: Cantonese
Yale RomanizationNàahm-chēung
JyutpingNaam4-coeng1
IPA[nam˩.tsʰœŋ˥]
Southern Min
Hokkien POJLâm-chhiong
Tâi-lôLâm-tshiong
"Kiangsi" (Nanchang). Nieuhof: L'ambassade de la Compagnie Orientale des Provinces Unies vers l'Empereur de la Chine, 1665

Nanchang[a] is the capital of Jiangxi, China. Located in the north-central part of the province and in the hinterland of Poyang Lake Plain, it is bounded on the west by the Jiuling Mountains, and on the east by Poyang Lake. Because of its strategic location connecting the prosperous East and South China, it has become a major railway hub in Southern China in recent decades.

As the Nanchang Uprising in 1927 is distinctively recognized by the ruling Communist Party as "firing the first gunshot against the Nationalists",[4] the current government has therefore named the city since 1949 "the place where the People's Liberation Army was born", and the most widely known "place where the military banner of the People's Liberation Army was first raised". Nanchang is also a major city, appearing among the top 150 cities in the world by scientific research outputs, as tracked by the Nature Index[5] and home to Nanchang University.

History

[edit]
Tengwang Pavilion
Historical map of Nanchang

Imperial era

[edit]

The territories encompassing modern-day Jiangxi Province—including Nanchang—was first incorporated into China during the Qin dynasty, when it was conquered from the Baiyue peoples and organized as Jiujiang Commandery (Chinese: 九江郡).[6] In 201 BC, during the Han dynasty, the city was given the Chinese name Nanchang and became the administrative seat of Yuzhang Commandery (豫章郡), and was governed by Guan Ying, one of Emperor Gaozu of Han's generals.[6] The name Nanchang means "southern flourishing", derived from a motto of developing what is now southern China that is traditionally attributed to Emperor Gaozu himself.[6]

In AD 589, during the Sui dynasty, this commandery was changed into a prefecture named Hongzhou (洪州), and after 763 it became the provincial center of Jiangxi, which was then beginning the rapid growth that by the 12th century made it the most populous province in China.

In 653 the Tengwang Pavilion was constructed, and in 675 Wang Bo wrote the classic "Tengwang Ge Xu", a poetic introductory masterpiece celebrating the building, making the building, the city, and the author himself known to literate Chinese-speaking population ever since.[7] The Pavilion has been destroyed and rebuilt several times throughout history.[8] Its present form was reconstructed in the 1980s after being destroyed in 1929 during the Chinese Civil War.[9]

In 959, under the Southern Tang regime, Nanchang was made superior prefecture and the southern capital. After the conquest by the Song regime in 981 it was reverted to the name Hongzhou. In 1164 it was renamed Longxing prefecture, which name it retained until 1368. During the Yuan dynasty it was the capital of Jiangxi Province, an area that included Guangdong as well. At the end of the Yuan (Mongol) period (1279–1368), it became a battleground between Zhu Yuanzhang, the founder of the Ming dynasty (1368–1644), and the rival local warlord, Chen Youliang. At the beginning of the 16th century it was the power base from which Zhu Chenhao, the Prince of Ning, launched a rebellion against the emperor.

During the Yuan Dynasty, it might have been the centre of porcelain trade.[10]

During the reign of the Wanli Emperor of the Ming dynasty, it housed relatives of the emperor who had been exiled because they were potential claimants of the imperial throne, members of the imperial family constituting about one quarter of the city's population; as a result of this, Matteo Ricci came here when trying to gain entry to Beijing.[11]

In the 1850s it suffered considerably as a result of the Taiping Rebellion (1850–64), and its importance as a commercial centre declined as the overland routes to Canton were replaced by coastal steamship services in the latter half of the 19th century. Nanchang has, however, remained the undisputed regional metropolis of Jiangxi.

Republican era

[edit]

On August 1, 1927, Nanchang was the site of one of a series of insurrections organized by the communists. The Nanchang Uprising, led by pro-communist Kuomintang officers under Soviet direction, succeeded in holding the city for only a few days, and provided a core of troops and a method of organization from which the People's Liberation Army (PLA) later developed.

