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Beşiktaş J.K.

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Beşiktaş
Full nameBeşiktaş Jimnastik Kulübü[1]
Nickname(s)Kara Kartallar (lit. 'Black Eagles')[2][3]
Siyah Beyazlılar (lit. 'Black and Whites')[4]
Short nameBJK
Founded3 March 1903; 121 years ago (1903-03-03)
as Bereket Jimnastik Kulübü[5] 1909 as Beşiktaş Jimnastik Kulübü
StadiumBeşiktaş Stadium (currently known as Tüpraş Stadium due to sponsorship reasons)
Capacity42,590
PresidentHasan Arat[6]
CoachGiovanni van Bronckhorst
LeagueSüper Lig
2023–24Süper Lig, 6th of 20
Websitebjk.com.tr
Current season
Active departments of
Beşiktaş J.K.
AthleticsBasketball
(Men's)
(Women's)		Boxing
BridgeChesse-Sports
Football
(Men's)
(Women's)		GymnasticsHandball
(Men's)
RowingTable tennisVolleyball
(Men's)
(Women's)
Wheelchair
basketball		Wrestling

Beşiktaş Jimnastik Kulübü (Turkish pronunciation: [beˈʃiktaʃ], lit. 'Beşiktaş Gymnastics Club'), abbreviated as BJK, is a Turkish professional sports club founded in 1903 that is based in the Beşiktaş district of Istanbul. The club's football team is one of the Big Three in Turkey and one of the most successful teams in the country, having never been relegated to a lower division. It was the first registered sports club in the country and one of the few that acquired the right to bear the Turkish flag on its crest.

Its football team has won 21 league titles including 16 Turkish Süper Lig, three Turkish National Division and two Turkish Football Championship titles. Beşiktaş is also the only team to have won the Süper Lig undefeated, in the 1991–92 campaign. The team last won the Turkish Süper Lig title and Turkish Cup during the 2020–21 season. Its home ground is Beşiktaş Stadium, a 42,590-capacity all-seater stadium located by Dolmabahçe Palace. The stadium has been considered one of the best in the world for location, design, comfort, technology, atmosphere, and transportation.[7][8]

The team also participates in European competitions regularly. Beşiktaş reached the quarter-finals of the 1986–87 European Cup and displayed the best Turkish team performance in the Champions League group stage by earning 14 points and progressing undefeated in the 2017–18 campaign. Beşiktaş have also reached the UEFA Europa League[a] quarter-finals twice, in the 2002–03 and 2016–17 seasons. Based on its UEFA coefficient, Beşiktaş is currently the 5th highest ranked Turkish team and is ranked second all-time after its rival Galatasaray.[9]

The club's fan base, Çarşı, is well known globally.[10] They were chosen as the best fan group in voting conducted by American sports viewers due to their 132-decibel noise record at a 2007 match against Liverpool.[11] The group is involved with sociopolitical causes and is traditionally considered to be working-class and left-wing, supporting what is known as "the people's team".[12] The highest ever football attendance in Turkish league history was recorded in a Beşiktaş-Galatasaray derby with 76,127 spectators.[13][14]

The club also competes in other sports such as women's football, basketball (men's, women's and wheelchair), volleyball (men's and women's), handball, athletics, beach football, boxing, bridge, chess, gymnastics, athletics, parasports, rowing, table tennis, wrestling and esports.[15]

History

[edit]

1902–1911: establishment of the club

[edit]
Members of Beşiktaş JK in 1903

Bereket Gymnastics Club was founded on 3 March 1903 under special permission from the authorities.[16][better source needed] Their sporting activities gained more freedom with the declaration of the Constitutional Monarchy in 1908. After the political events of 31 March 1909, Fuat Balkan and Mazhar Kazancı, who were in Edirne,[17] came to Istanbul with the National Movement.[18] After the restoration of political order, Fuat Balkan, a proven fencing coach, and Mazhar Kazancı, a wrestler and weight lifter, found the youths involved in gymnastics in Serencebey and persuaded them to train together.[18] Refik Bey and Şerafettin Bey, friends of Fuat Bey, were also fencing practitioners. Fuat Balkan made the first floor of his own home as the club's headquarters, located in Ihlamur neighbourhood of Beşiktaş.[18] The title of "Bereket Gymnastics Club" was renamed as "Beşiktaş Ottoman Gymnastics Club". The club was turned into a more comprehensive structure, in which gymnastics, wrestling, boxing, fencing and athletics were emphasized. Mehmet Şamil Şhaplı, one of the founding members, was elected the first president of the club.[18]

On 13 January 1910, the club became the first registered Turkish sports club in Ottoman Empire, with the encouragement of the Governor of Beyoğlu District.[19] The interest among the youths of the neighbourhood in the sports club grew, and the number of members involved in sports quickly grew to 150. The headquarters of the club was moved from Ihlamur, Beşiktaş to Building No. 49 in Akaretler, Beşiktaş. When this building became too small, Building 84, also in Akaretler, Beşiktaş, became their headquarters.[19] The yard behind this building was turned into a sports pitch.[19]

Some of the young patriots from the Beşiktaş district of Istanbul formed two football clubs called "Valideçeşme" and "Basiret" under the leadership of Şeref Bey. Local football clubs "Valideçeşme" and "Basiret" joined the club, in 1911.[20][21]

For years, the original colours of Beşiktaş were believed to be "Red and White"; and then temporarily changed into "Black and White", commemorating the martyrs of Balkan Wars, including players of the club.[22] Although most written sources endorse this claim, a detailed study carried out for Beşiktaş's 100th anniversary documentary had shown that colour red was never used in club's first colours; and colours of the club were always "black and white".[23]

1911–1959: initial years of football

[edit]
1923–24 Istanbul Football League champion squad[b]

With football becoming the main sport of the Ottoman Empire around 1910, Beşiktaş members slowly started to give more attention to football.[c] In August 1911, Ahmed Şerafettin started the football team. With the outbreak of World War I following the Balkan Wars, sporting activities at the club effectively came to a halt as many athletes left to serve on the front lines.[21] While the end of the war allowed surviving athletes to return, the team faced a difficult period during the Occupation of Istanbul, but was able to recover with the hard work of Şeref Bey.[27] Beşiktaş did not enter the Istanbul Friday and Sunday leagues, and did not have any championships until 1918, when they won the Istanbul Turkish 1st Sports League.

