GNAI2

GNAI2
Identifiers
Aliases	GNAI2, GIP, GNAI2B, H_LUCA15.1, H_LUCA16.1, G protein subunit alpha i2, HG1C
External IDs	OMIM: 139360; MGI: 95772; HomoloGene: 55539; GeneCards: GNAI2; OMA:GNAI2 - orthologs
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 3 (human)
End	50,259,362 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 9 (mouse)
End	107,512,566 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	granulocyte; ; monocyte; ; right lung; ; stromal cell of endometrium; ; C1 segment; ; right coronary artery; ; upper lobe of left lung; ; thoracic aorta; ; Descending thoracic aorta; ; ascending aorta;
	Top expressed in
	Ileal epithelium; ; granulocyte; ; external carotid artery; ; lactiferous gland; ; internal carotid artery; ; median eminence; ; entorhinal cortex; ; perirhinal cortex; ; choroid plexus of fourth ventricle; ; corneal stroma;
	More reference expression data
	More reference expression data
Gene ontology
Molecular function	nucleotide binding; G-protein beta/gamma-subunit complex binding; signal transducer activity; metal ion binding; protein binding; guanyl nucleotide binding; G protein-coupled receptor binding; GTP binding; GTPase activity;
Cellular component	cytoplasm; cell body; extracellular vesicle; centrosome; membrane; plasma membrane; nucleoplasm; microtubule organizing center; dendrite; midbody; heterotrimeric G-protein complex; membrane raft; extracellular exosome; cytoskeleton; nucleus; cytosol;
Biological process	gamma-aminobutyric acid signaling pathway; G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway; G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway; G protein-coupled adenosine receptor signaling pathway; negative regulation of adenylate cyclase activity; intracellular signal transduction; regulation of calcium ion transport; adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway; response to nutrient; adenylate cyclase-modulating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway; negative regulation of synaptic transmission; cell division; positive regulation of cell population proliferation; cell cycle; cell population proliferation; signal transduction; protein folding; adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway; positive regulation of cell migration; positive regulation of superoxide anion generation; positive regulation of NAD(P)H oxidase activity; positive regulation of urine volume; positive regulation of renal sodium excretion; negative regulation of calcium ion-dependent exocytosis; positive regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway; positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade; negative regulation of adenylate cyclase-activating adrenergic receptor signaling pathway involved in heart process; negative regulation of protein tyrosine phosphatase activity; positive regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell proliferation; positive regulation of neural precursor cell proliferation; negative regulation of apoptotic signaling pathway;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	2771
	14678
	ENSG00000114353
	ENSMUSG00000032562
	P04899
	P08752
NM_002070; NM_001166425; NM_001282617; NM_001282618; NM_001282619;
	NM_001282620
	NM_008138
NP_001159897; NP_001269546; NP_001269547; NP_001269548; NP_001269549;
	NP_002061
	NP_032164
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i), alpha-2 subunit is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GNAI2 gene.^[5]^[6]^[7]

Interactions

GNAI2 has been shown to interact with:

References

^ ^a ^b ^c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000114353 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ ^a ^b ^c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000032562 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ Didsbury JR, Ho YS, Snyderman R (Jan 1987). "Human Gi protein alpha-subunit: deduction of amino acid structure from a cloned cDNA". FEBS Letters. 211 (2): 160–4. doi:10.1016/0014-5793(87)81428-X. PMID 3100330. S2CID 84538635.
^ Magovcevic I, Ang SL, Seidman JG, Tolman CJ, Neer EJ, Morton CC (Jan 1992). "Regional localization of the human G protein alpha i2 (GNAI2) gene: assignment to 3p21 and a related sequence (GNAI2L) to 12p12-p13". Genomics. 12 (1): 125–9. doi:10.1016/0888-7543(92)90414-N. PMID 1733849.
^ "Entrez Gene: GNAI2 Guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), alpha inhibiting activity polypeptide 2".
^ Fan X, Brass LF, Poncz M, Spitz F, Maire P, Manning DR (Oct 2000). "The alpha subunits of Gz and Gi interact with the eyes absent transcription cofactor Eya2, preventing its interaction with the six class of homeodomain-containing proteins". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 275 (41): 32129–34. doi:10.1074/jbc.M004577200. PMID 10906137.
^ Marty C, Browning DD, Ye RD (Jun 2003). "Identification of tetratricopeptide repeat 1 as an adaptor protein that interacts with heterotrimeric G proteins and the small GTPase Ras". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 23 (11): 3847–58. doi:10.1128/mcb.23.11.3847-3858.2003. PMC 155206. PMID 12748287.
^ Mochizuki N, Cho G, Wen B, Insel PA (Nov 1996). "Identification and cDNA cloning of a novel human mosaic protein, LGN, based on interaction with G alpha i2". Gene. 181 (1–2): 39–43. doi:10.1016/s0378-1119(96)00456-8. PMID 8973305.
^ Damaj BB, McColl SR, Neote K, Songqing N, Ogborn KT, Hébert CA, Naccache PH (Oct 1996). "Identification of G-protein binding sites of the human interleukin-8 receptors by functional mapping of the intracellular loops". FASEB Journal. 10 (12): 1426–34. doi:10.1096/fasebj.10.12.8903513. PMID 8903513. S2CID 9744575.
^ Damaj BB, McColl SR, Mahana W, Crouch MF, Naccache PH (May 1996). "Physical association of Gi2alpha with interleukin-8 receptors". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 271 (22): 12783–9. doi:10.1074/jbc.271.22.12783. PMID 8662698.
^ Rual JF, Venkatesan K, Hao T, Hirozane-Kishikawa T, Dricot A, Li N, Berriz GF, Gibbons FD, Dreze M, Ayivi-Guedehoussou N, Klitgord N, Simon C, Boxem M, Milstein S, Rosenberg J, Goldberg DS, Zhang LV, Wong SL, Franklin G, Li S, Albala JS, Lim J, Fraughton C, Llamosas E, Cevik S, Bex C, Lamesch P, Sikorski RS, Vandenhaute J, Zoghbi HY, Smolyar A, Bosak S, Sequerra R, Doucette-Stamm L, Cusick ME, Hill DE, Roth FP, Vidal M (Oct 2005). "Towards a proteome-scale map of the human protein-protein interaction network". Nature. 437 (7062): 1173–8. Bibcode:2005Natur.437.1173R. doi:10.1038/nature04209. PMID 16189514. S2CID 4427026.
^ Chen C, Zheng B, Han J, Lin SC (Mar 1997). "Characterization of a novel mammalian RGS protein that binds to Galpha proteins and inhibits pheromone signaling in yeast". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 272 (13): 8679–85. doi:10.1074/jbc.272.13.8679. PMID 9079700.
^ Zhou J, Moroi K, Nishiyama M, Usui H, Seki N, Ishida J, Fukamizu A, Kimura S (Feb 2001). "Characterization of RGS5 in regulation of G protein-coupled receptor signaling". Life Sciences. 68 (13): 1457–69. doi:10.1016/s0024-3205(01)00939-0. PMID 11253162.
^ Tall GG, Krumins AM, Gilman AG (Mar 2003). "Mammalian Ric-8A (synembryn) is a heterotrimeric Galpha protein guanine nucleotide exchange factor". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 278 (10): 8356–62. doi:10.1074/jbc.M211862200. PMID 12509430.

