Echinopsidine

Echinopsidine
Clinical data
Other names	Echinopsidine Iodide
Routes of; administration	Oral
ATC code	none;
Legal status
Legal status	In general: ℞ (Prescription only);
Identifiers
	IUPAC name 1-Methyl-2,3-dihydroquinolin-4-imine;
CAS Number	2400-75-1 ; 58916-73-7 (hydroiodide);
PubChem CID	161462;
ChemSpider	141825;
UNII	U3WB825N39;
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C10H12N2
Molar mass	160.220 g·mol−1

Echinopsidine (Adepren) is an antidepressant that was under development in Bulgaria for the treatment of depression.^[1]^[2] It increases serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine levels in the brain and is believed to act as a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI).^[3]^[4]^[5] Echinopsidine is found naturally in Echinops echinatus along with the related alkaloids echinopsine and echinozolinone.^[6]

References

^ Guliamov MG (1982). "[Experience with the use of new Bulgarian psychotropic drugs]". Zhurnal Nevropatologii I Psikhiatrii Imeni S.S. Korsakova (in Russian). 82 (11): 115–122. PMID 6758442.
^ Guliamov MG (1986). "[Comparative evaluation of the therapeutic efficacy of the antidepressants adepren, linamiphen and emovit]". Zhurnal Nevropatologii I Psikhiatrii Imeni S.S. Korsakova (in Russian). 86 (4): 582–587. PMID 3716711.
^ Tiutiulkova N, Gorancheva I (1978). "[Effect of adepren on the cerebral concentration of serotonin]". Eksperimentalna Meditsina I Morfologiia (in Bulgarian). 17 (2): 83–85. PMID 658004.
^ Stefanova D, Tiutiulkova N, Nikolova M (1976). "[Effect of adepren on the behavior and brain catecholamines of rats in an open field setup]". Eksperimentalna Meditsina I Morfologiia (in Bulgarian). 15 (1): 42–46. PMID 1269462.
^ Tiutiulkova NI, Gorancheva I (1975). "[Excretion of dopamine, noradrenaline, adrenaline, vanilmandelic acid and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in the urine of volunteers treated with adepren]". Eksperimentalna Meditsina I Morfologiia (in Bulgarian). 14 (4): 187–189. PMID 1222713.
^ Khare CP (2007). "Echinops echinatus Roxb.". Indian Medicinal Plants An Illustrated Dictionary. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. ISBN 978-0-387-70637-5.

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[pmid6758442-1] Guliamov MG (1982). "[Experience with the use of new Bulgarian psychotropic drugs]". Zhurnal Nevropatologii I Psikhiatrii Imeni S.S. Korsakova (in Russian). 82 (11): 115–122. PMID 6758442.

[pmid3716711-2] Guliamov MG (1986). "[Comparative evaluation of the therapeutic efficacy of the antidepressants adepren, linamiphen and emovit]". Zhurnal Nevropatologii I Psikhiatrii Imeni S.S. Korsakova (in Russian). 86 (4): 582–587. PMID 3716711.

[pmid658004-3] Tiutiulkova N, Gorancheva I (1978). "[Effect of adepren on the cerebral concentration of serotonin]". Eksperimentalna Meditsina I Morfologiia (in Bulgarian). 17 (2): 83–85. PMID 658004.

[pmid1269462-4] Stefanova D, Tiutiulkova N, Nikolova M (1976). "[Effect of adepren on the behavior and brain catecholamines of rats in an open field setup]". Eksperimentalna Meditsina I Morfologiia (in Bulgarian). 15 (1): 42–46. PMID 1269462.

[pmid1222713-5] Tiutiulkova NI, Gorancheva I (1975). "[Excretion of dopamine, noradrenaline, adrenaline, vanilmandelic acid and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in the urine of volunteers treated with adepren]". Eksperimentalna Meditsina I Morfologiia (in Bulgarian). 14 (4): 187–189. PMID 1222713.

[isbn0-387-70637-2-6] Khare CP (2007). "Echinops echinatus Roxb.". Indian Medicinal Plants An Illustrated Dictionary. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. ISBN 978-0-387-70637-5.

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v t e Anxiolytics (N05B)
5-HT_1ARTooltip 5-HT1A receptor agonists	Buspirone Gepirone Tandospirone
GABA_ARTooltip GABAA receptor PAMsTooltip positive allosteric modulators	Benzodiazepines: Adinazolam Alprazolam Bromazepam Camazepam Chlordiazepoxide Clobazam Clonazepam Clorazepate Clotiazepam Cloxazolam Diazepam^# Ethyl loflazepate Etizolam Fludiazepam Halazepam Ketazolam Lorazepam^# Medazepam Nordazepam Oxazepam Pinazepam Prazepam; Others: Alpidem^‡ Barbiturates (e.g., phenobarbital) Carbamates (e.g., meprobamate) Carisoprodol Chlormezanone^‡ Ethanol (alcohol) Etifoxine
Hypnotics	Zopiclone
Gabapentinoids (α₂δ VDCC blockers)	Gabapentin Gabapentin enacarbil Phenibut Pregabalin
Antidepressants	SSRIsTooltip Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (e.g., escitalopram) SNRIsTooltip Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (e.g., duloxetine) SARIsTooltip Serotonin antagonist and reuptake inhibitors (e.g., trazodone) TCAsTooltip Tricyclic antidepressants (e.g., clomipramine^#) TeCAsTooltip Tetracyclic antidepressants (e.g., mirtazapine) MAOIsTooltip Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (e.g., phenelzine); Others: Agomelatine Bupropion Tianeptine Vilazodone Vortioxetine
Antipsychotics	Quetiapine Flupentixol
Sympatholytics (Antiadrenergics)	Alpha-1 blockers (e.g., prazosin) Alpha-2 agonists (e.g., clonidine, dexmedetomidine, guanfacine) Beta blockers (e.g., propranolol)
Others	Benzoctamine Cycloserine Fabomotizole Hydroxyzine Lorpiprazole Mebicar Mepiprazole Nicotine Opipramol Oxaflozane^‡ Phenaglycodol Phenibut Picamilon Selank Tiagabine Tofisopam Validolum
^#WHO-EM ^‡Withdrawn from market Clinical trials: ^†Phase III ^§Never to phase III

See also

References