In 1939, the Battle of Nanchang, a ferocious battle between the Chinese National Revolutionary Army and the Imperial Japan Army in the Second Sino-Japanese War took place.[12][13][14]

People's Republic era

[edit]

By 1949, Nanchang was still essentially an old-style administrative and commercial city, with little industry apart from food processing; it had a population of about 275,000. Nanchang first acquired a rail connection in 1915, only connecting to the port city of Jiujiang by the Yangtze. Several other rail links have since been opened. After World War II a line was completed to Linchuan and Gongqi in the Ru River Valley to the south-southeast.

Since 1949, Nanchang has been extensively industrialized. It is now a large-scale producer of cotton textiles and cotton yarn. Paper making is also a major industry, as is food processing (especially rice milling). Heavy industry began to gain prominence in the mid-1950s. A large thermal-power plant was installed and uses coal brought by rail from Fengcheng to the south. A machinery industry also grew up, at first mainly concentrating on the production of agricultural equipment and diesel engines. Nanchang then became a minor centre of the automotive industry in China, producing trucks and tractors and also accessories such as tires. An iron-smelting plant helping to supply local industry was installed in the later 1950s. There is also a large chemical industry, producing agricultural chemicals and insecticides as well as pharmaceuticals.

Geography

[edit]
Nanchang Satellite imagery 2005

Nanchang is located in inland southeastern China, 130 km (81 mi) south of the Yangtze River and is situated on the right bank of the Gan River just below its confluence with the Jin River and some 40 km (25 mi) southwest of its discharge into Poyang Lake.

Gan River

Climate

[edit]

Nanchang has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cfa) with four distinct seasons. Winters are short and cool with occasional frosts; it begins somewhat sunny and dry but becomes progressively wetter and more overcast. Spring begins especially gloomy, and from April to June, each month has more than 220 mm (8.7 in) of rainfall. Summer is long and humid, with amongst the highest temperatures of any Chinese provincial capital, and with the sun shining close to 60 percent of the time in July and August, is the sunniest time of year. Autumn is warm to mild with the lowest rainfall levels of the year. The monthly 24-hour average temperature ranges from 5.9 °C (42.6 °F) in January to 29.6 °C (85.3 °F) in July, while the annual mean is 18.5 °C (65.3 °F). Annual precipitation stands at around 1,704 mm (67 in); with monthly percent possible sunshine ranging from 27 percent in March to 56 percent in August, the city receives 1,809 hours of sunshine annually in average. Extremes since 1951 have ranged from −9.7 °C (15 °F) on 29 December 1991 to 40.6 °C (105 °F) on 23 July 1961.[15]

Climate data for Nanchang (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1951–present)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 25.3
(77.5) 		28.7
(83.7) 		32.5
(90.5) 		34.6
(94.3) 		36.5
(97.7) 		37.7
(99.9) 		40.6
(105.1) 		39.7
(103.5) 		38.7
(101.7) 		38.6
(101.5) 		32.3
(90.1) 		26.1
(79.0) 		40.6
(105.1)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 9.2
(48.6) 		12.1
(53.8) 		16.1
(61.0) 		22.6
(72.7) 		27.3
(81.1) 		29.9
(85.8) 		33.7
(92.7) 		33.3
(91.9) 		29.6
(85.3) 		24.6
(76.3) 		18.3
(64.9) 		11.9
(53.4) 		22.4
(72.3)
Daily mean °C (°F) 5.9
(42.6) 		8.4
(47.1) 		12.2
(54.0) 		18.4
(65.1) 		23.3
(73.9) 		26.2
(79.2) 		29.6
(85.3) 		29.2
(84.6) 		25.6
(78.1) 		20.3
(68.5) 		14.2
(57.6) 		8.2
(46.8) 		18.5
(65.2)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 3.5
(38.3) 		5.7
(42.3) 		9.4
(48.9) 		15.1
(59.2) 		20.0
(68.0) 		23.3
(73.9) 		26.4
(79.5) 		26.2
(79.2) 		22.6
(72.7) 		17.2
(63.0) 		11.1
(52.0) 		5.4
(41.7) 		15.5
(59.9)
Record low °C (°F) −7.7
(18.1) 		−9.3
(15.3) 		−1.7
(28.9) 		2.4
(36.3) 		10.0
(50.0) 		14.8
(58.6) 		18.9
(66.0) 		19.5
(67.1) 		13.3
(55.9) 		3.5
(38.3) 		−0.8
(30.6) 		−9.7
(14.5) 		−9.7
(14.5)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 83.6
(3.29) 		95.3
(3.75) 		191.5
(7.54) 		213.0
(8.39) 		218.4
(8.60) 		341.6
(13.45) 		176.3
(6.94) 		120.0
(4.72) 		65.3
(2.57) 		49.8
(1.96) 		92.4
(3.64) 		56.3
(2.22) 		1,703.5
(67.07)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) 12.9 12.8 17.3 16.5 15.6 16.1 11.0 10.5 6.6 6.7 9.5 9.5 145
Average snowy days 3.0 1.8 0.6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.0 6.4
Average relative humidity (%) 74 75 78 77 76 81 75 74 73 68 72 70 74
Mean monthly sunshine hours 87.1 90.0 101.1 132.7 155.5 145.3 237.5 227.5 191.0 175.3 138.1 127.8 1,808.9
Percent possible sunshine 27 28 27 34 37 35 56 56 52 50 43 40 40
Source: China Meteorological Administration[16][17][18]

