1941 Philippine Senate election

1941 Philippine Senate election
All 24 seats in the Philippine Senate; 13 seats needed for a majority
	Representation of results
	Elected Senate President ; Manuel Roxas; Nacionalista

Election to the Senate were held on November 11, 1941 in the Philippines. The Senate was re-instituted after amendments to the constitution restored the bicameral legislature last used in 1935.

The elected senators would start to serve only in 1945 as they were not able to take office on December 30, 1941 as Imperial Japan invaded the country on December 8, 1941 at the onset of World War II.

Electoral system

The electorate voted with plurality block voting for the first time for the Senate; the voters have the option of writing the party name on the ballot and all 24 candidates from the party receive votes; another option is by voting individually for each candidate. Also, the former senatorial districts were not used; instead voting was done nationwide as one at-large district. The succeeding Senate elections would be held every two years, with eight seats to be disputed in every election.^[1]^[2]

The next election was to be on 1943, but due to the intervention of World War II, no elections were until 1946, where the seats supposedly up in 1943 and 1945 were disputed. The winners of the 1941 election were not seated until 1945. In the intervening years, the Second Philippine Republic, a Japanese puppet state, put up a unicameral National Assembly.

Candidates

These were the following tickets:

Total seats up: 24
Party		Total
	Nacionalista	24
	Popular Front (Sumulong wing)	24
	Popular Front (Abad Santos wing)	23
	Ganap	22
	Modernist Party (Philippines)	11
	Independent	1
Total		105

Nacionalista Party (NP)	Popular Front (Sumulong Wing) (PF-Sumulong)	Popular Front (Abad Santos Wing) (PF-Abad Santos)	Ganap Party (GP)	Modernist Party (MP)
Alauya Alonto	Jose Alejandrino Sr	Jose Alejandrino Sr	Wenceslao Asistido	Pedro Arteche
Nicolas Buendia	Jose Casal	Mariano Balgos	Sixto Bedrus	Vicente del Rosario
Esteban de la Rama	Pedro Coleto	Pedro C. Castro	Marcelino Chavez	Francisco Afan Delgado
Ramon J. Fernandez	Fernando Gardoqui	Mateo del Castillo	Alfredo Dumlao	Santiago Fonacier
Pedro Hernaez	Melchor Lagasca	Francisco Dematera	Jose Jabeon	Manuel Luz
Vicente Madrigal	Marcelino Lontok	Crisanto Evangelista	Fernando Mangson	Flora Ylagan
Rafael Martinez	Mamerto Manalo	Severino Izon	Vicente Pamatinat	Honorio Caringal (withdrew)
Quintin Paredes	Emilio Medina	Ignacio Nabong (withdrew)	Perfecto Reyes	Mariano delos Santos
Vicente Rama	Jose Padilla Sr.	Jose M. Nava	Florentino Subayno	Crisanto Evangelista
Manuel Roxas	Francisco Ramos	Datu Tampugao Pagayao	Eulalio Tolentino	Melchor Lagasca
Proceso Sebastian	Geronimo Santiago	Narcisa Paguibitan	Prudencio Vega	Josefa Martinez
Ramon Torres	Vicente Sotto	Hadji Usman	Gaudencio Bautista	—
Melecio Arranz	Jose M. Bayot	Angel Ancajas	Ciriaco V. Campomanes
Mariano Jesus Cuenco	Felicidad Climaco	Isabello Caballero	Esteban Coruna
Antonio de las Alas	Jose Gamboa	Severo Dava	Joaquin Flavier
Carlos P. Garcia	Eliseo Imzon	Isabelo delos Reyes Jr.	Mariano Lumbre
Domingo Imperial	Julio A. Llorente	Lino Dizon	Samson Palomares
Daniel Maramba	Sixto Lopez	Juan Feleo	Antonio Ramos
Jose Ozamiz	Angel Marin	Manuel Joven	Antipas Soriano
Elpidio Quirino	Raymundo Melliza	Norberto Nabong	Aurelio Tankeko
Claro M. Recto	Jose Palarca Sr	Jose Padilla Sr.	Ricardo Valdivia
Eulogio Rodriguez	Pablo Rocha	Antonio Paguia	Pedro Zaragosa
Emiliano Tria Tirona	Filemon Sotto	Antonio Salvador	—
Jose Yulo	Juan Villamor	—	—

Independents
Manuel Briones

Results

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24
Before election	‡^	‡^	‡^	‡^	‡^	‡^	‡^	‡^	‡^	‡^	‡^	‡^	‡^	‡^	‡^	‡^	‡^	‡^	‡^	‡^	‡^	‡^	‡^	‡^

Election result	NP
After election

Per candidate

While the tally of votes have been lost in history, some sources tell where each candidate finished in the tally. Claro M. Recto finished first,^[3] while Mariano Jesus Cuenco finished fifth, and Vicente Rama finished 16th.^[4]