In 1921, that particular league's final season, they won it again. In 1924, Beşiktaş entered the Istanbul Football League along with Galatasaray, Fenerbahçe and other Istanbul teams. Beşiktaş became the league's first champion of 1923–24 season,[28] but was unable to have more success in the league. Galatasaray and Fenerbahçe were the two dominant teams through the middle of the 1930s.

Beşiktaş won their 2nd Istanbul League title in 1933–34 season,[29] as well as their first Turkish Football Championship in the same year, beating Altay in the final 3–1 on 29 October 1934.[30] In 1937, the Turkish National League was formed. In 1936–37 Istanbul Football League season prior to the National League's inaugural season, Beşiktaş finished in fourth place, which earned them a berth in the National League.[31] Beşiktaş finished 3rd place in the National League, behind Fenerbahçe and Galatasaray.[32] In 1937–38 season, Beşiktaş finished in 3rd place in the Istanbul League[33] and, 2nd place in the National League, behind Güneş.[34] Beşiktaş won a record five consecutive Istanbul League championships between 1939 and 1943.[35] In the National League, Beşiktaş finished 4th in 1939, 5th in 1940,[36] 1st in 1941[37] and 3rd in 1943 (in 1942 the league was not held). The club won 1944–45[38] and 1945–46 seasons[39] in Istanbul League, as well as the national league in 1944[40] and 1947.[41]

1959–2001: from Milli Lig to Süper Lig

[edit]
Former Turkish international Feyyaz Uçar was the top scorer of 1989–90 season with 28 goals.[42]
Former Turkish international Rıza Çalımbay was most played football player with 602 matches.

Professionalism in football in Turkey entered into force in 1952.[43] In 1959, the Millî Lig was formed, the nation's first professional football league.[44] Finishing in 2nd place at White Group and failing to reach the 2-legged-final in inaugural year of the competition,[45] Beşiktaş won their first title in the following season.[46] In 1960, the club also participated in the European Cup, becoming the first Turkish team ever to participate in the tournament. In subsequent years, Beşiktaş finished third in both 1961 and 1962,[47] as well as second in 1963,[48] 1964[49] and 1965.[49] In 1966 and 1967, meanwhile, the club won back-to-back championship titles,[50][51] and in the latter year, they also won their first Turkish Super Cup. In 1968, Beşiktaş finished second.[52]

After 1967, Beşiktaş's performance declined slightly, finishing in 8th, 12th, 5th, 4th many times, while Trabzonspor, Fenerbahçe and occasionally Galatasaray continued their success. Beşiktaş only finished in second place once in the decade, in 1973–74 season.[53]

Following a period of 15 seasons with no league title, Beşiktaş put an end to their poor performances in 1981–82 season with a surprise championship title under the management of Yugoslav trainer Đorđe Milić,[53] earning another in 1985–86 season.[54] They finished the league as runners-up four times in the second half of the decade.[55]

Hooliganism was a major problem that had started in Europe and had also spread throughout Turkey. Beşiktaş fan hooliganism had been an issue with many fights inside and outside the stadium, although this has become less of an issue in more recent years.[citation needed]

1987–1993: Gordon Milne era

[edit]
See also: Metin-Ali-Feyyaz

Beşiktaş had their most successful run in the Süper Lig with three consecutive championships under the management of Gordon Milne in the early 1990s.[56] Three players of the squad – Metin Tekin, Ali Gültiken and Feyyaz Uçar – were notable for significant contributions to the team during this period.[57] These players were known as Metin-Ali-Feyyaz ("MAF") and they formed the front of the team's line-up.[58][59] The trio is regarded by supporters as the best ever attacking line of the club.[60] The supporters composed various chants for the trio devoted to their delighting style on the pitch, their goals, and above all for their friendship and modesty.

The only three-in-a-row title term in club history occurred in the 1989–90, 1990–91 and 1991–92 seasons. Most notably, Beşiktaş became the first and only undefeated champions in Süper Lig history.[61][62]

Under Milne's management, the team adopted the 4–4–2 system. By playing down the lines, crossing and winning balls in the air, the team were in fine form and scored many goals. On 15 October 1989, Beşiktaş broke the Süper Lig record for the biggest winning margin in a game with a 10–0 victory over Adana Demirspor.[63] This match was designated as one of the 16 biggest matches in club history.[64] Collecting 79 points in 34 matches, Beşiktaş won the 1994–95 1. Lig with the German coach Christoph Daum with 79 points, 3 points ahead of Trabzonspor.[65][66]

2001–present: recent years

[edit]
Team during the 2015–16 season

The club won the Süper Lig title in 2002–03, the centenary year of its existence, under management of Romanian coach Mircea Lucescu,[67] Following a major squad change with 9 arrivals in summer transfer window, including the return of former players Sergen Yalçın and Serdar Topraktepe, winning all 4 Istanbul derbies, losing only 1 game in league fixtures, Beşiktaş secured the title in the penultimate round against Galatasaray with a last minute winner by Sergen Yalçın, concluding the game 1–0 at İnönü Stadium.[68] They also reached the quarter-finals of the 2002–03 UEFA Cup.[69] In the 2008–09 season, Beşiktaş won the league title with coach Mustafa Denizli.[70]

Following the arrival of Şenol Güneş as the head coach in 2015, Beşiktaş won the league back to back in 2015–16 and 2016–17. Following season, they made history as they became the first Turkish club to advance to the UEFA Champions League knockout phase undefeated.[71]

Beşiktaş won the league again in 2020–21, under the management of former player and club legend Sergen Yalçın.[72] On October 27, chaos broke out at the team general assembly, as supporters of the previous presedint and the current one clashed.[73]

Grounds

[edit]
Opened in 2016, Beşiktaş Stadium is the home stadium of the club.
Main articles: Taksim Stadium, Şeref Stadium, BJK İnönü Stadium, and Beşiktaş Stadium
For the youth and women's football departments stadium, see Fulya Hakkı Yeten Facility and İsmet İnönü Stadium.

