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Oracle Exadata

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Oracle Exadata
Original author(s)Oracle Corporation
Initial releaseOctober 2008
Operating systemOracle Linux
PlatformExadata Database Machine, Exadata Database Service, Exadata Cloud@Customer
LicenseCommercial
Websitewww.oracle.com/exadata
Larry Ellison and Exadata (2009)

Oracle Exadata (Exadata[1]) is a computing system optimized for running Oracle Databases.

Exadata is a combined hardware and software platform that includes scale-out x86-64 compute and storage servers, RoCE networking, RDMA-addressable memory acceleration, NVMe flash, and specialized software.[2]

Exadata was introduced in 2008 for on-premises deployment, and since October 2015, via the Oracle Cloud as a subscription service, known as the Exadata Database Service on Dedicated Infrastructure,[3] and Exadata Database Service on Exascale Infrastructure.[4] Exadata Cloud@Customer[5] is a hybrid cloud (on-premises) deployment of Exadata Database Service.

Use cases

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Exadata is designed to run all Oracle Database workloads, such as OLTP, Data Warehousing, Analytics, and AI vector processing, often with multiple consolidated databases running simultaneously.

Historically, specialized database computing platforms were designed for a particular workload, such as Data Warehousing, and poor or unusable for other workloads, such as OLTP. Exadata specializes in mixed workloads sharing system resources with resource management features for prioritization, such as favoring workloads servicing interactive users over reporting and batch. Long running requests, characterized by Data Warehouses, reports, batch jobs and Analytics, are reported to run many times faster compared to a conventional, non-Exadata database server.[6][7]

Release History

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Exadata Release Primary Software Enhancements Primary Hardware Enhancements
Exadata Exascale

July, 2024

Fully elastic pay-per-use architecture. Users specify the cores and storage capacity needed, reducing entry-level infrastructure costs for Exadata Database Service and aligning costs with usage None
Large pools of shared compute and storage allow databases to quickly scale over time without concern for server-based size limitations or disruptive migrations None
Rapid and efficient database snapshots and thin cloning None
X10M - June 2023 Exadata RDMA Memory (XRMEM) DRAM cache 3x increase in compute cores (96-core AMD EPYC)
Oracle Linux 8 and UEK 6 kernel updates 1.5x higher memory capacity
New In-Memory Columnar compression algorithm 2.5x faster DDR5 memory
Optimized Smart Scan for more complex queries 2.4x higher flash storage capacity (in all-flash storage)
Faster decryption and decompression 22% more disk storage capacity
X9M - Sept, 2021 Secure RDMA fabric isolation PCIe 4.0 dual-port active-active 100 Gb RoCE network
Smart Flash Log write-back 33% increase in compute cores
Storage Index and Columnar Cache persistence 33% increase in memory capacity
Faster decryption and decompression Algorithms 28% increase in disk capacity
Smart Scan performance optimizations 1.8x greater internal fabric bandwidth (PCIe 4.0)
1.8x greater flash bandwidth (PCIe 4.0)
X8M - Sept, 2019 RoCE: RDMA over Converged Ethernet Persistent Memory (PMEM) in storage
Persistent Memory Data Accelerator 100 Gbit/s internal fabric (2.5x increase)
Persistent Memory Commit Accelerator
KVM virtual machine support
X8 - April, 2019 AIDE: Advanced Intrusion Detection Environment Storage Server Extended (XT)
ML-based monitoring and auto-indexing 40% increase in disk capacity
Real-time updates of optimizer statistics 60% increase in storage processor cores
X7 - Oct, 2017 In-memory database in flash storage 2x increase in flash capacity
DRAM cache in storage 25% increase in disk capacity
Large-scale storage software updates 25 Gbit/s data center Ethernet support
Exadata Cloud@Customer Exadata Cloud Service on-premises
X6 - April, 2016 Exafusion direct-to-wire OLTP protocol 2x increase in flash capacity
Smart Fusion Block Transfer 10% increase in compute cores
Smart Flash Log 2x increase in memory capacity
Exadata Cloud Service Exadata on Oracle Cloud Infrastructure (OCI)
X5 - Dec, 2014 In-memory database fault tolerance 2x increase in flash & disk capacity
Database snapshots Elastic configurations
Xen virtual machine support All-flash storage server option
NVMe flash protocol support 50% increase in compute cores
IPv6 support 50% increase in memory capacity
X4 - Nov, 2013 Network Resource Management 2x increase in flash capacity
I/O latency capping 2x increase in memory capacity
Capacity-on-Demand licensing 50% increase in compute cores
Active/Active InfiniBand (2x increase) 33% increase in disk capacity
X3 - Sept, 2013 Smart Flash Cache write-back Eighth-Rack configuration
Improved management of slow disks/flash 4x increase in flash capacity
Sub-second brownout after storage failure 33% increase in compute cores
Simplified disk replacement 75% increase in memory capacity
Bypass predictive disk failure 2x increase in data center bandwidth
X2 - Sept, 2010 Smart Flash Log 8-socket (X2-8) configuration
Auto Service Request Storage Expansion Rack
Secure Erase of storage Hardware-based decryption
Platinum Services 50% increase in compute cores
2x increase in memory capacity
50% increase in disk capacity
8x increase in data center bandwidth
v2 - Sept, 2009 Storage Indexes Flash storage
Database-aware Smart Flash Cache Quarter-Rack configuration
Hybrid Columnar Compression 2x increase in memory & disk capacity
3x increase in data center bandwidth
40 Gbit/s internal fabric (2x increase)
v1 - Sept, 2008 Oracle Enterprise Linux Scale-out 4-socket compute servers
Smart Scan (storage offload) Scale-out 4-socket storage servers
IORM (I/O Resource Manager) 20 Gbit/s internal fabric (InfiniBand)
Join filtering (Bloom filters) 1 Terabyte disks
Incremental backup filtering 1 Gbit/s data center network (Ethernet)
Smart file creation

Support Policy

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As the platform has been around since 2008, Oracle has published information related to the end-of-support for older Exadata generations. In Oracle's published document titled Oracle Hardware and Systems Support Policies,[8] they mention "After five years from last ship date, replacement parts may not be available and/or the response times for sending replacement parts may be delayed." To look up the "last ship date" of a particular Oracle Exadata generation, Oracle published a document titled Oracle Exadata - A guide for decision makers.[9]

References

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  1. ^ Various (July 11, 2024). "Oracle Exadata". oracle.com. Retrieved July 11, 2024.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  2. ^ Pedregal-Martin, Cristobal. "Exadata: Why and What".
  3. ^ Various (July 11, 2024). "Oracle Exadata Database Service on Dedicated Infrastructure". oracle.com. Retrieved July 11, 2024.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  4. ^ Various (July 11, 2024). "Exadata Database Service on Exascale Infrastructure". oracle.com. Retrieved July 11, 2024.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  5. ^ Various (July 11, 2024). "Oracle Exadata Cloud@Customer". oracle.com. Retrieved July 11, 2024.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  6. ^ Various (July 11, 2024). "Exadata Customer Success Stories". oracle.com. Retrieved July 11, 2024.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  7. ^ Various (July 11, 2024). "Gartner Peer Insights: Oracle Exadata Database Machine". Gartner.com. Retrieved July 11, 2024.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  8. ^ "Oracle Hardware and Systems Support Policies" (PDF). Retrieved March 5, 2021.
  9. ^ Various. "Oracle Exadata - A guide for decision makers" (PDF). oracle.com. Retrieved July 11, 2024.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
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