Mers El Kébir

Mers El Kébir بلدية المرسى الكبير Baladiyya al-Marsā al-Kabīr
Municipality
Commune of Mers El Kébir
View of Mers El Kébir
Location of Mers El Kébir within Oran Province
Mers El Kébir Location of Mers El Kébir within Algeria
Coordinates: 35°43′43″N 0°42′25″W
Country	Algeria
Province	Oran
District	Aïn El Turk
Government
• PMA Seats	9
Area
• Total	10.98 km2 (4.24 sq mi)
Elevation	0 m (0 ft)
Population  (2006)
• Total	16,950
• Density	1,500/km2 (4,000/sq mi)
Time zone	UTC 01 (CET)
Postal code	31310
ONS code	3115

Mers El Kébir (Arabic: المرسى الكبير, romanized: al-Marsā al-Kabīr, lit. 'The Great Harbor' ) is a port on the Mediterranean Sea, near Oran in Oran Province, northwest Algeria. It is famous for the attack on the French fleet in 1940, in the Second World War.

History

Mers El Kébir, 1881 by Eugène Trutat, French photographer.

Originally a Roman port called Portus Divinus, Mers-el-Kébir became an Almohad naval arsenal in the 12th century, fell under the rulers of the Kingdom of Tlemcen in the 13th century, and eventually became a center of pirate activity around 1492. It was fought over by the Ottoman Turks, Portuguese (defeated in the 1501 Battle of Mers El Kebir by Abu Abdallah IV) and Spanish (defeated in the 1507 Battle of Mers-el-Kébir by Abu Abd Allah V). The Spanish, who named it Mazalquivir, captured it in 1505 under Cardinal Cisneros. Mazalquivir was used as a base to capture neighbouring Oran in 1509. The Spanish held both cities until 1708, when they were driven out by Bey Mustapha Ben Youssef (also known as Bouchelaghem). The Spanish returned in 1732 when the armada of the Duke of Montemar was victorious in the Battle of Aïn-el-Turk and again took Oran and Mazalquivir. The Spanish held both cities until 1792, when they were sold by King Carlos IV to the Dey of Algiers following a siege by the forces of the Dey.

The French occupied it in 1830, and renamed it Saint André de Mers-el-Kébir, enhancing the port in 1868 with an eponymous lighthouse; the latter was destroyed in World War II.

World War II

Main article: Attack on Mers-el-Kébir

Attack on Mers El Kébir, 3 July 1940

Following the German defeat of France in 1940, a portion of the French fleet became holed up in the port. On 3 July 1940, Force H of the British Royal Navy, led by Vice Admiral Sir James Somerville, attacked the French Navy's fleet at Mers-el-Kébir after the French refused to accede to any of Somerville's demands which were designed to ensure the French Navy would not join forces with Nazi Germany like the Vichy French. The attack was successful, although it fueled strong anti-British sentiment in France. However, Britain's resolve against Nazi Germany and France was demonstrated to the United States. Admiral Somerville sank or shelled three of Gensoul's ships, killing 1,300 sailors.

Post World War II

After World War II, France used its naval base at Mers-el-Kébir to assist in atomic tests, the base was substantially developed by the French in 1953. The Évian Accords of 18 March 1962, which recognized Algerian independence, allowed France to maintain its base for 15 years; however, France withdrew five years later in 1967.

Google Earth imagery has confirmed that a sizeable number of the Algerian National Navy use the naval base at Mers El Kébir. Including the navy's Kilo-class submarine fleet of six boats; as well as other frigates and corvettes.

Old photograph of Cimetiere street

See also

• Algeria portal
• European enclaves in North Africa before 1830
• Operation Torch
• Presidio
• US Naval Bases North Africa

External links

• A plan of the Mers-el-Kébir anchorage
• Accueil Kébir (in French)
• MERS EL KEBIR 1940 (in French)
• Mers-el-Kebir – A Battle Between Friends by Irwin J. Kappes