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March 1934

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The following events occurred in March 1934:

March 1, 1934 (Thursday)

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March 2, 1934 (Friday)

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March 3, 1934 (Saturday)

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March 4, 1934 (Sunday)

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March 5, 1934 (Monday)

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  • The Pahiatua earthquake struck northern New Zealand.
  • A British court awarded Irina Yusupova, niece of the late Nicholas II of Russia, £25,000 in damages in her lawsuit against the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer company over the film Rasputin and the Empress. Yusupova claimed that the character Natasha in the film was a libel against her and her character, although the attorneys for MGM had maintained that the character was fictional.[7]
  • Joseph Goebbels issued an order to all state governments to forbid Jews from performing on any stages in Germany. "I draw attention to the fact that only members of a professional guild are entitled to appear on the German stage", the order read. "Jews are not permitted membership in these guilds. I therefore request the police authorities to be instructed to demand that actors exhibit their membership cards in the guild. If the actors cannot produce them they are to be prevented from appearing on the stage."[8]
  • The U.S. Supreme Court decided Nebbia v. New York.
  • Born: Daniel Kahneman, psychologist, in Tel Aviv, Mandatory Palestine; Nicholas Smith, actor, in Banstead, Surrey, England (d. 2015)

March 6, 1934 (Tuesday)

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March 7, 1934 (Wednesday)

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  • In the Soviet Union, a Sovnarkom decree imposed a prison sentence of 3–5 years for those convicted of "homosexual relations". The sentence was increased to 5–8 years if force was used or if the guilty party took advantage of the partner's position of dependence.[11]
  • Born: Franklin Clarke, American football player, in Beloit, Wisconsin (d. 2018); Willard Scott, television personality and writer, in Alexandria, Virginia (d. 2021)

March 8, 1934 (Thursday)

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  • Hitler opened the International Automobile and Motorcycle Exhibition in Berlin. The central attraction was a new German car costing only £61.[12][13]
  • The British historical film The Rise of Catherine the Great premiered in Germany, but hundreds protested outside the Berlin cinema because its star Elisabeth Bergner was Jewish.[14]

March 9, 1934 (Friday)

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March 10, 1934 (Saturday)

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  • President Roosevelt ordered the cessation of air mail delivery by army pilots "except on such routes, under which weather conditions and under such equipment and personnel conditions as will insure, as far as the utmost care can provide, against constant recurrence of fatal accidents." The president's order came after a three-week span in which ten pilots delivering air mail had been killed.[16]

March 11, 1934 (Sunday)

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  • Vienna's famous Socialist newspaper Arbeiter-Zeitung, banned during February's civil war, reappeared in a form that shared nothing in common with its previous incarnation other than its name and publishing company.[17]
  • Switzerland held a referendum on whether voters approved of a federal law on maintaining public order. The proposal was rejected by 53.8% of voters.
  • Born: Sam Donaldson, reporter and news anchor, in El Paso, Texas
  • Died: Margaret Illington, 54, American actress

March 12, 1934 (Monday)

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  • Estonian leader Konstantin Päts staged a "self-coup" by declaring martial law and installing Johan Laidoner as Commander in Chief of the army. Päts used his emergency powers to disband the Vaps Movement and arrest 400 of its leading members, removing a threat to his rule. The Era of Silence in Estonian history began.[18]
  • General Werner von Blomberg announced that Jews were banned from enlisting in the German military. The ambiguous wording of the announcement made it unclear whether Jews already serving in the military were affected or not.[19]

March 13, 1934 (Tuesday)

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March 14, 1934 (Wednesday)

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March 15, 1934 (Thursday)

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March 16, 1934 (Friday)

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March 17, 1934 (Saturday)

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March 18, 1934 (Sunday)

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  • Benito Mussolini made a speech in Rome outlining a 60-year plan that would give Italy the "primacy of the world" in the 21st century and would make that century a "blackshirt era". Mussolini proclaimed that Italy's future lay to the "east and south in Asia and Africa. The vast resources of Africa must be valourized and Africa brought within the civilized circle. I do not refer to conquest of territory but to natural expansion. We demand that nations which have already arrived in Africa do not block at every step Italian expansion."[28]
  • Samuel Insull was allowed to leave Greece by ship again, on the conditions that he enter no Greek ports and that he radio a message ahead of time saying where he would land once he chose to do so.[29]
  • Born: Charley Pride, American country singer; in Sledge, Mississippi (d. 2020)

March 19, 1934 (Monday)

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March 20, 1934 (Tuesday)

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March 21, 1934 (Wednesday)