Between establishing their football department and entering the Istanbul Football League, Beşiktaş played at various grounds. From 1924[74] they started to play their games at Taksim Stadium. [74]

İnönü Stadium hosted the home games of Beşiktaş for 66 years, between 1947 and 2013. The first football match was played there on 23 November 1947, when Beşiktaş hosted Swedish side AIK, in a friendly game which ended 3–2 in favour of the away team.[74][75] The club hosted their testimonial game against Gençlerbirliği in the 33rd match-day of the 2012–13 season, which ended in favour of the home side 3–0, on 11 May 2013.[76]

Since 2016, Beşiktaş have played their home games at Beşiktaş Stadium, the successor of İnönü Stadium.[77] The inaugural encounter was held between Beşiktaş and Bursaspor on week 28 of 2015–16 season, ending 3–2 as the first ever win of the hosting Beşiktaş, on 11 April 2016.[78][79]

Honours

[edit]
Main article: List of Beşiktaş J.K. Honors

Domestic leagues

[edit]
As of 1 August 2021[80]

Domestic cups

[edit]
As of 3rd August 2024[80]

Others

[edit]
As of 1 August 2021[80]
  • TSYD Cup
    • Winners (12) (shared-record):[83] 1964–65, 1965–66, 1971–72, 1972–73, 1974–75, 1983–84, 1984–85, 1988–89, 1989–90, 1990–91, 1993–94, 1996–97
  • Turkish Amateur Football Championship
  • Alpen Cup
    • Winners (1): 2004[86]
  • Efes Cup
    • Winners (1): 2006[87]
  • Soma Tournament
  • International Royal Cup
    • Winners (1): 2015[87]

European record

[edit]
Main article: Beşiktaş J.K. in European football

Statistics

[edit]
As of 3 September 2024[90]
Competition Pld W D L GS GA GD Win%
European Cup / Champions League 89 27 19 43 89 153 −64 030.34
UEFA Cup / UEFA Europa League 123 54 25 44 197 159 38 043.90
Cup Winners' Cup 20 4 4 12 21 38 −17 020.00
UEFA Conference League 12 7 1 4 21 19 2 058.33
Total 244 92 49 103 328 369 −41 037.70

UEFA club points ranking

[edit]
As of 10 January 2024[91]
Rank Team Points
119 Turkey Beşiktaş 12.000
120 Croatia Rijeka 12.000
121 Cyprus Omonia 12.000

Recent seasons

[edit]
Main article: List of Beşiktaş J.K. seasons
Results of league and cup competitions by season
Season League Domestic Cup Continental Other Top goalscorer(s)[d] Ref
Division Pos Pld W D L GS GA Pts Competition Result Competition Result Competition Result Name(s) Goals
2011–12 Süper Lig 4th 34 6 15 1 10 2 9 3 50 5 39 8 54 5 Turkish Cup 4th Round (round of 16) UEL Round of 16 — — Hugo Almeida 14 [e][94]
2012–13 Süper Lig 3rd 34 16 10 8 63 49 58 Turkish Cup 5th Round UEL Disqualified[f] — — Filip Hološko 12 [96]
2013–14 Süper Lig 3rd 34 17 11 6 53 33 62 Turkish Cup 4th Round UEL Play-off — — Hugo Almeida 15 [97]
2014–15 Süper Lig 3rd 34 21 6 7 55 32 69 Turkish Cup Round of 16 UCL
UEL 		Play-off
Round of 16 		— — Demba Ba 27 [98]
2015–16 Süper Lig 1st 34 25 4 5 75 25 79 Turkish Cup Quarter-finals UEL Group stage — — Mario Gómez 28 [99]
2016–17 Süper Lig 1st 34 23 8 3 73 30 77 Turkish Cup Round of 16 UCL
UEL 		Group stage
Quarter-finals 		Süper Kupa Runners-up Cenk Tosun 24 [100]
2017–18 Süper Lig 4th 34 21 8 5 69 30 71 Turkish Cup Semi-finals UCL Round of 16 Süper Kupa Runners-up Talisca 20 [101]
2018–19 Süper Lig 3rd 34 19 8 7 72 46 65 Turkish Cup Disqualified[102] UEL Group stage — — Burak Yılmaz 11 [103]
2019–20 Süper Lig 3rd 34 19 5 10 59 40 62 Turkish Cup 5th Round (round of 32) UEL Group stage — — Burak Yılmaz 19 [104]
2020–21 Süper Lig 1st 40 26 6 8 89 44 84 Turkish Cup Winners UCL
UEL 		Qualifying
Qualifying 		— — Cyle Larin 23 [105]
2021–22 Süper Lig 6th 38 15 14 9 56 48 59 Turkish Cup Quarter-finals UCL Group stage Süper Kupa Winners Michy Batshuayi 14 [106]
2022–23 Süper Lig 3rd 36 23 9 4 78 36 78 Turkish Cup Round of 16 — — — — Cenk Tosun 18 [107]
2023–24 Süper Lig 6th 38 16 8 14 52 47 56 Turkish Cup Winners UECL Group stage Süper Kupa Winners Semih Kılıçsoy
Vincent Aboubakar 		12 [108]

Players

[edit]

Current squad

[edit]
As of 18 September 2024[109][110]

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

No. Pos. Nation Player
2 DF Norway NOR Jonas Svensson
3 DF Brazil BRA Gabriel Paulista
4 DF Turkey TUR Onur Bulut
5 DF Turkey TUR Tayyip Talha Sanuç
6 MF Libya LBY Al-Musrati
7 FW Kosovo KOS Milot Rashica
8 MF Turkey TUR Salih Uçan
9 FW Turkey TUR Semih Kılıçsoy
14 DF Germany GER Felix Uduokhai (on loan from Augsburg)
15 MF England ENG Alex Oxlade-Chamberlain
17 FW Italy ITA Ciro Immobile
18 MF Portugal POR João Mário (on loan from Benfica)
19 FW Turkey TUR Yakup Arda Kılıç
20 MF Turkey TUR Necip Uysal (captain)
22 MF Kazakhstan KAZ Bakhtiyar Zaynutdinov
23 MF Albania ALB Ernest Muçi
No. Pos. Nation Player
26 DF Democratic Republic of the Congo COD Arthur Masuaku
27 FW Portugal POR Rafa Silva
30 GK Turkey TUR Ersin Destanoğlu (3rd captain)
34 GK Turkey TUR Mert Günok (vice-captain)
44 DF Turkey TUR Fahri Ay
53 DF Turkey TUR Emirhan Topçu
71 MF Cameroon CMR Jean Onana
73 MF Italy ITA Cher Ndour (on loan from Paris Saint-Germain)
77 FW Austria AUT Can Keleş
79 DF Turkey TUR Emrecan Terzi
83 MF Portugal POR Gedson Fernandes
91 FW Turkey TUR Mustafa Erhan Hekimoğlu
93 DF Turkey TUR Arda Özüarap
94 GK Turkey TUR Göktuğ Baytekin
96 GK Turkey TUR Emir Yaşar