Not all candidates of the same party finished with the same number of votes, as some voted individually per candidate, instead of just writing the party name, and some didn't complete the 24 names if they did choose to vote individually per candidate.

e • d Summary of the November 11, 1941 Senatorial election results
Rank	Candidate		Votes
1.	Claro M. Recto^a	Nacionalista	1,084,003
2.	Manuel Roxas	Nacionalista	1,076,389
3.	Quintin Paredes^a	Nacionalista	1,046,715
4.	Jose Yulo^a	Nacionalista	1,035,025
5.	Elpidio Quirino	Nacionalista	1,013,095
6.	Antonio de las Alas^a	Nacionalista	1,002,853
7.	Emiliano Tria Tirona^a	Nacionalista	983,740
8.	Eulogio Rodriguez^a	Nacionalista	982,144
9.	Vicente Madrigal^a	Nacionalista	977,119
10.	Mariano Jesus Cuenco	Nacionalista	974,683
11.	Melecio Arranz	Nacionalista	973,403
12.	Carlos P. Garcia	Nacionalista	972,034
13.	Ramon Torres	Nacionalista	962,836
14.	Domingo Imperial	Nacionalista	959,633
15.	Daniel Maramba^b	Nacionalista	959,390
16.	Pedro Hernaez	Nacionalista	949,238
17.	Ramon J. Fernandez	Nacionalista	947,798
18.	Jose Ozamiz^b	Nacionalista	947,106
19.	Nicolas Buendia	Nacionalista	944,315
20.	Esteban de la Rama	Nacionalista	937,746
21.	Vicente Rama	Nacionalista	934,254
22.	Proceso Sebastian^a	Nacionalista	930,179
23.	Alauya Alonto¹	Nacionalista	919,348
24.	Rafael Martinez²	Nacionalista	871,971
25.	Vicente Sotto	Popular Front (Sumulong)	229,276
26.	Filemon Sotto	Popular Front (Sumulong)	191,815
27.	Jose Alejandrino	Popular Front (Sumulong)	128,077
28.	Jose Padilla Sr.	Popular Front (Sumulong)	127,557
29.	Emilio Medina	Popular Front (Sumulong)	125,896
30.	Eliseo Imzon	Popular Front (Sumulong Wing)	123,540
31.	Geronimo Santiago	Popular Front (Sumulong Wing)	120,005
32.	Manuel Briones	Independent	118,804
33.	Isabelo delos Reyes Jr.	Popular Front (Abad Santos Wing)	117,339
34.	Sixto Lopez	Popular Front (Sumulong)	116,888
35.	Juan Villamor	Popular Front (Sumulong)	116,437
36.	Jose Palarca Sr	Popular Front (Sumulong)	115,087
37.	Raymundo Melliza	Popular Front (Sumulong)	114,987
38.	Arsenio Suazo	Popular Front (Sumulong)	110,210
39.	Angel Marin	Popular Front (Sumulong)	110,007
40.	Jose M. Bayot	Popular Front (Sumulong)	109,667
41.	Felicidad Climaco	Popular Front (Sumulong)	109,610
42.	Julio A. Llorente	Popular Front (Sumulong)	109,480
43.	Jose Gamboa	Popular Front (Sumulong)	108,798
44.	Pedro Coleto	Popular Front (Sumulong)	107,365
45.	Marcelino Lontok	Popular Front (Sumulong)	104,117
46.	Mamerto Manalo	Popular Front (Sumulong)	102,798
47.	Fernando Gardoqui	Popular Front (Sumulong)	99,889
48.	Crisanto Evangelista	Popular Front (Abad Santos)	97,554
49.	Norberto Nabong	Popular Front (Abad Santos)	97,231
50.	Juan Feleo	Popular Front (Abad Santos)	96,740
51.	Jose M. Nava	Popular Front (Abad Santos)	94,887
52.	Angel Ancajas	Popular Front (Abad Santos)	91,005
53.	Lino Dizon	Popular Front (Abad Santos)	88,547
54.	Jose Casal	Popular Front (Sumulong)	85,403
55.	Pablo Rocha	Popular Front (Sumulong)	84,996
56.	Melchor Lagasca	Popular Front (Sumulong)	82,009
57.	Antonio Paguia	Popular Front (Abad Santos)	80,468
58.	Mateo del Castillo	Popular Front (Abad Santos)	79,368
59.	Severino Izon	Popular Front (Abad Santos)	76,682
60.	Antonio Salvador	Popular Front (Abad Santos)	76,413
61.	Hadji Usman	Popular Front (Abad Santos)	76,397
62.	Pedro C. Castro	Popular Front (Abad Santos)	75,558
63.	Francisco Dematera	Popular Front (Abad Santos)	68,773
64.	Isabello Caballero	Popular Front (Abad Santos)	67,588
65.	Perfecto Reyes	Ganap	65,002
66.	Mariano P. Balgos	Popular Front (Abad Santos)	64,799
67.	Alfredo Dumlao	Ganap	64,553
68.	Manuel Joven	Popular Front (Abad Santos)	62,006
69.	Severo Dava	Popular Front (Abad Santos)	61,956
70.	Ciriaco V. Campomanes	Ganap	57,440
71.	Vicente Pamatinat	Ganap	55,211
72.	Ricardo Valdivia	Ganap	55,044
73.	Narcisa Paguibitan	Popular Front (Abad Santos)	54,632
74.	Francisco Ramos	Popular Front (Sumulong)	54,189
75.	Datu Tampugao Pagayao	Popular Front (Abad Santos)	53,953
76.	Samson Palomares	Ganap	50,489
77.	Esteban Coruna	Ganap	50,113
78.	Fernando Mangson	Ganap	48,770
79.	Eulalio Tolentino	Ganap	48,502
80.	Prudencio Vega	Ganap	47,822
81.	Antipas Soriano	Ganap	47,347
82.	Francisco Robles	Ganap	46,883
83.	Jose Jabeon	Ganap	45,984
84.	Joaquin Flavier	Ganap	44,980
85.	Pedro Zaragosa	Ganap	44,669
86.	Francisco Afan Delgado	Partido Modernista	41,890
87.	Antonio Ramos	Ganap	40,008
88.	Aurelio Tankeko	Ganap	37,965
89.	Sixto Bedrus	Ganap	37,714
90.	Santiago Fonacier	Partido Modernista	37,503
91.	Gaudencio Bautista	Ganap	36,912
92.	Mariano Lumbre	Ganap	36,715
93.	Flora Ylagan	Partido Modernista	34,730
94.	Wenceslao Asistido	Ganap	32,803
95.	Marcelino Chavez	Ganap	30,058
96.	Florentino Subayno	Ganap	28,447
97.	Josefina Martinez	Partido Modernista	25,596
98.	Pedro Arteche	Partido Modernista	23,441
99.	Manuel Luz	Partido Modernista	20,004
100.	Vicente del Rosario	Partido Modernista	13,259
101.	Mariano delos Santos	Partido Modernista	11,446
102.	Honorio Caringal (withdrew)	Partido Modernista	0
103.	Ignacio Nabong (withdrew)	Popular Front (Abad Santos)	0

