Drug liking
Drug liking is a measure of the pleasurable (hedonic) experience when a person consumes drugs.[1] It is commonly used to study the misuse liability of drugs.[2][3][4] Drug liking is often measured using unipolar and bipolar visual analogue scales (VAS), such as the Drug Liking VAS, the High VAS, the Take Drug Again (TDA) VAS, and the Overall Drug Liking (ODL) VAS.[2][4] There is a dissociation of drug liking from drug wanting (unconscious attribution of incentive salience).[1][5] Drugs that increase scores on drug-liking measures include amphetamines, cocaine, methylphenidate, MDMA, opioids, benzodiazepines, Z-drugs, barbiturates, alcohol, nicotine, and caffeine (limitedly), among others.[3][6][4][7][8][9][10][11][12]
References
[edit]- ^ a b Tibboel H, De Houwer J, Van Bockstaele B (October 2015). "Implicit measures of "wanting" and "liking" in humans". Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 57: 350–64. doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.09.015. hdl:1854/LU-6956559. PMID 26432503. S2CID 16243037.
- ^ a b Sellers EM (April 2018). "Improving the Clinical Pharmacologic Assessment of Abuse Potential: Part 2: Optimizing the Design of Human Abuse Potential Studies". J Clin Psychopharmacol. 38 (2): 113–118. doi:10.1097/JCP.0000000000000838. PMID 29360651. S2CID 3506269.
- ^ a b Foltin RW, Fischman MW (June 1991). "Assessment of abuse liability of stimulant drugs in humans: a methodological survey". Drug Alcohol Depend. 28 (1): 3–48. doi:10.1016/0376-8716(91)90052-z. PMID 1679387.
- ^ a b c Comer SD, Zacny JP, Dworkin RH, Turk DC, Bigelow GE, Foltin RW, Jasinski DR, Sellers EM, Adams EH, Balster R, Burke LB, Cerny I, Colucci RD, Cone E, Cowan P, Farrar JT, Haddox DJ, Haythornthwaite JA, Hertz S, Jay GW, Johanson CE, Junor R, Katz NP, Klein M, Kopecky EA, Leiderman DB, McDermott MP, O'Brien C, O'Connor AB, Palmer PP, Raja SN, Rappaport BA, Rauschkolb C, Rowbotham MC, Sampaio C, Setnik B, Sokolowska M, Stauffer JW, Walsh SL (December 2012). "Core outcome measures for opioid abuse liability laboratory assessment studies in humans: IMMPACT recommendations". Pain. 153 (12): 2315–2324. doi:10.1016/j.pain.2012.07.035. PMC 3494795. PMID 22998781.
- ^ Robinson TE, Berridge KC (1993). "The neural basis of drug craving: an incentive-sensitization theory of addiction". Brain Res Brain Res Rev. 18 (3): 247–91. doi:10.1016/0165-0173(93)90013-p. hdl:2027.42/30601. PMID 8401595. S2CID 13471436.
- ^ Ermer JC, Pennick M, Frick G (May 2016). "Lisdexamfetamine Dimesylate: Prodrug Delivery, Amphetamine Exposure and Duration of Efficacy". Clin Drug Investig. 36 (5): 341–56. doi:10.1007/s40261-015-0354-y. PMC 4823324. PMID 27021968.
- ^ Volkow ND, Swanson JM (November 2003). "Variables that affect the clinical use and abuse of methylphenidate in the treatment of ADHD". Am J Psychiatry. 160 (11): 1909–18. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.160.11.1909. PMID 14863733.
- ^ Baylen CA, Rosenberg H (July 2006). "A review of the acute subjective effects of MDMA/ecstasy". Addiction. 101 (7): 933–47. doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2006.01423.x. PMID 16771886.
- ^ Griffiths RR, Roache JD (1985). "Abuse Liability of Benzodiazepines:A Review of Human Studies Evaluating Subjective and/or Reinforcing Effects". The Benzodiazepines: Current Standards for Medical Practice. Springer Netherlands. pp. 209–225. doi:10.1007/978-94-009-4886-0_16. ISBN 978-94-010-8663-9.
- ^ Kuhn CM, Koob GF, Heinz A, Beck A, Mir J, Grüsser SM, Grace AA, Wrase J (2010). Alcohol Craving and Relapse Prediction: Imaging Studies. Frontiers in Neuroscience. CRC Press. ISBN 978-0-8493-7391-6. PMID 21656973.
- ^ Kalman D, Smith SS (June 2005). "Does nicotine do what we think it does? A meta-analytic review of the subjective effects of nicotine in nasal spray and intravenous studies with smokers and nonsmokers". Nicotine Tob Res. 7 (3): 317–33. doi:10.1080/14622200500125385. PMID 16085500.
- ^ Griffiths RR, Woodson PP (February 1988). "Reinforcing properties of caffeine: studies in humans and laboratory animals". Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 29 (2): 419–27. doi:10.1016/0091-3057(88)90180-3. PMID 3283780. S2CID 25399469.