As of the 2020 Chinese census, Nanchang had a population of 6,255,007, of which 5,382,162 lived in built-up (urbanized) area consisting of 6 urban districts plus Nanchang County largely being urbanized.[19] 37 ethnic groups were counted amongst its prefecture divisions while 99.2% are Han chinese. The sex ratio in Nanchang is approximately 109 males to 100 females. The aged group (above 60) counts for 14.97% of the entire population.[20]

Administration

[edit]
Map of Nanchang (NAN-CH'ANG)
Map
Division code[21] English Chinese Pinyin Area in km2[22] Seat Postal code Subdivisions[23]
Subdistricts Towns Townships Residential communities Villages
360100 Nanchang 南昌市 Nánchāng Shì 7194[24] Honggutan District 330000 32 49 31 625 1161
360102 Donghu District 东湖区 Dōnghú Qū 30 Gongyuan Subdistrict (公园街道) 330000 9 159 21
360103 Xihu District 西湖区 Xīhú Qū 43 Chaoyangzhou Subdistrict (朝阳洲街道) 330000 10 1 136 13
360104 Qingyunpu District 青云谱区 Qīngyúnpǔ Qū 40 Sanjiadian Subdistrict (三家店街道) 330000 5 1 63 12
360111 Qingshanhu District 青山湖区 Qīngshānhú Qū 250 Jingdong (京东镇) 330000 3 6 116 101
360112 Xinjian District 新建区 Xīnjiàn Qū 2160 Changleng (长堎镇) 330100 10 9 39 300
360113 Honggutan District 红谷滩区 Hónggǔtān Qū Shajing Subdistrict (沙井街道) 330100 2 1
360121 Nanchang County 南昌县 Nánchāng Xiàn 1811 Liantang (莲塘镇) 330200 11 7 47 311
360123 Anyi County 安义县 Ānyì Xiàn 660 Longjin (龙津镇) 330500 7 3 16 105
360124 Jinxian County 进贤县 Jìnxián Xiàn 1946 Minhe (民和镇) 331700 9 2 37 263
  • Honggutan New District (红谷滩新区) is an economic management area and not a formal administrative division.

Economy

[edit]
Shengli Road, downtown Nanchang

Nanchang is a regional hub for agricultural production in Jiangxi province with its grain yield being 16.146 million tons in 2000. Products such as rice and oranges are economic staples. The Ford Motor Company has a plant in Nanchang, assembling the Ford Transit van as part of the Jiangling Motor joint venture.[25] Much of its industry revolves around aircraft manufacturing, automobile manufacturing, metallurgy, electro-mechanics, textile, chemical engineering, traditional Chinese medicine, pharmaceuticals and others.[26] Nanchang has a rapid economic development and ranks 15th among the fastest growing 20 cities in the world. It is one of the cities with the most potential for development in China and the world in the future.

In 2017, the city's gross regional product (GDP) was 500.319 billion yuan(US$80.03 billion ), an increase of 9.0% over the previous year. The primary industry's added value was 19.213 billion yuan, an increase of 4.0%; the secondary industry's added value was 266.61 billion yuan, an increase of 8.4%; The added value of the three industries was 214.496 billion yuan, an increase of 10.2%. The per capita GDP of 81,598 yuan was converted to 12,285 US dollars according to the average annual exchange rate, and the total fiscal revenue for the year was 78.282 billion yuan, an increase of 14.3% over the previous year.