Sidhu A, Niznik HB (Nov 2000). "Coupling of dopamine receptor subtypes to multiple and diverse G proteins". International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience. 18 (7): 669–77. doi:10.1016/S0736-5748(00)00033-2. PMID 10978845. S2CID 21002590.
Offermanns S, Schultz G, Rosenthal W (Feb 1991). "Evidence for opioid receptor-mediated activation of the G-proteins, Go and Gi2, in membranes of neuroblastoma x glioma (NG108-15) hybrid cells". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 266 (6): 3365–8. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(19)67799-9. PMID 1671672.
Cormont M, Le Marchand-Brustel Y, Van Obberghen E, Spiegel AM, Sharp GW (Sep 1991). "Identification of G protein alpha-subunits in RINm5F cells and their selective interaction with galanin receptor". Diabetes. 40 (9): 1170–6. doi:10.2337/diabetes.40.9.1170. PMID 1718802.
Bushfield M, Murphy GJ, Lavan BE, Parker PJ, Hruby VJ, Milligan G, Houslay MD (Jun 1990). "Hormonal regulation of Gi2 alpha-subunit phosphorylation in intact hepatocytes". The Biochemical Journal. 268 (2): 449–57. doi:10.1042/bj2680449. PMC 1131453. PMID 2114093.
Lyons J, Landis CA, Harsh G, Vallar L, Grünewald K, Feichtinger H, Duh QY, Clark OH, Kawasaki E, Bourne HR (Aug 1990). "Two G protein oncogenes in human endocrine tumors". Science. 249 (4969): 655–9. Bibcode:1990Sci...249..655L. doi:10.1126/science.2116665. PMID 2116665.
Osawa S, Dhanasekaran N, Woon CW, Johnson GL (Nov 1990). "G alpha i-G alpha s chimeras define the function of alpha chain domains in control of G protein activation and beta gamma subunit complex interactions". Cell. 63 (4): 697–706. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(90)90136-3. PMID 2121366. S2CID 53254447.
McClue SJ, Milligan G (Sep 1990). "The alpha 2B adrenergic receptor of undifferentiated neuroblastoma x glioma hybrid NG108-15 cells, interacts directly with the guanine nucleotide binding protein, Gi2". FEBS Letters. 269 (2): 430–4. doi:10.1016/0014-5793(90)81209-7. PMID 2169434. S2CID 24246875.
Rudolph U, Koesling D, Hinsch KD, Seifert R, Bigalke M, Schultz G, Rosenthal W (May 1989). "G-protein alpha-subunits in cytosolic and membranous fractions of human neutrophils". Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology. 63 (1–2): 143–53. doi:10.1016/0303-7207(89)90090-7. PMID 2502457. S2CID 54288899.
Lang JC, Costa T (1990). "Distribution of the alpha-subunit of the guanine nucleotide-binding protein Gi2 and its comparison to G alpha o". Journal of Receptor Research. 9 (4–5): 313–29. doi:10.3109/10799898909066061. PMID 2512386.
Itoh H, Toyama R, Kozasa T, Tsukamoto T, Matsuoka M, Kaziro Y (May 1988). "Presence of three distinct molecular species of Gi protein alpha subunit. Structure of rat cDNAs and human genomic DNAs". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 263 (14): 6656–64. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(18)68692-2. PMID 2834384.
Weinstein LS, Spiegel AM, Carter AD (May 1988). "Cloning and characterization of the human gene for the alpha-subunit of Gi2, a GTP-binding signal transduction protein". FEBS Letters. 232 (2): 333–40. doi:10.1016/0014-5793(88)80764-6. PMID 2837412. S2CID 8096145.
Beals CR, Wilson CB, Perlmutter RM (Nov 1987). "A small multigene family encodes Gi signal-transduction proteins". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 84 (22): 7886–90. Bibcode:1987PNAS...84.7886B. doi:10.1073/pnas.84.22.7886. PMC 299440. PMID 3120178.
Williamson EA, Ince PG, Harrison D, Kendall-Taylor P, Harris PE (Feb 1995). "G-protein mutations in human pituitary adrenocorticotrophic hormone-secreting adenomas". European Journal of Clinical Investigation. 25 (2): 128–31. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1995.tb01537.x. PMID 7737262. S2CID 42652404.
Takigawa M, Sakurai T, Kasuya Y, Abe Y, Masaki T, Goto K (Feb 1995). "Molecular identification of guanine-nucleotide-binding regulatory proteins which couple to endothelin receptors". European Journal of Biochemistry. 228 (1): 102–8. doi:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1995.0102o.x. PMID 7882989.
Grassie MA, Milligan G (Mar 1995). "Analysis of the relative interactions between the alpha 2C10 adrenoceptor and the guanine-nucleotide-binding proteins G(o)1 alpha and Gi 2 alpha following co-expression of these polypeptides in rat 1 fibroblasts". The Biochemical Journal. 306 (2): 525–30. doi:10.1042/bj3060525. PMC 1136549. PMID 7887906.
Migeon JC, Thomas SL, Nathanson NM (Nov 1994). "Regulation of cAMP-mediated gene transcription by wild type and mutated G-protein alpha subunits. Inhibition of adenylyl cyclase activity by muscarinic receptor-activated and constitutively activated G(o) alpha". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 269 (46): 29146–52. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(19)62023-5. PMID 7961880.
Wennogle LP, Conder L, Winter C, Braunwalder A, Vlattas S, Kramer R, Cioffi C, Hu SI (Jul 1994). "Stabilization of C5a receptor--G-protein interactions through ligand binding". Journal of Cellular Biochemistry. 55 (3): 380–8. doi:10.1002/jcb.240550316. PMID 7962171. S2CID 36216040.
Valet P, Senard JM, Devedjian JC, Planat V, Salomon R, Voisin T, Drean G, Couvineau A, Daviaud D, Denis C (May 1993). "Characterization and distribution of alpha 2-adrenergic receptors in the human intestinal mucosa". The Journal of Clinical Investigation. 91 (5): 2049–57. doi:10.1172/JCI116427. PMC 288203. PMID 8098045.