Out on loan

[edit]

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

No. Pos. Nation Player
— GK Turkey TUR Emre Bilgin (at Fatih Karagümrük until 30 June 2025)
— DF Turkey TUR Tayfur Bingöl (at Eyüpspor until 30 June 2025)
— DF Turkey TUR Emrecan Uzunhan (at Antalyaspor until 30 June 2025)
— MF Turkey TUR Abdullah Aydın (at Erbaaspor until 30 June 2025})
— MF Turkey TUR Cemal Demir (at Batman Petrolspor until 30 June 2025)
No. Pos. Nation Player
— MF Turkey TUR Abdülmecid Dönmez (at Arnavutköy Belediyespor until 30 June 2025)
— MF Bosnia and Herzegovina BIH Amir Hadžiahmetović (at Çaykur Rizespor until 30 June 2025)
— MF Turkey TUR Kerem Atakan Kesgin (at Bandırmaspor until 30 June 2025)
— MF Turkey TUR Demir Ege Tıknaz (at Portugal Rio Ave 30 June 2025)
— MF Turkey TUR Kartal Yılmaz (at Kayserispor until 30 June 2025)
— FW Democratic Republic of the Congo COD Jackson Muleka (at Saudi Arabia Al-Kholood until 30 June 2025)

Current coaching staff

[edit]
As of 13 July 2024[111]
Position Staff
Head coach Netherlands Giovanni van Bronckhorst
Assistant coaches Netherlands Jean-Paul van Gastel

Turkey Serdar Topraktepe

Goalkeeping coaches Netherlands Ruud Hesp

Turkey Hakan Çalışkan

Athletic performance coaches Scotland Anthony McElhone

Turkey Barış Gürol

Analysts Turkey Caner Batuhan Koç
United States John Michelis

Notable players

[edit]
Statue of Süleyman Seba, pictured in 2020, at Vişnezade Park, Beşiktaş

There are two players who served the club both as player and president, respectively Hakkı Yeten and Süleyman Seba, whom were also given title "Honorary President" by the club.[112][113] Out of the two, Yeten served the club as first team manager between 1949 and 1951, as well.[114] In cooperation with Beşiktaş Municipality, the club erected a statue of Süleyman Seba near their headquarters, in Akaretler neighbourhood of Beşiktaş, in October 2008.[115][116]

Ricardo Quaresma (154 Süper Lig appearances) was a part of Portugal squad, winning their first European Championship in 2016, while being a contracted player with Beşiktaş.

Along with Yeten and Seba, there are 11 players who spent their career entirely at Beşiktaş, including 9, whose spell lasted over 10 years with over 100 appearances for the club, except Süleyman Seba and Süleyman Oktay.[117] Hakkı Yeten, Rıza Çalımbay, Samet Aybaba, Rasim Kara and Sergen Yalçın served the club both as player and manager. Amongst these persons, Yalçın is the only one who won Süper Lig titles both as player and manager.[118] There are also 6 players who represented their nation with over 30 caps at senior level while playing at the club, those are Rıza Çalımbay (39 caps and 1 goal between 1981 and 1992), Recep Çetin (58 caps and 1 goal between 1988 and 1997), Mehmet Özdilek (31 caps between 1990 and 1997), Tayfur Havutçu (44 caps and 6 goals between 1994 and 2004), İbrahim Üzülmez (37 caps and 1 goal 2003 and 2009) and Oğuzhan Özyakup (43 caps and 1 goal since 2013). Five out of these six players possessed the team captaincy at least for two consecutive seasons, except Özyakup.

In 2003, centennial year its foundation, the club held a survey through the validated votes from its supporters, in order to determine the "squads of century".[119] Out or 110 players nominated, there were three eleven-man squads selected, respectively referred to as "golden", "silver" and "bronze" teams.[119][120] Results of the poll were announced in a prom, held to commemorate the 100th anniversary of the club, hosted by Beşiktaş fan celebrities Çağla Kubat and Yılmaz Erdoğan, on 21 June 2003.[120][121]

There are Beşiktaş players who represented their nations in top level international competitions governed by FIFA or UEFA. Former team captain Tayfur Havutçu and İlhan Mansız were part of Turkey's squad in 2002 FIFA World Cup, where they reached semi-finals.[122] Mansız scored a golden goal in the quarter-final encounter against Senegal,[123] advancing Turkey into semi-final against Brazil.[124] Mansız also scored twice in 3rd place game against the hosting side South Korea.[125] Ahmet Yıldırım and former club captain İbrahim Üzülmez competed at 2003 FIFA Confederations Cup in which Turkey finished in third place.[126] Ricardo Quaresma was a part of Portugal winning Euro 2016, which saw the country win its first ever international title, scoring once at Round of 16 against Croatia.[127] Domagoj Vida represented Croatia, his nation, in the final of 2018 FIFA World Cup up against France, which he lost eventually 4–2.[128] In the final encounter, he also provided an assist to his compatriot Ivan Perišić.[128][129]

Squads of century

[edit]

Sources:[119][121][130]

Joined in 1958, Necmi Mutlu is the longest-serving goalkeeper of club's history with 241 professional games in 13 seasons.[131]
Beşiktaş J.K. Squads of Century
Team #[119] Golden Team Silver Team Bronze Team
Goalkeeper 1 Turkey Sabri Dino Turkey Necmi Mutlu Turkey Rasim Kara
Right back 2 Turkey Rıza Çalımbay Turkey Recep Çetin Turkey Hristo Kostanda
Centre back 4 Turkey Gökhan Keskin Turkey Vedat Okyar Turkey Eşref Özmenç
Centre back 5 Turkey Ali İhsan Karayiğit Brazil Ronaldo Guiaro Turkey Ulvi Güveneroğlu
Left back 3 Turkey Zekeriya Alp Turkey Vedii Tosuncuk Turkey Ahmet Berman
Right Midfielder 7 Turkey Metin Tekin Turkey Nihat Kahveci Turkey Ahmet Özacar
Midfielder 8 Turkey Hakkı Yeten Turkey Recep Adanır Turkey Mehmet Özdilek
Midfielder 10 Turkey Yusuf Tunaoğlu Turkey Sergen Yalçın Turkey Şeref Görkey
Left Midfielder 6 Turkey Sanlı Sarıalioğlu Turkey Hüseyin Saygun Turkey İbrahim Üzülmez
Forward 9 Turkey Kemal Gülçelik Turkey Ali Gültiken Turkey Güven Önüt
Forward 11 Turkey Şükrü Gülesin Turkey Feyyaz Uçar Nigeria Daniel Amokachi

