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5-HT2B receptor

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HTR2B
Available structures
PDBOrtholog search: PDBe RCSB
Identifiers
AliasesHTR2B, 5-HT(2B), 5-HT2B, 5-HT-2B, 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B
External IDsOMIM: 601122; MGI: 109323; HomoloGene: 55492; GeneCards: HTR2B; OMA:HTR2B - orthologs
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez

3357

15559

Ensembl

ENSG00000135914

ENSMUSG00000026228

UniProt

P41595

Q02152

RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_000867
NM_001320758

NM_008311

RefSeq (protein)

NP_000858
NP_001307687

NP_032337

Location (UCSC)Chr 2: 231.11 – 231.13 MbChr 1: 86.03 – 86.04 Mb
PubMed search[3][4]
Wikidata
View/Edit HumanView/Edit Mouse

5-Hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B (5-HT2B) also known as serotonin receptor 2B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HTR2B gene.[5][6] 5-HT2B is a member of the 5-HT2 receptor family that binds the neurotransmitter serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT). Like all 5-HT2 receptors, the 5-HT2B receptor is Gq/G11-protein coupled, leading to downstream activation of phospholipase C.

Tissue distribution and function

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First discovered in the stomach of rats, 5-HT2B was challenging to characterize initially because of its structural similarity to the other 5-HT2 receptors, particularly 5-HT2C.[7] The 5-HT2 receptors (of which the 5-HT2B receptor is a subtype) mediate many of the central and peripheral physiologic functions of serotonin. Cardiovascular effects include contraction of blood vessels and shape changes in platelets; central nervous system (CNS) effects include neuronal sensitization to tactile stimuli and mediation of some of the effects of hallucinogenic substituted amphetamines. The 5-HT2B receptor is expressed in several areas of the CNS, including the dorsal hypothalamus, frontal cortex, medial amygdala, and meninges.[8] However, its most important role is in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) where it maintains the viability and efficiency of the cardiac valve leaflets.[9]

The 5-HT2B receptor subtype is involved in:

  • CNS: inhibition of serotonin and dopamine uptake, behavioral effects[10]
  • Vascular: pulmonary vasoconstriction[11]
  • Cardiac: The 5-HT2B receptor regulates cardiac structure and functions, as demonstrated by the abnormal cardiac development observed in 5-HT2B receptor null mice.[12] Excessive stimulation of this receptor causes pathological proliferation of cardiac valve fibroblasts,[13] with chronic overstimulation leading to valvulopathy.[14][15] These receptors are also overexpressed in human failing heart and antagonists of 5-HT2B receptors were discovered to prevent both angiotensin II or beta-adrenergic agonist-induced pathological cardiac hypertrophy in mouse.[16][17][18]
  • Serotonin transporter: 5-HT2B receptors regulate serotonin release via the serotonin transporter, and are important both to normal physiological regulation of serotonin levels in blood plasma,[19] and with the abnormal acute serotonin release produced by drugs such as MDMA.[10] Surprisingly, however, 5-HT2B receptor activation appears to be protective against the development of serotonin syndrome following elevated extracellular serotonin levels,[20] despite its role in modulating serotonin release.

Clinical significance

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5-HT2B receptors have been strongly implicated in causing drug-induced valvular heart disease.[21][22][23] The Fen-Phen scandal in the 80s and 90s revealed the cardiotoxic effects of 5-HT2B stimulation.[24] Today, 5-HT2B agonism is considered a toxicity signal precluding further clinical development of a compound.[25]

Ligands

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The structure of the 5-HT2B receptor was resolved in a complex with the valvulopathogenic drug ergotamine.[26] As of 2009, few highly selective 5-HT2B receptor ligands have been discovered, although numerous potent non-selective compounds are known, particularly agents with concomitant 5-HT2C binding. Research in this area has been limited due to the cardiotoxicity of 5-HT2B agonists, and the lack of clear therapeutic application for 5-HT2B antagonists, but there is still a need for selective ligands for scientific research.[27]

Agonists

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Selective
Non-selective

Antagonists

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Possible applications

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5-HT2B antagonists have previously been proposed as treatment for migraine headaches, and RS-127,445 was trialled in humans up to Phase I for this indication, but development was not continued.[47] More recent research has focused on possible application of 5-HT2B antagonists as treatments for chronic heart disease.[48][49] Research claims serotonin 5-HT2B receptors have effect on liver regeneration.[50] Antagonism of 5-HT2B may attenuate fibrogenesis and improve liver function in disease models in which fibrosis is pre-established and progressive.

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000135914 – Ensembl, May 2017
  2. ^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000026228 – Ensembl, May 2017
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  4. ^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
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  6. ^ Schmuck K, Ullmer C, Engels P, Lübbert H (Mar 1994). "Cloning and functional characterization of the human 5-HT2B serotonin receptor". FEBS Letters. 342 (1): 85–90. doi:10.1016/0014-5793(94)80590-3. PMID 8143856. S2CID 11232259.
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Further reading

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[edit]
  • "5-HT2B". IUPHAR Database of Receptors and Ion Channels. International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. Archived from the original on 2017-02-02. Retrieved 2008-11-25.
  • Human HTR2B genome location and HTR2B gene details page in the UCSC Genome Browser.
  • Overview of all the structural information available in the PDB for UniProt: P41595 (5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B) at the PDBe-KB.

This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.

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