[refGRCh38Ensembl-1] GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000114353 – Ensembl, May 2017

[refGRCm38Ensembl-2] GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000032562 – Ensembl, May 2017

[3] "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[4] "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[pmid3100330-5] Didsbury JR, Ho YS, Snyderman R (Jan 1987). "Human Gi protein alpha-subunit: deduction of amino acid structure from a cloned cDNA". FEBS Letters. 211 (2): 160–4. doi:10.1016/0014-5793(87)81428-X. PMID 3100330. S2CID 84538635.

[pmid1733849-6] Magovcevic I, Ang SL, Seidman JG, Tolman CJ, Neer EJ, Morton CC (Jan 1992). "Regional localization of the human G protein alpha i2 (GNAI2) gene: assignment to 3p21 and a related sequence (GNAI2L) to 12p12-p13". Genomics. 12 (1): 125–9. doi:10.1016/0888-7543(92)90414-N. PMID 1733849.

[7] "Entrez Gene: GNAI2 Guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), alpha inhibiting activity polypeptide 2".

[pmid10906137-8] Fan X, Brass LF, Poncz M, Spitz F, Maire P, Manning DR (Oct 2000). "The alpha subunits of Gz and Gi interact with the eyes absent transcription cofactor Eya2, preventing its interaction with the six class of homeodomain-containing proteins". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 275 (41): 32129–34. doi:10.1074/jbc.M004577200. PMID 10906137.

[pmid12748287-9] Marty C, Browning DD, Ye RD (Jun 2003). "Identification of tetratricopeptide repeat 1 as an adaptor protein that interacts with heterotrimeric G proteins and the small GTPase Ras". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 23 (11): 3847–58. doi:10.1128/mcb.23.11.3847-3858.2003. PMC 155206. PMID 12748287.

[pmid8973305-10] Mochizuki N, Cho G, Wen B, Insel PA (Nov 1996). "Identification and cDNA cloning of a novel human mosaic protein, LGN, based on interaction with G alpha i2". Gene. 181 (1–2): 39–43. doi:10.1016/s0378-1119(96)00456-8. PMID 8973305.

[pmid8903513-11] Damaj BB, McColl SR, Neote K, Songqing N, Ogborn KT, Hébert CA, Naccache PH (Oct 1996). "Identification of G-protein binding sites of the human interleukin-8 receptors by functional mapping of the intracellular loops". FASEB Journal. 10 (12): 1426–34. doi:10.1096/fasebj.10.12.8903513. PMID 8903513. S2CID 9744575.

[pmid8662698-12] Damaj BB, McColl SR, Mahana W, Crouch MF, Naccache PH (May 1996). "Physical association of Gi2alpha with interleukin-8 receptors". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 271 (22): 12783–9. doi:10.1074/jbc.271.22.12783. PMID 8662698.

[pmid16189514-13] Rual JF, Venkatesan K, Hao T, Hirozane-Kishikawa T, Dricot A, Li N, Berriz GF, Gibbons FD, Dreze M, Ayivi-Guedehoussou N, Klitgord N, Simon C, Boxem M, Milstein S, Rosenberg J, Goldberg DS, Zhang LV, Wong SL, Franklin G, Li S, Albala JS, Lim J, Fraughton C, Llamosas E, Cevik S, Bex C, Lamesch P, Sikorski RS, Vandenhaute J, Zoghbi HY, Smolyar A, Bosak S, Sequerra R, Doucette-Stamm L, Cusick ME, Hill DE, Roth FP, Vidal M (Oct 2005). "Towards a proteome-scale map of the human protein-protein interaction network". Nature. 437 (7062): 1173–8. Bibcode:2005Natur.437.1173R. doi:10.1038/nature04209. PMID 16189514. S2CID 4427026.

[pmid9079700-14] Chen C, Zheng B, Han J, Lin SC (Mar 1997). "Characterization of a novel mammalian RGS protein that binds to Galpha proteins and inhibits pheromone signaling in yeast". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 272 (13): 8679–85. doi:10.1074/jbc.272.13.8679. PMID 9079700.

[pmid11253162-15] Zhou J, Moroi K, Nishiyama M, Usui H, Seki N, Ishida J, Fukamizu A, Kimura S (Feb 2001). "Characterization of RGS5 in regulation of G protein-coupled receptor signaling". Life Sciences. 68 (13): 1457–69. doi:10.1016/s0024-3205(01)00939-0. PMID 11253162.

[pmid12509430-16] Tall GG, Krumins AM, Gilman AG (Mar 2003). "Mammalian Ric-8A (synembryn) is a heterotrimeric Galpha protein guanine nucleotide exchange factor". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 278 (10): 8356–62. doi:10.1074/jbc.M211862200. PMID 12509430.

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Interactions

References

Further reading