One-club men

[edit]
Former team captain Hüsnü Savman (left) alongside Fikret Arıcan, former player, coach and president of Fenerbahçe during Istanbul derby (1932). The duo also represented Turkey at 1936 Summer Olympics.
As of 28 October 2024[117]
Years Nat Name Apps Goals Ref
1927–1944 Turkey Hüsnü Savman 294 42 [132]
1930–1950 Turkey Şeref Görkey N/A 320 [133]
1931–1948 Turkey Hakkı Yeten 439 382 [134]
1932–1947 Turkey Mehmet Ali Tanman 354 0 [135]
1938-1948 Turkey Sabri Gençsoy 137 61
1943–1955 Turkey Faruk Sağnak 273 25 [136]
1946–1954 Turkey Süleyman Seba N/A 44 [137]
1955–1971 Turkey Ahmet Özacar 313 100 [138]
1962–1975 Turkey Sanlı Sarıalioğlu 314 65 [139]
1977–1984 Turkey Süleyman Oktay 117 5 [140]
1980–1996 Turkey Rıza Çalımbay 494 41 [141]
2009– Turkey Necip Uysal 461 6 [142]
2017– Turkey Ersin Destanoğlu 167 0 [143]

Coaching history

[edit]
As of 5 June 2024[114]

The football team was managed by Turkish and European coaches over 100 years of its existence. The first known coach of the team was Şeref Bey who managed team between 1911 and 1925.[144] He is also the longest serving coach of the team, coaching for 14 years. The most successful coach is Gordon Milne, winning the league three times in a row along with other trophies, as well.[56]

 
Name Nationality Tenure
Şeref Bey Ottoman EmpireTurkey 1911–1925
Imre Zinger Hungary 1925–1935
Refik Osman Top Turkey 1935–1944
Charles Howard England 1944–1946
Refik Osman Top Turkey 1946–1948
Giuseppe Meazza Italy 1948–1949
Hakkı Yeten Turkey 1949
Eric Keen England 1949–1950
Hakkı Yeten Turkey 1950–1951
Alfred Cable England 1951–1952
Sadri Usuoğlu Turkey 1952–1953
Sandro Puppo Italy 1 Jul 1953–30 Jun 1954
Cihat Arman Turkey 1955–1956
József Mészaros Hungary 1 Jul 1956–30 Jun 1957
Eşref Bilgiç Turkey 1957
Leandro Remondini Italy 1 Jul 1957–31 Dec 1958
Hüseyin Saygun Turkey 1959
András Kuttik Hungary 1 Jul 1959–30 Jun 1960
Sandro Puppo Italy 1 Jul 1960–30 Jun 1961
Şeref Görkey Turkey 1961
András Kuttik Hungary 1 Jul 1961–30 Jun 1962
Ljubiša Spajić Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia 1 Jul 1962–30 Jun 1963
Ernst Melchior Austria 1963–1964
Ljubiša Spajić Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia 1 Jul 1964–30 Jun 1967
Jane Janevski Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia 1967–1968
Krum Milev Bulgaria 1968–1969
Milovan Ćirić Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia 1969–1970
Dumitru Teodorescu Romania 1970–1971
Gündüz Kılıç Turkey 1971–1972
Abdulah Gegić Socialist Federal Republic of YugoslaviaTurkey 1 Jul 1972–1973
Metin Türel Turkey 1973–1974
Horst Buhtz Germany 1974–1975
Gündüz Tekin Onay Turkey 1975–1976
İsmet Arıkan Turkey 1977
Miloš Milutinović Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia 1 Jul 1977–30 Jun 1978
Doğan Andaç Turkey 1978–1979
Serpil Hamdi Tüzün Turkey 1979–1980
Metin Türel Turkey 1980
Đorđe Milić Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia 1 Jul 1980–30 Jun 1983
 
Name Nationality Tenure
Ziya Taner Turkey 1983–1984
Branko Stanković Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia 1 Jul 1984–30 Jun 1986
Miloš Milutinović Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia 1 Jul 1986–30 Jun 1987
Gordon Milne England 1 Jul 1987–31 Dec 1993
Christoph Daum Germany 6 Jan 1994–6 May 1996
Rasim Kara Turkey 2 Jul 1996–30 Jun 1997
John Toshack Wales 1 Jul 1997–23 Feb 1999
Karl-Heinz Feldkamp Germany 24 Feb 1999–15 Sep 1999
Hans-Peter Briegel Germany 16 Sep 1999–30 Jun 2000
Nevio Scala Italy 1 Jul 2000–6 Mar 2001
Christoph Daum Germany 7 Mar 2001–11 May 2002
Mircea Lucescu Romania 1 Jul 2002–1 May 2004
Vicente Del Bosque Spain 8 Jun 2004–27 Jan 2005
Rıza Çalımbay Turkey 1 Feb 2005–17 Oct 2005
Jean Tigana France 31 Oct 2005–21 May 2007
Ertuğrul Sağlam Turkey 6 Jul 2007–7 Oct 2008
Mustafa Denizli Turkey 9 Oct 2008–4 Jun 2010
Bernd Schuster Germany 1 Jul 2010–15 Mar 2011
Tayfur Havutçu Turkey 17 Mar 2011–13 Jul 2011
Roland Koch Germany 14 Jul 2011–1 Aug 2011
Carlos Carvalhal Portugal 2 Aug 2011–2 Apr 2012
Tayfur Havutçu Turkey 2012
Samet Aybaba Turkey 16 Jun 2012–27 May 2013
Slaven Bilić Croatia 26 Jun 2013–31 May 2015
Şenol Güneş Turkey 1 Jun 2015–31 May 2019
Abdullah Avcı Turkey 1 Jun 2019–24 Jan 2020
Sergen Yalçın Turkey 29 Jan 2020–9 Dec 2021
Önder Karaveli (caretaker)[145] Turkey 9 Dec 2021–12 Jan 2022
Önder Karaveli Turkey 13 Jan 2022–25 March 2022
Valérien Ismaël France 25 Mar 2022–26 October 2022
Şenol Güneş Turkey 28 Oct 2022–6 October 2023
Burak Yılmaz (caretaker) Turkey 10 Oct 2023–10 Nov 2023
Rıza Çalımbay Turkey 10 Nov 2023–22 Dec 2023
Serdar Topraktepe (caretaker) Turkey 22 Dec 2023–7 Jan 2024
Fernando Santos Portugal 7 Jan 2024–13 Apr 2024
Serdar Topraktepe (caretaker) Turkey 13 Apr 2024–5 Jun 2024
Giovanni van Bronckhorst Netherlands 5 Jun 2024–

