List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 100
| Supreme Court of the United States | |
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| Established | March 4, 1789 |
| Location | Washington, D.C. |
| Coordinates | 38°53′26″N 77°00′16″W / 38.89056°N 77.00444°W |
| Composition method | Presidential nomination with Senate confirmation |
| Authorised by | Constitution of the United States, Art. III, § 1 |
| Judge term length | life tenure, subject to impeachment and removal |
| Number of positions | 9 (by statute) |
| Website | supremecourt |
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This is a list of cases reported in volume 100 of United States Reports, decided by the Supreme Court of the United States in 1879 and 1880.[1]
Justices of the Supreme Court at the time of 100 U.S.
[edit]The Supreme Court is established by Article III, Section 1 of the Constitution of the United States, which says: "The judicial Power of the United States, shall be vested in one supreme Court . . .". The size of the Court is not specified; the Constitution leaves it to Congress to set the number of justices. Under the Judiciary Act of 1789 Congress originally fixed the number of justices at six (one chief justice and five associate justices).[2] Since 1789 Congress has varied the size of the Court from six to seven, nine, ten, and back to nine justices (always including one chief justice).
When the cases in 100 U.S. were decided the Court comprised the following nine members:
| Portrait | Justice | Office | Home State | Succeeded | Date confirmed by the Senate (Vote) |
Tenure on Supreme Court |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Morrison Waite | Chief Justice | Ohio | Salmon P. Chase | January 21, 1874 (63–0) |
March 4, 1874 – March 23, 1888 (Died) |
|
Nathan Clifford | Associate Justice | Maine | Benjamin Robbins Curtis | January 12, 1858 (26–23) |
January 21, 1858 – July 25, 1881 (Died) |
|
Noah Haynes Swayne | Associate Justice | Ohio | John McLean | January 24, 1862 (38–1) |
January 27, 1862 – January 24, 1881 (Retired) |
|
Samuel Freeman Miller | Associate Justice | Iowa | Peter Vivian Daniel | July 16, 1862 (Acclamation) |
July 21, 1862 – October 13, 1890 (Died) |
|
Stephen Johnson Field | Associate Justice | California | newly created seat | March 10, 1863 (Acclamation) |
May 10, 1863 – December 1, 1897 (Retired) |
|
William Strong | Associate Justice | Pennsylvania | Robert Cooper Grier | February 18, 1870 (No vote recorded) |
March 14, 1870 – December 14, 1880 (Retired) |
|
Joseph P. Bradley | Associate Justice | New Jersey | newly created seat | March 21, 1870 (46–9) |
March 23, 1870 – January 22, 1892 (Died) |
|
Ward Hunt | Associate Justice | New York | Samuel Nelson | December 11, 1872 (Acclamation) |
January 9, 1873 – January 27, 1882 (Retired) |
|
John Marshall Harlan | Associate Justice | Kentucky | David Davis | November 29, 1877 (Acclamation) |
December 10, 1877 – October 14, 1911 (Died) |
Notable Cases in 100 U.S.
[edit]
Trade-Mark Cases
[edit]The Trade-Mark Cases, 100 U.S. 82 (1879), were three cases consolidated into a single appeal before the United States Supreme Court, which in 1879 ruled that the Copyright Clause of the Constitution gives Congress no power to protect or regulate trademarks. In response, Congress passed the Trade Mark Act of 1881, which was based on its Commerce Clause power and therefore passed constitutional review.
Strauder v. West Virginia
[edit]Strauder v. West Virginia, 100 U.S. 303 (1880), was the first instance in which the Supreme Court reversed a state court decision denying a defendant's motion to remove his criminal trial to federal court under Section 3 of the Civil Rights Act of 1866.[3] The Court's holding established the proposition that it is a denial to criminal defendants of the equal protection of the law for a state to exclude persons from service on a grand or petit jury on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.
Citation style
[edit]Under the Judiciary Act of 1789 the federal court structure at the time comprised District Courts, which had general trial jurisdiction; Circuit Courts, which had mixed trial and appellate (from the US District Courts) jurisdiction; and the United States Supreme Court, which had appellate jurisdiction over the federal District and Circuit courts—and for certain issues over state courts. The Supreme Court also had limited original jurisdiction (i.e., in which cases could be filed directly with the Supreme Court without first having been heard by a lower federal or state court). There were one or more federal District Courts and/or Circuit Courts in each state, territory, or other geographical region.
Bluebook citation style is used for case names, citations, and jurisdictions.
- "C.C.D." = United States Circuit Court for the District of . . .
- e.g.,"C.C.D.N.J." = United States Circuit Court for the District of New Jersey
- "D." = United States District Court for the District of . . .
- e.g.,"D. Mass." = United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts
- "E." = Eastern; "M." = Middle; "N." = Northern; "S." = Southern; "W." = Western
- e.g.,"C.C.S.D.N.Y." = United States Circuit Court for the Southern District of New York
- e.g.,"M.D. Ala." = United States District Court for the Middle District of Alabama
- "Ct. Cl." = United States Court of Claims
- The abbreviation of a state's name alone indicates the highest appellate court in that state's judiciary at the time.
- e.g.,"Pa." = Supreme Court of Pennsylvania
- e.g.,"Me." = Supreme Judicial Court of Maine
List of cases in 100 U.S.
[edit]Notes and references
[edit]- ^ Anne Ashmore, DATES OF SUPREME COURT DECISIONS AND ARGUMENTS, Library, Supreme Court of the United States, 26 December 2018.
- ^ "Supreme Court Research Guide". Georgetown Law Library. Retrieved April 7, 2021.
- ^ Klarman, Michael J. (2000). "The Racial Origins of Modern Criminal Procedure". Michigan Law Review. 99 (1): 48–97. JSTOR 1290325.
External links
[edit]- [1] Case reports in volume 100 from Library of Congress
- [2] Case reports in volume 100 from Court Listener
- [3] Case reports in volume 100 from the Caselaw Access Project of Harvard Law School
- [4] Case reports in volume 100 from Google Scholar
- [5] Case reports in volume 100 from Justia
- [6] Case reports in volume 100 from Open Jurist
- Website of the United States Supreme Court
- United States Courts website about the Supreme Court
- National Archives, Records of the Supreme Court of the United States
- American Bar Association, How Does the Supreme Court Work?
- The Supreme Court Historical Society
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