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  • The Great Hakodate Fire in Japan destroyed one-third of the city and killed over 2,000 people.[32]
  • Nazi Germany launched a public works plan aimed at putting 5 million of the country's 6 million unemployed back to work. The program included highway construction, land reclamation and the building of ships and housing.[33]
  • Died: Lilyan Tashman, 37, American actress (cancer)

March 22, 1934 (Thursday)

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March 23, 1934 (Friday)

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March 24, 1934 (Saturday)

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  • President Roosevelt signed the Philippine Independence Act, or the Tydings–McDuffie Act, providing for a ten-year transition phase leading to self-government for the Philippines.[32]
  • An editorial in Mussolini's newspaper Il Popolo d'Italia wrote that "The dimunition of births in the United States is assuming alarming proportions". The editorial concluded, "When we reflect there are in the United States 11,500,000 Negroes, people of extraordinary fecundity, it is necessary to conclude with a real cry of alarm. The Yellow Peril is nothing. We will encounter an Africanized America in which the white race, by the inexorable law of numbers, will end by being suffocated by the fertile grandsons of Uncle Tom. Are we to see within a century a Negro in the White House?"[38]

March 25, 1934 (Sunday)

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  • The threatened American auto workers' strike was averted when the Roosevelt Administration created a National Automotive Labor Board to help resolve disputes.[31]
  • Italian general elections were held in the form of a referendum on a single list of Fascist Party candidates. They were the last elections held in Fascist Italy as the only real purpose of this Chamber of Deputies was to approve Mussolini's plan for a new corporative state and then commit "suicide" by voting its own dissolution.[39] The Fascists won 99.84% approval in a foregone conclusion.
  • Born: Johnny Burnette, rockabilly musician, in Memphis, Tennessee (d. 1964); Gloria Steinem, feminist, in Toledo, Ohio

March 26, 1934 (Monday)

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  • The Strength Through Joy organization in Nazi Germany announced that every week during the summer 3,500 workers would be taken on a free vacation cruise aboard a German ocean liner.[40]
  • Born: Alan Arkin, actor, director, musician and author, in Brooklyn, New York (d. 2023)

March 27, 1934 (Tuesday)

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  • President Franklin D. Roosevelt suffered his first defeat in congress. Roosevelt vetoed a bill increasing compensation to war veterans, but the House promptly overrode the veto by repassing the bill 310-72.[41][42]

March 28, 1934 (Wednesday)

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March 29, 1934 (Thursday)

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March 30, 1934 (Friday)

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March 31, 1934 (Saturday)