Presidential history

[edit]
Mehmet Şamil Şhaplı, one of the founding members and first president of Beşiktaş JK[146][147]
Former Turkish international frontman Hakkı Yeten (shooting player in picture), who served the club as athlete and football manager, is also the first honorary president of the club, elected for 3 different tenures.[148][149]
Main article: List of Beşiktaş J.K. presidents
As of 25 June 2021[150][151]
 
Years Nationality Name
1903–08 Ottoman Empire (1) Mehmet Şamil Şhaplı
1908–11 Ottoman Empire (2) Şükrü Paşa
1911–18 Ottoman Empire (3) Fuat Paşa
1918–23 Ottoman Empire (4) Fuat Balkan
1923–24 Turkey (5) Salih Bey
1924–26 Turkey (6) Ahmet Fetgeri Aşeni
1926–28 Turkey Fuat Balkan
1928–30 Turkey Ahmet Fetgeri Aşeni
1930–32 Turkey (7) Emin Şükrü Kunt
1932–35 Turkey (8) A. Ziya Karamürsel
1935–38 Turkey Fuat Balkan
1938–39 Turkey A. Ziya Karamürsel
1939–41 Turkey (9) Yusuf Ziya Erdem
1941–42 Turkey A. Ziya Karamürsel
1942–50 Turkey (10) A. Ziya Kozanoğlu
1950 Turkey (11) Ekrem Amaç
 
Years Nationality Name
1950–52 Turkey (12) Salih Keçeci
1952–55 Turkey A. Ziya Kozanoğlu
1955–56 Turkey (13) Tahir Söğütlü
1956–57 Turkey (14) Danyal Akbel
1957 Turkey (15) Ferhat Nasır
1957–58 Turkey (16) Nuri Togay
1958 Turkey (17) Enver Kaya
1958–60 Turkey Nuri Togay
1960–63 Turkey (18) Hakkı Yeten
1963–64 Turkey (19) Selahattin Akel
1964–66 Turkey Hakkı Yeten
1966–67 Turkey (20) Hasan Salman
1967–68 Turkey Hakkı Yeten
1968–69 Turkey (21) Talat Asal
1969–70 Turkey (22) Rüştü Erkuş
1970 Turkey Nuri Togay
 
Years Nationality Name
1970–71 Turkey (23) Agasi Şen
1971–72 Turkey (24) Himmet Ünlü
1972–73 Turkey (25) Şekip Okçuoğlu
1973–77 Turkey (26) Mehmet Üstünkaya
1977–79 Turkey (27) Gazi Akınal
1979 Turkey (28) Hüseyin Cevahir
1979–80 Turkey Gazi Akınal
1980–81 Turkey (29) Rıza Kumruoğlu
1981–84 Turkey Mehmet Üstünkaya
1984–00 Turkey (30) Süleyman Seba
2000–04 Turkey (31) Serdar Bilgili
2004–12 Turkey (32) Yıldırım Demirören
2012–19 Turkey (33) Fikret Orman
2019–23 Turkey (34) Ahmet Nur Çebi
2023– Turkey (35) Hasan Arat

Sponsorships

[edit]
2020–21 season team kits with main sponsporship of Beko, exhibited in front of Beşiktaş Stadium
As of 20 June 2023[152]
List of kit suppliers and sponsorships of Beşiktaş J.K. men's football department
Season Kit Supplier Shirt Sleeve Backside Shorts
1977–78 — Pereja — —
1980–81 KİP
1981–82 Shirt: Umbro, Shorts: Adidas Bako
1982–83 Umbro Anka
1983–84 Doysan, Bağbank
1984–85 Sony
1985–86 Sport
1986–87 Adidas Beslen Makarna
1987–88 Toshiba, Titibank
1988–89 Titibank, Bozkurt Mensucat
1989–90 Demirdöküm, Aygaz Fırın
1990–91 Beko
1991–92
1992–93
1993–94
1994–95
1995–96
1996–97
1997–98
1998–99 Reebok
1999–00
2000–01
2001–02 Puma Avea
2002–03
2003–04 Turkcell
2004–05 Turkcell
2005–06 Umbro Cola Turka Avea
2006–07
2007–08
2008–09
2009–10 Adidas
2010–11
2011–12 Toyota Ülker
2012–13
2013–14 — Kalde Bahçeşehir Koleji
2014–15 Vodafone Kalde Beko —
2015–16 Coca-Cola
2016–17
2017–18
2018–19 Bahçeşehir Koleji
2019–20
2019–20 Aksa
2020–21 Beko Güriş Aksa
2021–22 Sompo Japan
2022–23 Rain Aksa Beko Nesine.com
2023–24 Nesine.com, Papara Pasha Group
2024–25 Beko Nesine, Papara Safi Çimento Bahçeşehir University, Pasha Group

Affiliated clubs

[edit]

The following clubs are currently affiliated with Beşiktaş J.K.:

References

[edit]
Notes
  1. ^ Known as UEFA Cup until 2008–09 season.
  2. ^ 1923–24 Istanbul Football League champion squad (2–3–5 formation): Goalkeeper: Sadri Usuoğlu, Defenders: Tevfik Martı, Refik Osman Top, Midfielders: Bahattin, Cavit Altındal, Şahap, Forwards: Nafi, Abdi Aksoyman, Edip, Hasan, Saadet.[24]
  3. ^ According to club's official website, football was started to be practiced throughout 1910s, and particularly from 1911, following the merger of Ahmed Şerafettin's previous club "Valideçeşme" and Beşiktaş.[21] According to Mehmet Yüce's "Osmanlı Melekleri: Futbol Tarihimizin Kadim Devreleri Türkiye Futbol Tarihi – Birinci Cilt", football had been begun to be practiced in August 1910.[25] As cited in Mehmet Dumlupunar's "Beşiktaş Tarihi İlkleriyle Unutulmayanlarıyla Yüzüncü Yılında", football activities had been started in August 1911.[26]
  4. ^ Goals across all competitions.
  5. ^ In accordance with the decision of Turkish Football Federation in regards with then-burgeoning 2011 Turkish football match-fixing probe,[92] 2011–12 Süper Lig was played on 6-week-long play-off stage named "Süper Final", after the 34-week-long regular season, in total of 40 games.[93]
  6. ^ Finishing 2011–12 Süper Lig in the fourth-place, Beşiktaş have been disqualified by UEFA from competing in the 2012–13 UEFA Europa League, due to incompliance with UEFA Financial Fair Play Regulations.[95]
Citations
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  2. ^ "Kara Kartallar Efsanesi" [Legend of Black Eagles] (in Turkish). Beşiktaş J.K. 22 October 2004. Archived from the original on 27 July 2021. Retrieved 28 July 2021.
  3. ^ Yelkenci, Şener (10 July 2005). "Turkey – Club Nicknames". Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation. Archived from the original on 8 January 2014. Retrieved 28 July 2021.
  4. ^ "Beşiktaş son 23 yılın en iyisi!" [Beşiktaş [are] the best of [the last] 23 years!] (in Turkish). Milliyet. 24 December 2014. Archived from the original on 2 September 2021. Retrieved 2 September 2021.
  5. ^ "Kuruluş" [Foundation] (in Turkish). Beşiktaş J.K. Archived from the original on 26 March 2021. Retrieved 28 July 2021. 1903 Mart'ında ise özel bir izinle Bereket Jimnastik Kulübü kuruldu.
  6. ^ "Tebrik" [Congratulatory] (in Turkish). Turkish Football Federation. 3 December 2023. Archived from the original on 5 December 2023. Retrieved 25 June 2021. Beşiktaş Jimnastik Kulübü'nün bugün yapılan Olağanüstü Genel Kurul Toplantısının ardından başkanlığa seçilen Sayın Hasan Arat ve Yönetim Kurulunu tebrik eder, yönetim dönemlerinde başarılar dileriz.
  7. ^ "Stadium of the Year 2016 – StadiumDB.com". stadiumdb.com. Retrieved 12 December 2021.
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  18. ^ a b c d "Founding Years". Beşiktaş J.K. Archived from the original on 28 July 2021. Retrieved 28 July 2021.
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  25. ^ Yüce 2014, p. 136.
  26. ^ Durupınar 2002, p. 17.
  27. ^ "War Years". Beşiktaş J.K. Archived from the original on 28 July 2021. Retrieved 28 July 2021.
  28. ^ Yüce 2015, p. 83.
  29. ^ Yüce 2015, p. 293.
  30. ^ Yüce 2015, p. 304.
  31. ^ Yüce 2015, p. 337.
  32. ^ Yüce 2015, p. 346.
  33. ^ Yüce 2015, p. 349.
  34. ^ Yüce 2015, p. 355.
  35. ^ Yüce 2015, p. 381.
  36. ^ Yüce 2015, p. 373.
  37. ^ Yüce 2015, p. 385.
  38. ^ Yüce 2015, p. 427.
  39. ^ Yüce 2015, p. 439.
  40. ^ Yüce 2015, p. 418.
  41. ^ Yüce 2015, p. 449.
  42. ^ "Süper Lig Tarihçesi" [History of Süper Lig] (in Turkish). Turkish Football Federation. Archived from the original on 3 February 2021. Retrieved 3 February 2021.
  43. ^ "Merhaba Dünya Kupası" [Hello World Cup] (in Turkish). Istanbul: Turkish Football Federation. Archived from the original on 17 August 2020. Retrieved 13 January 2022. Bir sonraki dönem, Türk futbolunun gelişmesinin devamı diye özetlenebilir. 1952'de profesyonelliğin kabulü, 1954'te Milli Takım'ın İsviçre'de düzenlenen Dünya Kupası'na ilk kez katılması, yine bu dönemde bazı Türk oyuncuların yurtdışında top koşturması önemli gelişmelerdir.
  44. ^ "Futbolda Yeni Bir Heyecan Fırtınası" [A New Action Pack in Football]. Milliyet (in Turkish). 25 August 1959. p. 6. 1959–60 Türkiye Millî Ligi yarın Galatasaray Beykos maçı ile başlıyor.Bütün takımlar müsabakalara hasır durumda.
  45. ^ Yurttaş 1995, p. 50.
  46. ^ Yurttaş 1995, p. 53.
  47. ^ Yurttaş 1995, p. 55.
  48. ^ Yurttaş 1995, p. 56.
  49. ^ a b Yurttaş 1995, p. 61.
  50. ^ Yurttaş 1995, p. 63.
  51. ^ Yurttaş 1995, p. 64.
  52. ^ Yurttaş 1995, p. 66.
  53. ^ a b Yurttaş 1995, p. 79.
  54. ^ Yurttaş 1995, p. 86.
  55. ^ Yurttaş 1995, p. 98.
  56. ^ a b Yurttaş 1995, p. 92.
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  61. ^ Yurttaş 1995, p. 104.
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  115. ^ "Süleyman Seba heykeli" [Süleyman Seba statue] (in Turkish). Cumhuriyet. 18 October 2008. Archived from the original on 20 September 2021. Retrieved 22 September 2021.
  116. ^ "'Adam'lık heykeli" [Statue of Manhood] (in Turkish). Hürriyet. 19 October 2008. Archived from the original on 21 September 2021. Retrieved 22 September 2021.
  117. ^ a b "Kariyerinde sadece Beşiktaş forması giyen futbolcular!" [The footballers who wore Beşiktaş shirt in their career] (in Turkish). ajansbesiktas.com. Archived from the original on 2 August 2021. Retrieved 30 September 2021.
