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Antonov An-28

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An-28
Antonov An-28 in 2008
General information
TypeShort-range airliner, utility aircraft
DesignerAntonov
Built byWSK PZL Mielec
StatusIn service
Primary userAeroflot (former)
Number built191
History
Manufactured1975–1993
Introduction date1986
First flightSeptember 1969
Developed fromAntonov An-14
VariantsPZL M28
Developed intoAntonov An-38

The Antonov An-28 (NATO reporting name Cash) is a twin-engined light turboprop transport aircraft, developed from the Antonov An-14M. It was the winner of a competition against the Beriev Be-30, for use by Aeroflot as a short-range airliner.[1] It first flew in 1969. A total of 191 were built and 16 remain in airline service as at August 2015.[2] After a short pre-production series built by Antonov, it was licence-built in Poland by PZL-Mielec. In 1993, PZL-Mielec developed its own improved variant, the PZL M28 Skytruck.

Development

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The An-28 is similar to the An-14 in many aspects, including its wing structure and twin rudders, but features an expanded fuselage and turboprop engines, in place of the An-14's piston engines. The An-28 first flew as a modified An-14 in 1969. The next preproduction model did not fly until 1975. In passenger carrying configuration, accommodation was provided for up to 15 people, in addition to the two-man crew.[3] Production was transferred to PZL-Mielec in 1978. The first Polish-built aircraft did not fly until 1984. The An-28 finally received its Soviet type certificate in 1986.

Variants

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An-14A
The original Antonov designation for an enlarged, twin-turboprop version of the An-14.
An-14M
Prototype.
An-28
Twin-engined short-range utility transport aircraft, three built.
An-28RM Bryza 1RM
Search and rescue, air ambulance aircraft.
An-28TD Bryza 1TD
Transport version.
An-28PT
Variant made in Poland with Pratt & Whitney PT6 engines first flown 22 July 1993.

Operators

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Civil operators

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An-28 on USSR postal stamp

Major operators of the 16 Antonov An-28 aircraft remaining in airline service include:

 Armenia
  • Skiva Air (2)
 Russia
 Tajikistan

Former civilian operators

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 Estonia
 Kazakhstan
  • Avluga-Trans (11)
 Kyrgyzstan
 Moldova
 Suriname
  • Blue Wing Airlines (formerly operated five with three lost in crashes on 3 April 2008, 15 October 2009, and 15 May 2010)

Military operators

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 Georgia
 Tanzania

Former military operators

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 Djibouti
 Peru

Former operators

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 Soviet Union

Notable accidents and incidents

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19 October 1992
Aeroflot Flight 302 stalled and crashed shortly after takeoff from Ust-Nem, Russia following a loss of control due to engine failure, killing 15 of 16 on board.[6]
29 December 1999
Ecuato Guineana (3C-JJI) An-28 crashed into the Black Sea off İnebolu, killing all six people on board.[7]
23 November 2001
ELK Airways Flight 1007, an An-28 ES-NOV operated by Enimex, struck trees and crashed about 1.5 km from the airport while attempting to land in bad weather at Kärdla Airport, Estonia. Of the 14 passengers and 3 crew on board, 2 passengers were killed.[8]
29 August 2002
Vostok Aviation Company Flight 359 struck a mountain slope near Ayan, Russia after the pilot descended too soon during the approach to Ayan, killing all 16 on board.[9]
25 May 2005
A chartered Maniema Union An-28, owned by Victoria Air, crashed into a mountain near Walungu in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, about 30 minutes after takeoff. All of the 22 passengers and five crew members were killed.
3 August 2006
A TRACEP-Congo Aviation An-28 (9Q-COM) struck a mountainside in low cloud while descending for Bukavu, Democratic Republic of the Congo, killing all 17 on board.[10]
3 April 2008
A Blue Wing Airlines An-28 crashed upon landing near Benzdorp in Suriname. All 19 on board were killed.[11]
15 October 2009
A Blue Wing Airlines An-28 overran the runway on landing at Kwamelasemoetoe Airstrip, Suriname and hit an obstacle. The aircraft was substantially damaged and four people were injured, one seriously.[12]
15 May 2010
A Blue Wing Airlines An-28 crashed over the upper Marowijne district approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) north-east of Poketi, Suriname. The two pilots and six passengers died.[13]
30 January 2012
A TRACEP-Congo Aviation An-28 crashed while on a domestic cargo flight from Bukavu-Kamenbe Airport to Namoya Airstrip, Democratic Republic of the Congo, killing three of the five crew.[14]
12 September 2012
Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky Air Flight 251 crashed while on a domestic flight from Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky to Palana Airport, killing ten of 14 people.[15]
16 July 2021
SiLA Airlines Flight 42 force-landed and crashed upside-down in the Bakcharsky District, Tomsk Oblast, Russia after both engines failed due to icing; all 18 on board survived.[16]
27 February 2022

An An-28 was damaged by Russian artillery during the attack on Hostomel.[17][18]

Specifications (An-28)

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Comparison of the An-14 and the An-28

Data from Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1993–94[19]

