J. S. Wilson
Colonel J. S. Wilson | |
|---|---|
 J.S. Wilson with Mishima Michiharu, Chief Scout of Japan, at the national training camp at Lake Yamanaka, on the slopes of Mount Fuji, December 1952 | |
| Secretary General of the World Organization of the Scout Movement | |
| In office 1938–1951 | |
| Preceded by | Hubert S. Martin |
| Succeeded by | Daniel Spry |
Colonel John Skinner "Belge" Wilson (1888–1969) was a Scottish scouting luminary and friend and contemporary of General Baden-Powell, recruited by him to head the International Bureau, later to become the World Bureau of the World Organization of the Scout Movement. Wilson was acting director from 1938 to 1939 following the death of Hubert S. Martin; he was elected in 1939 and remained in office until 1951. He then became Honorary President of WOSM for four years.
Scouting
[edit]Baden-Powell visited India in 1921, where he met and recruited Colonel Wilson, who was then Senior Deputy Commissioner of Police in Calcutta, and in his free time was serving as Calcutta's District Scout Commissioner.[citation needed]
Wilson ran Gilwell Park for The Scout Association in the early 1920s. He served as Director of the Boy Scouts International Bureau for 15 years, tasked with co-ordinating various Scout movements within countries and between them prior to the establishment of World Scout Regions. After retirement, he served as Honorary President of the Boy Scouts International Committee for a further four years.[1]
To encourage the creation of Rovering in the Boy Scouts of America, the first Wood Badge course held in the United States was a Rover Scout Wood Badge course, directed by Wilson.[citation needed]
Wilson introduced an international Scout badge in 1939-a silver fleur-de-lis or arrowhead badge on a purple background surrounded by the names of the five continents in silver within a circular frame. The wearing of it was not universal, but was confined to past and present members of the International Committee and staff of the Bureau. A flag of similar design followed, the flying of which was restricted to international Scout gatherings.[citation needed]
Wilson was awarded the Bronze Wolf, the only distinction of the World Organization of the Scout Movement, awarded by the World Scout Committee for exceptional services to world Scouting, in 1937.[2] In 1952 he also received the highest distinction of the Scout Association of Japan, the Golden Pheasant Award.[3] During a visit in Austria in 1957 he was awarded with one of the highest honours of Austrian Scouting the Silbernen Steinbock Silver Capricorn (on red-white-red ribbon).[4]
Wilson took a six-year world tour reviewing the world's Scout organisations, culminating in a five-month tour of Asia in October 1952. Upon the 50th anniversary of World Scouting in 1957, Colonel Wilson took his research notes gathered on the trip and authored the publication of the first edition of the seminal work on world Scouting, Scouting Round the World.[citation needed]
Military
[edit]At the age of 52, Wilson was asked to leave his post in the Scouts movement during World War II to help select and train candidates for Winston Churchill’s covert outfit, the Special Operations Executive (SOE). His rigorous selection process is still used as the basis for those employed by British special forces organisations such as the Special Air Service and the Royal Marine Commandos.[1][5]
Upon learning that Nazi scientists were attempting to build nuclear weapons, Winston Churchill and US President Franklin D. Roosevelt decided that all Nazi efforts in nuclear research must be sabotaged. A key element of Hitler’s nuclear programme was the Norsk Hydro plant in Nazi-occupied Norway, which produced “heavy water”.[1][5]
After a failed attempts to destroy the facility, by parachute troops and by aerial bombing, ten special operatives trained by Wilson were deployed. They successfully parachuted into Norway, evaded capture, scaled a 600ft ice-bound cliff to gain access to the plant, and destroyed the heavy apparatus.[1][5][6] A film, "The Heroes of Telemark" was made of the story.
For his services, Colonel Wilson was awarded an OBE and a Commander of the Royal Norwegian Order of St. Olav.[7] His story is detailed in the book ‘Hunting Hitler’s Nukes’ by historian and filmmaker Damien Lewis.[1][5]
Further reading
[edit]- John S. Wilson (1959). Scouting Round the World (First ed.). Blandford Press.
- "Private Papers of Colonel J S Wilson CMG OBE".
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d e Lewis, Damian (22 October 2016). "British Scout master gave special forces their punch and helped them defeat Hitler". The Mirror.
- ^ "List of recipients of the Bronze Wolf Award". scout.org. WOSM. Archived from the original on 29 November 2020. Retrieved 1 May 2019.
- ^ 䝪䞊䜲䝇䜹䜴䝖日本連盟 きじ章受章者 [Recipient of the Golden Pheasant Award of the Scout Association of Japan] (PDF). Reinanzaka Scout Club (in Japanese). 23 May 2014. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 August 2020.
- ^ "Aus Österreich-Bundeskorps". Unser Ziel-Monatsschrift für Pfadfinderführer (in German). Pfadfinder Österreichs: 31. October 1957.
- ^ a b c d "Hitler's nuclear weapons foiled by scoutmaster's plan". The Independent. 1 November 2016. Retrieved 23 November 2023.
- ^ "The real heroes of Telemark" by Ray Mears, Hodder & Stoughton, 2003
- ^ Kraglund, Ivar (1995). "Wilson, John Skinner". In Dahl, Hans Fredrik (ed.). Norsk krigsleksikon 1940-45 (in Norwegian). Oslo: Cappelen. Archived from the original on 1 March 2012. Retrieved 7 November 2008.
- 1888 births
- 1969 deaths
- Recipients of the Bronze Wolf Award
- The Scout Association
- Scottish police officers
- International Scouting leaders
- Scouting pioneers
- British police officers in India
- British Army personnel of World War II
- Scouting and Guiding in India
- 19th-century Scottish people
- 20th-century Scottish people
- British people in colonial India