1807 in science

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The year 1807 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.

Astronomy

William Wallace proves that any two simple polygons of equal area are equidecomposable, later known as the Wallace–Bolyai–Gerwien theorem.^[3]

Samuel Hahnemann first introduces the term 'homeopathy' in an essay, "Indications of the Homeopathic Employment of Medicines in Ordinary Practice", published in Versammlung der Hufelandische medicinisch-chirurgischen Gesellschaft.^[4]
British Army surgeon John Vetch describes the keratoconjunctivitis ("Egyptian ophthalmia") suffered by troops returned from service overseas;^[5] he identifies it as epidemic.^[6]

July 20 – French brothers Claude and Nicéphore Niépce receive a patent for their Pyréolophore, an early internal combustion engine, having demonstrated it powering a boat on the Saône.
August 17 – Robert Fulton's North River Steamboat makes her first trip from New York City to Albany.
November 19 – English inventor Lionel Lukin launches the world's first sailing self-righting rescue life-boat, the Frances Anne, at Lowestoft.^[7]
William Cubitt patents self-regulating sails for windmills.^[8]
Henry Maudslay patents an improved table engine.
William Hyde Wollaston patents the camera lucida.^[9]

Alexander von Humboldt's Le Voyage aux Régions equinoxiales du Nouveau Continent, fait en 1799–1804, par Alexandre de Humboldt et Aimé Bonpland begins publication.
Thomas Young's A Course of Lectures on Natural Philosophy and the Mechanical Arts published.

February 27 – Louise du Pierry, French astronomer (born 1746)
April 4 – Jérôme Lalande, French astronomer (born 1732)
December 5 – Francis Willis, English physician specialising in mental disorders (born 1718)

^ "4 Vesta". JPL Small-Body Database Browser. Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 2011-08-09.
^ "Rifled Breech Loader". globalsecurity.org. Retrieved 22 September 2011.
^ Stewart, Ian (1996). From Here to Infinity (3rd ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 169. ISBN 978-0-19-283202-3.
^ Gumpert, Martin (1945). Hahnemann: the Adventurous Career of a Medical Rebel (English-language ed.). New York: Fischer. p. 130.
^ Vetch, John (1807). An Account of the Ophthalmia. London: Longman.
^ Feibel, Robert M. (1983). "John Vetch and the Egyptian Ophthalmia". Survey of Ophthalmology. History of Ophthalmology. 28: 128–34.
^ Malster, Robert, ed. (2013). The Minute Books of the Suffolk Humane Society... and the world's first sailing lifeboat. Suffolk Records Society, vol. 56. Woodbridge: Boydell Press. ISBN 978-1-84383-805-0.
^ Brown, Peter. "Sir William Cubitt (1785-1861)". Archived from the original on 16 July 2011. Retrieved 2011-07-18.
^ Hammond, John; Austin, Jill (1987). The camera lucida in art and science. Taylor & Francis.
^ Harris, G. P. (1807). "Description of two new Species of Didelphis from Van Diemen's Land". Transactions of the Linnean Society of London. 9: 174–78. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1818.tb00336.x. Retrieved 2015-12-10.
^ "Copley Medal | British scientific award". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 21 July 2020.