General characteristics

  • Crew: 2
  • Capacity:
    • 17 passengers or
    • 1,750 kg (3,860 lb)
  • Length: 13.10 m (43 ft 0 in)
  • Wingspan: 22.06 m (72 ft 5 in)
  • Height: 4.90 m (16 ft 1 in)
  • Wing area: 39.72 m2 (427.5 sq ft)
  • Aspect ratio: 12.3
  • Airfoil: TsAGI R-II-14 (14% thickness)
  • Empty weight: 3,900 kg (8,598 lb)
  • Max takeoff weight: 6,500 kg (14,330 lb)
  • Fuel capacity: 1,960 L (430 imp gal; 520 US gal)
  • Powerplant: 2 × Glushenkov TVD-10B turboprop engines, 720 kW (960 shp) each
  • Propellers: 3-bladed AW-24AN, 2.80 m (9 ft 2 in) diameter

Performance

  • Maximum speed: 350 km/h (220 mph, 190 kn) at 3,000 m (9,800 ft)
  • Cruise speed: 335 km/h (208 mph, 181 kn) at 3,000 m (9,800 ft)
  • Never exceed speed: 390 km/h (240 mph, 210 kn)
  • Range: 1,365 km (848 mi, 737 nmi) (max fuel, 1,000 kg (2,200 lb) payload)
  • Service ceiling: 6,000 m (20,000 ft)
  • g limits: 3
  • Rate of climb: 8.3 m/s (1,640 ft/min)
  • Take-off run to 10.7 m (35 ft): 410 m (1,350 ft)
  • Landing run from 15 m (50 ft): 315 m (1,033 ft)

See also

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Related development

Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era

Related lists

References

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  1. ^ Lundgren, Johan (1996–2006). "The Antonov/PZL Mielec An-28". Airliners.net. AirNav Systems LLC. Archived from the original on 18 June 2006. Retrieved 1 July 2006.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  2. ^ Morrison, Murdo; Fafard, Antoine (31 July 2015). "World Airliner Census 2015". Flightglobal Insight. Flight International (Flightglobal, published 11 August 2015)
  3. ^ Green, W. 1976. The Observer's Book of Aircraft. (25th ed.) Frederick Warne & Co. pp. 254. ISBN 0-7232-1553-7
  4. ^ Hoyle 2016, p. 35
  5. ^ Hoyle 2016, p. 48
  6. ^ Ranter, Harro. "ASN Aircraft accident Antonov An-28 CCCP-28785 Ust-Nem". aviation-safety.net. Retrieved 4 June 2022.
  7. ^ Ranter, Harro. "ASN Aircraft accident Antonov An-28 3C-JJI Inebolu". www.aviation-safety.net. Retrieved 4 June 2022.
  8. ^ Ranter, Harro. "ASN Aircraft accident Antonov 28 ES-NOV Kärdla". aviation-safety.net.
  9. ^ Accident description for RA-28932 at the Aviation Safety Network
  10. ^ Ranter, Harro. "ASN Aircraft accident Antonov An-28 9Q-COM Bukavu". www.aviation-safety.net. Retrieved 4 June 2022.
  11. ^ Ranter, Harro. "ASN Aircraft accident Antonov An-28 PZ-TSO Lawa-Antino Airport". aviation-safety.net. Retrieved 4 June 2022.
  12. ^ "Accident description". Aviation safety network. Archived from the original on 30 October 2009. Retrieved 18 October 2009.
  13. ^ Ranter, Harro. "ASN Aircraft accident Antonov An-28 PZ-TSV Poeketi". aviation-safety.net. Retrieved 4 June 2022.
  14. ^ "9Q-CUN? Accident description". Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved 5 February 2012.
  15. ^ Ranter, Harro. "ASN Aircraft accident Antonov An-28 RA-28715 Palana Airport". aviation-safety.net. Retrieved 4 June 2022.
  16. ^ Ranter, Harro. "ASN Aircraft accident Antonov An-28 RA-28728 Kedrovo". www.aviation-safety.net. Retrieved 4 June 2022.
  17. ^ "В ДП «Антонов» розповіли про знищені літаки в Гостомелі". Mil.in.ua (in Ukrainian). 4 April 2022.
  18. ^ "Утилізовувати Ан-225 "Мрія" не будуть, тривають слідчі дії – Дмитро Антонов". Mil.in.ua (in Ukrainian). 5 June 2022. As for other planes that remained in Gostomel, the pilot said that the An-74 and An-26 were destroyed. But An-22 and An-124 "Ruslan" are damaged. Regarding their recovery, the pilot said:"I believe that Ruslan will be restored, An-28 will be restored. The An-22 may also be restored, but it has been severely damaged."
  19. ^ Lambert 1993, pp. 231–233
  • Hoyle, Craig (6–12 December 2016). "World Air Forces Directory". Flight International. Vol. 190, no. 5566. pp. 22–53. ISSN 0015-3710.
  • Lambert, Mark, ed. (1993). Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1993–94. Coulsdon, UK: Jane's Data Division. ISBN 0-7106-1066-1.
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