  118. ^ "Sergen Yalçın Beşiktaş'ta hem oyuncu hem teknik adam olarak şampiyon oldu" [Sergen Yalçın has become the Süper Lig title holder both as player and manager of Beşiktaş] (in Turkish). Fanatik. Anadolu News Agency. 15 May 2021. Archived from the original on 22 September 2021. Retrieved 22 September 2021.
  119. ^ a b c d "Beşiktaş'tan "100 yılın 11'i" anketi" ["The eleven of Century" by Beşiktaş] (in Turkish). Ntvmsnbc. 21 May 2003. Archived from the original on 12 August 2021. Retrieved 22 September 2021.
  120. ^ a b "Kulübümüzün 100. Yıl Balosu binlerce davetlinin katılımı ile 21 Haziran akşamı gerçekleşti" [The Centennial Prom of Our Club took place through the attendance of thousands of invitees in the night of 21 June] (in Turkish). Beşiktaş J.K. 23 June 2003. Archived from the original on 22 September 2021. Retrieved 22 September 2021. Sunuculuğunu Yılmaz Erdoğan ve Çağla Kubat'ın yaptığı gecede ayrıca 100. Yılın Bronz, Gümüş ve Altın 11i'de açıklanırken, Altın 11'e ödülleri Başkanımız Serdar Bilgili tarafından takdim edildi
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  123. ^ "Allah'ım, Bu Ne Mutluluk" [God, What a Jubilee That Is]. Milliyet (in Turkish). 23 June 2002. p. 36.
  124. ^ "Yarı Finaldeyiz" [We are in Semi-finals]. Milliyet (in Turkish). 23 June 2002. p. 20.
  125. ^ "Helal Olsun" [Well Done]. Milliyet (in Turkish). 1 July 2002. p. 27.
  126. ^ "Konfederasyon Kupası Aday Kadrosu Açıklandı" [Candidate Squad For Confederations Cup Is Announced] (in Turkish). Milliyet. 12 June 2003. Archived from the original on 22 September 2021. Retrieved 22 September 2021.
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  129. ^ "France lift second World Cup after winning classic final 4–2". Reuters. 15 July 2018. Retrieved 22 September 2021.
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  131. ^ "Necmi Mutlu" (in Turkish). Beşiktaş J.K. Archived from the original on 3 February 2019. Retrieved 22 September 2021. 11 sezonda 241 maçla Türkiye 1. Ligi'nde Beşiktaş'ın kalesini en çok koruyan kaleci olan Necmi Mutlu, 3 Lig, 1 Cumhurbaşkanlığı, 2 TSYD Kupası Şampiyonluğu yaşadı.
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  133. ^ "Şeref Görkey – Biyografi" [Şeref Görkey – Biography] (in Turkish). Beşiktaş J.K. Archived from the original on 8 December 2020. Retrieved 22 September 2021.
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  136. ^ "Faruk Sağnak'ı Kaybettik" [We lost Faruk Sağnak] (in Turkish). 24 February 2012. Archived from the original on 26 September 2019. Retrieved 26 September 2019.
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  145. ^ "Beşiktaş-Kayserispor maçında kulübede Önder Karaveli olacak" [Karaveli will [lead the team] from the bench in Beşiktaş Kayserispor encounter] (in Turkish). Fanatik (Turkey). 9 December 2021. Archived from the original on 12 December 2021. Retrieved 12 December 2021.
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  152. ^ "Beşiktaş'ın 30 senelik yol arkadaşları" [Fellow travellers of Beşiktaş in 30 years] (in Turkish). ajansbesiktas.com. Archived from the original on 1 August 2021. Retrieved 1 August 2021.
  153. ^ "Beşiktaş, Adanaspor ile iş birliği yapıyor" [Beşiktaş are to cooperate with Adanaspor] (in Turkish). NTV Spor. 15 January 2015. Archived from the original on 9 June 2021. Retrieved 9 June 2021.
  154. ^ "Beşiktaş-Adanaspor işbirliği anlaşması" [Cooperation Agreement [between] Beşiktaş-Adanaspor] (in Turkish). NTV Spor. 17 January 2015. Archived from the original on 9 June 2021. Retrieved 9 June 2021.
  155. ^ "Beşiktaş, Kosova'nın 2 Korriku kulübü ile iş birliği anlaşması yaptı" [Beşiktaş agreed with Kosovar club 2 Korriku for a partnership contract] (in Turkish). Hürriyet. Anadolu News Agency. 31 May 2021. Archived from the original on 9 June 2021. Retrieved 9 June 2021. Beşiktaş Kulübü, Kosova'nın 2 Korriku Futbol Kulübü ile futbol altyapı ve spor okulu alanlarında iş birliği anlaşması yapıldığını açıkladı.
  156. ^ "Beşiktaş Kulübü, Kosova'nın 2 Korriku Futbol Kulübü ile iş birliği anlaşması yaptı" [Beşiktaş Club signed a cooperation agreement with 2 Korriku Football Clubs of Kosovo] (in Turkish). Milliyet. 31 May 2021. Archived from the original on 9 June 2021. Retrieved 9 June 2021. Siyah-beyazlı kulüpten yapılan açıklamada, "Yapılan iş birliği anlaşmasıyla futbol akademi antrenörlerimiz ve spor okulu yetkililerimiz, 2 Korriku Futbol Kulübünün futbol okullarında incelemelerde bulunacak, Priştine'de yeni spor okulları açılması için gereken desteği verecek ve aynı zamanda yetenekli Türk ve Kosovalı futbolcular keşfedilerek kulübümüze kazandırılacak." denildi.
  157. ^ "Kulübümüz, Kartal Bulvarspor ile İş Birliği Görüşmesi Yaptı" [Our Club held a Meeting with Kartal Bulvarspor for Cooperation] (in Turkish). Beşiktaş J.K. 4 August 2022. Archived from the original on 4 August 2022. Retrieved 4 August 2022.
Books
  • Durupınar, Mehmet (2002). Beşiktaş Tarihi İlkleriyle Unutulmayanlarıyla Yüzüncü Yılında (in Turkish). Istanbul: Yapı Kredi Yayınları. ISBN 975-080-456-2.
  • Yurttaş, Gürel (1995). Kartal'ın Pençesi (in Turkish). Istanbul: AD Yayıncılık. ISBN 975-325-017-7.
  • Yüce, Mehmet (2014). Osmanlı Melekleri: Futbol Tarihimizin Kadim Devreleri Türkiye Futbol Tarihi – Birinci Cilt (in Turkish). Istanbul: İletişim Yayınları. ISBN 9789750515804.
  • Yüce, Mehmet (2015). İdmancı Ruhlar: Futbol Tarihimizin Klasik Devreleri: 1923–1952 Türkiye Futbol Tarihi – 2. Cilt (in Turkish). Istanbul: İletişim Yayınları. ISBN 9789750516955.
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