Nanchang Greenland Center Square in Honggutan

The GDP of Nanchang in 2008 was 166 billion Yuan (US$24.3 billion ). The GDP per capita was 36,105 Yuan (US$5,285). The total value of imports and exports was 3.4 billion US dollars. The total financial revenue was 23 billion Yuan.[27]

Industrial zones

[edit]

National level development zones[28]

  • Nanchang Export Processing Zone

Nanchang National Export Expressing Zone is located in Nanchang Hi-Tech Industrial Development Zone, it was approved by the State Council on May 8, 2006, and passed the national acceptance inspection on Sep 7th, 2007. It has a planning area of 1 km2 and now has built 0.31 km2. It enjoys simple and convenient customs clearances, and special preferential policies both for Nanchang National Export Expressing Zone and NCHDZ.[29]

  • Nanchang National High-tech Industrial Development Zone

Nanchang National High-tech Industrial Development Zone (NCHDZ for short hereafter) is the only national grade high-tech zoned in Jiangxi, it was established in Mar. 1991. The zone covers an area of 231 km2 (89 sq mi), in which 32 km2 (12 sq mi) have been completed. NCHDZ possesses unique nature condition and sound industry foundation of accepting electronics industry. NCHDZ has brought 25 percent industrial added value and 50 percent industrial benefit and tax to Nanchang city by using only 0.4 percent land area.[30]

  • Nanchang Economic and Technological Development Zone[31]

Provincial level development zones[28]

  • Jiangxi Shanghai Economic and Technological Development Zone
  • Nanchang Yingxiong Economic and Technological Development Zone

Special economic district[28]

Transportation

[edit]
Nanchang Railway Station East Square

Nanchang has an advantageous geographic location and convenient transportation. It is praised as the “three rivers and five lakes, and the control of the finer and better lakes”[citation needed]. It relies on high-speed railways and aviation hubs to connect three important economic circles (Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, Inter-provincial traffic corridors in Haixi District). Nanchang is one of the country's comprehensive transportation hubs and one of the most important integrated transportation hubs in Jiangxi.

Rail

[edit]

The Nanchang is an important rail hub for southeastern China. The Beijing–Kowloon (Jingjiu) Railway, Shanghai–Kunming railway (formerly Zhejiang–Jiangxi or Zhegan Railway), Xiangtang–Putian railway and Nanchang–Jiujiang intercity railway converge in Nanchang. Nanchang's Bureau of Railways operates much of the railway network in Jiangxi and neighbouring Fujian province. The Nanchang railway station and the Nanchang West railway station are the primary passenger rail stations of the city. Nanchang is connected to Hangzhou, Changsha and Shanghai via CRH (China Railway High-speed) service.

Air

[edit]
Nanchang International Airport

Nanchang Changbei International Airport (KHN) built in 1996 is the main international airport. It is situated in Lehua Town, 26 kilometres north of the CDB area. Changbei International Airport is the only one in Jiangxi Province which has an international air route. The airport is connected to major mainland cities such as Shenzhen, Guangzhou, Haikou, Shanghai and Beijing.[32] There is a military/civilian airport near Liantang, Nanchang County.

Nanchang Changbei International Airport is the largest airport in Jiangxi Province. In 2014, Nanchang Changbei Airport opened up to 10 international destinations. The airport handled 7.25 million passengers in 2014, an increase of 6.3%. Among them, the Nanchang aviation port exceeded 280,000 passengers, an increase of nearly 40%, becoming the airport's traffic volume. The important force of growth, and will continue to maintain rapid development. On December 6, 2017, the annual passenger throughput of Nanchang Airport exceeded 10 million passengers, making it the nation's 31st “million-grade airport”. In 2017, passenger throughput reached 10.93 million, a year-on-year increase of 39.0%, a net increase of passenger throughput of 3.07 million passengers; flights took off and 89,000 vehicles, a year-on-year increase of 35.2%; and cargo and mail throughput of 52,000 tons, an increase of 3.3%. In order to cooperate with the construction of the Beijing-Kowloon high-speed railway and Nanchang North Station airport complex transportation hub, large-scale expansion and upgrades are being carried out recently.