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References

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  1. ^ "New Empire in Far East Born; Crown Pi-yi". Chicago Daily Tribune. March 1, 1934. p. 1.
  2. ^ Steele, John (March 2, 1934). "House Dumps Dole Marchers Out After 'Riot'". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 11.
  3. ^ "Primo Carnera". BoxRec. Retrieved June 29, 2015.
  4. ^ "France Arrests Stavisky Widow in Bond Scandal". Chicago Daily Tribune. March 3, 1934. p. 3.
  5. ^ "3 States Hunting Dillinger". Chicago Daily Tribune. March 4, 1934. p. 1.
  6. ^ Schultz, Sigrid (March 5, 1934). "Fighting Pastor Defies Hitler's Church Dictator". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 7.
  7. ^ "Award Princess $125,000 Libel in Rasputin Suit". Chicago Daily Tribune. March 6, 1934. p. 3.
  8. ^ Schultz, Sigrid (March 6, 1934). "Hitler Forbids Jews to Act in Any Theater of Germany". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 12.
  9. ^ a b Girardin, George Russell; Ielmer, William J.; Mattix, Rick (2005). Dillinger: The Untold Story. Indiana University Press. p. 257. ISBN 978-0-253-21633-5.
  10. ^ "Yellow Jack". Playbill Vault. Retrieved June 29, 2015.
  11. ^ Davies, R. W.; Khlevnyuk, Oleg; Wheatcroft, Stephen G. (2014). The Industrialisation of Soviet Russia Volume 6: The Years of Progress: The Soviet Economy, 1934–1936. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 30. ISBN 978-1-137-36257-5.
  12. ^ "Tageseinträge für 8. März 1934". chroniknet. Retrieved June 29, 2015.
  13. ^ a b c Mercer, Derrik (1989). Chronicle of the 20th Century. London: Chronicle Communications Ltd. p. 438. ISBN 978-0-582-03919-3.
  14. ^ "Protest Jewish Actresses". Chicago Daily Tribune. March 9, 1934. p. 1.
  15. ^ "3 Big Berlin Stores Reopen with Aryan Clerks; Jews are Out". Chicago Daily Tribune. March 10, 1934. p. 11.
  16. ^ Boettiger, John (March 11, 1934). "Roosevelt Cuts Mail Flying". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 1.
  17. ^ "Vienna's Famous Socialist Paper Turns Fascist". Chicago Daily Tribune. March 12, 1934. p. 6.
  18. ^ Midlarksy, Manus I. ""Realism and the Democratic Peace: The Primacy of State Security in New Democracies." Realism and Institutionalism in International Studies. Ed. Michael Brecher & Frank P. Harvey. University of Michigan, 2002. 105. ISBN 978-0-472-02393-6.
  19. ^ Schultz, Sigrid (March 13, 1934). "Germany Forbids Jews to Serve in Army and Navy". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 7.
  20. ^ Steele, John (March 14, 1934). "Laura La Plante of Films Sues in Riga for Divorce". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 9.
  21. ^ "City Burns, 150 Die in Salvador Dynamite Blast". Chicago Daily Tribune. March 15, 1934. p. 7.
  22. ^ Fells, Robert M. (2004). George Arliss: The Man who Played God. Lanham: Scarecrow Press, Inc. p. 142. ISBN 978-0-8108-5160-3.
  23. ^ "Biographical Data: EUGENE A. CERNAN (CAPTAIN, USN, RET.) NASA ASTRONAUT (DECEASED)" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. January 2017. Retrieved 29 November 2021.
  24. ^ Speck, Eugene (March 16, 1934). "All Europe Hunting Insull". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 1.
  25. ^ Speck, Eugene (March 17, 1934). "New Trick by Insull Feared". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 1.
  26. ^ "Chronology 1934". indiana.edu. 2002. Retrieved June 29, 2015.
  27. ^ "General Taxi Strike Called in New York". Chicago Daily Tribune. March 18, 1934. p. 4.
  28. ^ "Mussolini Sees World Fascist Era in 60 Years". Chicago Daily Tribune. March 19, 1934. p. 1.
  29. ^ "Insull Off to New Hideout". Chicago Daily Tribune. March 18, 1934. p. 1.
  30. ^ "Pope Creates 3 New Saints; One a Carmelite Nun". Chicago Daily Tribune. March 20, 1934. p. 22.
  31. ^ a b Widick, B. J. (1989). Detroit: City of Race and Class Violence. Detroit: Wayne State University Press. p. 60. ISBN 978-0-8143-2104-1.
  32. ^ a b "1934". MusicAndHistory. Archived from the original on August 28, 2012. Retrieved June 29, 2015.
  33. ^ Schultz, Sigrid (March 22, 1934). "Hitler Launches His $400,000,000 Public Works Plan". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 11.
  34. ^ "Taxi Strikers in Wild Riot; N.Y. Police Act". Chicago Daily Tribune. March 23, 1934. p. 1.
  35. ^ "Thousands Roar Faith in Il Duce's Fascist Banner". Chicago Daily Tribune. March 24, 1934. p. 5.
  36. ^ Hansen, James R. (April 2018). First Man: The Life of Neil A. Armstrong. Simon & Schuster Paperbacks. p. 60. ISBN 978-1-5011-5306-8.
  37. ^ McBride, Jessica (16 July 2019). "Neil Armstrong's Wife Janet: Real Story Behind First Man". Breaking News. Heavy. Retrieved December 8, 2021.
  38. ^ "Duce Asks Will a Negro Sit in White House?". Chicago Daily Tribune. March 25, 1934. p. 1.
  39. ^ Darrah, David (March 26, 1934). "Suicide Chamber Elected by Italy for Mussolini". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 8.
  40. ^ "Germany to Give Workers Free Vacations at Sea". Chicago Daily Tribune. March 27, 1934. p. 3.
  41. ^ "Tageseinträge für 27. März 1934". chroniknet. Retrieved June 29, 2015.
  42. ^ Henning, Arthur Sears (March 28, 1934). "House Overrides Veto of Vets Bill". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 1.
  43. ^ Boettiger, John (March 29, 1934). "Roosevelt Vet Veto Beaten". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 1.
  44. ^ "Austria Bans U.S. Magazines, Nude Statues in Purity Drive". Chicago Daily Tribune. March 30, 1934. p. 18.
  45. ^ Schultz, Sigrid (March 30, 1934). "Nazis Ban Film Because Star, Max Baer, Is Jew". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 18.
  46. ^ "Samuel Insull Arrives at Istanbul". Chicago Daily Tribune. March 29, 1934. p. 1.
  47. ^ Bader, Robert S. "Groucho Marx Chronology". Marx-Brothers.org. Retrieved June 29, 2015.
  48. ^ "2 Taxi Drivers Beaten as End Nears in Strike". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. March 31, 1934. p. 2.
  49. ^ "German Paper Dies After 230 Years of Service". Chicago Daily Tribune. April 1, 1934. p. 21.