^a The following were detained because of collaboration charges with the Japanese: Antonio de las Alas, Vicente Madrigal, Quintin Paredes, Claro M. Recto, Eulogio Rodriguez, Proceso E. Sebastian, Emiliano Tria Tirona and José Yulo.

^b Daniel Maramba died and Jose Ozamis was executed during the war.

^c The senators elected in 1941 served only from July 5, 1945 to April 23, 1946 except for Alauya Alonto, Esteban de la Rama, Pedro C. Hernaez, Vicente Madrigal, Vicente Rama, Eulogio A. Rodriguez, Sr., Proceso E. Sebastian, and Emiliano Tria Tirona, who served until May 22, 1947.

^1 Alauya Alonto used his Muslim Name "Sa Ramain" during the elections

^2 Replaced Norberto Romuáldez who died on the eve of the elections.

Note: The tally of votes is incomplete, as the official tally of votes were destroyed during World War II.

Per party



Party		Seats
	Nacionalista Party	24
	Popular Front	0
Total		24

Source: Julio Teehankee. "Electoral Politics in the Philippines" (PDF). quezon.ph.

References

^ Philippine Electoral Almanac. The Presidential Communications Development and Strategic Planning Office. 2013. p. 17. Archived from the original on 2014-04-09.
^ Liang, Dapen. Philippine Parties & Politics: A Historical Study of National Experience in Democracy.
^ Dooc, Emmanuel (2020-02-28). "Claro Mayo Recto: Champion of Filipino nationalism | Emmanuel Dooc". BusinessMirror. Retrieved 2021-07-20.
^ Oaminal, Clarence Paul. "Don Vicente Rama, the Cebuano who won in the 1941 Senatorial Election". Philstar.com. Retrieved 2021-07-20.

External links

[1] Philippine Electoral Almanac. The Presidential Communications Development and Strategic Planning Office. 2013. p. 17. Archived from the original on 2014-04-09.

[2] Liang, Dapen. Philippine Parties & Politics: A Historical Study of National Experience in Democracy.

[3] Dooc, Emmanuel (2020-02-28). "Claro Mayo Recto: Champion of Filipino nationalism | Emmanuel Dooc". BusinessMirror. Retrieved 2021-07-20.

[4] Oaminal, Clarence Paul. "Don Vicente Rama, the Cebuano who won in the 1941 Senatorial Election". Philstar.com. Retrieved 2021-07-20.

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