Road

[edit]

The road transport infrastructure in Nanchang is extensive. A number of national highways cross through the city. They are the National roads No.105 from Beijing to Zhuhai, No.320 from Shanghai to Kunming, and No.316 from Fuzhou to Lanzhou. The major transport companies that operate in Nanchang are the Chang'an Transport Company Limited, the Nanchang Long-distance Bus Station, and the Xufang Bus Station. National Highway G70 crosses through Nanchang. Nanchang also built its round-city highway G70_01 opening in 2007.

The Nanchang Long-distance Bus Station serves long-distance routes to Nanjing, Shenzhen, Hefei and other cities outside Jiangxi Province. The Xufang Bus Station operates routes to cities, towns and counties within Jiangxi Province.[32]

Metro

[edit]

Nanchang Rail Transit is the first rail transportation system in Jiangxi Province, the world's leading MRT system, the second batch of rail transit cities in China. It will connect Nanchang's main downtown area and each satellite city, the Nanchang Metro has been in service since 26th Dec 2015. Nanchang is the 25th city in mainland China to put into operation. The planning of Nanchang rail transit project started in 1999 and was officially started in 2009. The first phase of the No. 1 and No. 2 lines was 50,996 kilometers (the first line is the underground line). Line 1 was officially opened and operated at the end of 2015, and Line 2 of the “First Section” began trial operation on August 19, 2017.

Water

[edit]

Nanchang is situated on the Gan River, the Fu River, Elephant Lake, Qingshan Lake, and Aixi Lake. Hence the water routes for Nanchang are critically important for the economy, trade and shipping. Nanchang Port is the biggest port on the Gan River. Passengers can take Nanchang Port and travel by boat to the Jinggang Shan and Tengwang Pavilion. There are passenger ships that also visit Poyang Lake, Stone Bell Hill, Poyang Lake Bird Protection Area, Dagu Hill and other attractions.

Landmarks

[edit]
Bayi Square night view

Education

[edit]

Colleges and universities (note that institutions without full-time bachelor programs are not listed):

High schools:

International schools:

Notable people

[edit]

Sport

[edit]

Nanchang is the site of Jiangxi International Women's Tennis Open.[37]

Friendship cities

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ UK: /nænˈtʃæŋ/, US: /nɑːnˈtʃɒŋ/;[3] Chinese: 南昌; pinyin: Nánchāng

References

[edit]
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  2. ^ 江西省统计局、国家统计局江西调查总队 (August 2016). 《江西统计年鉴－2016》. 中国统计出版社. ISBN 978-7-5037-7809-4. Archived from the original on 2018-05-11. Retrieved 2017-06-05.
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  4. ^ Schwartz, Benjamin, Chinese Communism and the Rise of Mao, Harper & Row (New York: 1951), p. 93.
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  6. ^ a b c 中国古今地名大词典 [Dictionary of Chinese Place-names Ancient and Modern]. Shanghai: Shanghai Lexicographical Publishing House. 2006. p. 2080. ISBN 9787532617432.
  7. ^ Wang: 236-246.
  8. ^ Wang: 1.
  9. ^ Wang: 31.
  10. ^ "Wang Dayuan - Singapore History". eresources.nlb.gov.sg. Retrieved 2021-04-01.
  11. ^ Mary Laven, Mission to China: Matteo Ricci and the Jesuit Encounter with the East, ISBN 0-571-22517-9, 2011, p. 103
  12. ^ Hsu Long-hsuen and Chang Ming-kai, History of the Sino-Japanese War (1937–1945), 2nd Ed., 1971. Translated by Wen Ha-hsiung, Chung Wu Publishing; 33, 140th Lane, Tung-hwa Street, Taipei, Taiwan Republic of China. pp. 293-300 Map. 14-15
  13. ^ Peattie, M., Drea, E. & Ven, H. (2011). The battle for China : essays on the military history of the Sino-Japanese War of 1937-1945. Stanford, Calif: Stanford University Press.
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  23. ^ 《中国民政统计年鉴2011》[full citation needed]
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  26. ^ [1] Archived April 14, 2010, at the Wayback Machine
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  • Wang, Qiaolin (王巧林 (1996). 江南名胜 滕王阁 [Jiangnan Famous Site: The Pavilion of Prince Teng]. Baihuazhou Literary Press (百花洲文艺出版社. ISBN 7-80579-797-8.百花洲文艺出版社Category:Articles containing Chinese-language text&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=7-80579-797-8&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.aufirst=Qiaolin (王巧林Category:Articles containing Chinese-language text&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Nanchang" class="Z3988">; 247 pages
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