House–Brackmann score
| House–Brackmann score | |
|---|---|
| Purpose | measure degree of damage in facial nerve palsy |
The House–Brackmann score is a score to grade the degree of nerve damage in a facial nerve palsy. The measurement is determined by measuring the upwards (superior) movement of the mid-portion of the top of the eyebrow, and the outwards (lateral) movement of the angle of the mouth. Each reference point scores 1 point for each 0.25 cm movement, up to a maximum of 1 cm. The scores are then added together, to give a number out of 8.[1] The score predicts recovery in those with Bell's palsy.[2]
The score carries the name of the Dr John W. House and Dr Derald E. Brackmann, otolaryngologists in Los Angeles, California, who first described the system in 1985.[1] It is one of a number of facial nerve scoring systems, such as Burres-Fisch, Nottingham, Sunnybrook,[3] and Yanagihara.[4] Of these, the Nottingham scale has been identified as possibly being easier and more reproducible.[3] A modification of the original House–Brackmann score, called the "Facial Nerve Grading Scale 2.0" (FNGS2.0) was proposed in 2009.[4]
| Grade | Description | Measurement | Function % | Estimated function % |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| I | Normal | 8/8 | 100 | 100 |
| II | Slight | 7/8 | 76–99 | 80 |
| III | Moderate | 5/8–6/8 | 51–75 | 60 |
| IV | Moderately severe | 3/8–4/8 | 26–50 | 40 |
| V | Severe | 1/8–2/8 | 1–25 | 20 |
| VI | Total | 0/8 | 0 | 0 |
References
[edit]- ^ a b House JW, Brackmann DE (1985). "Facial nerve grading system". Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 93 (2): 146–147. doi:10.1177/019459988509300202. PMID 3921901. S2CID 39010206.146-147&rft.date=1985&rft_id=https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:39010206#id-name=S2CID&rft_id=info:pmid/3921901&rft_id=info:doi/10.1177/019459988509300202&rft.aulast=House&rft.aufirst=JW&rft.au=Brackmann, DE&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:House–Brackmann score" class="Z3988">
- ^ Danner CJ (June 2008). "Facial nerve paralysis". Otolaryngol. Clin. North Am. 41 (3): 619–32. doi:10.1016/j.otc.2008.01.008. PMID 18436002.619-32&rft.date=2008-06&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016/j.otc.2008.01.008&rft_id=info:pmid/18436002&rft.au=Danner CJ&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:House–Brackmann score" class="Z3988">
- ^ a b Kang TS, Vrabec JT, Giddings N, Terris DJ (September 2002). "Facial nerve grading systems (1985–2002): beyond the House-Brackmann scale". Otol. Neurotol. 23 (5): 767–71. doi:10.1097/00129492-200209500-00026. PMID 12218632. S2CID 40940881.767-71&rft.date=2002-09&rft_id=https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:40940881#id-name=S2CID&rft_id=info:pmid/12218632&rft_id=info:doi/10.1097/00129492-200209500-00026&rft.aulast=Kang&rft.aufirst=TS&rft.au=Vrabec, JT&rft.au=Giddings, N&rft.au=Terris, DJ&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:House–Brackmann score" class="Z3988">
- ^ a b Vrabec JT, Backous DD, Djalilian HR, et al. (April 2009). "Facial Nerve Grading System 2.0". Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 140 (4): 445–50. doi:10.1016/j.otohns.2008.12.031. PMID 19328328. S2CID 30041371.445-50&rft.date=2009-04&rft_id=https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:30041371#id-name=S2CID&rft_id=info:pmid/19328328&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016/j.otohns.2008.12.031&rft.aulast=Vrabec&rft.aufirst=JT&rft.au=Backous, DD&rft.au=Djalilian, HR&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:House–Brackmann score" class="Z3988">
External links
[edit]- The visual appearance of the defect is described here