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{{User sandbox}}
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{{distinguish|text=[[Free Democrats (Armenia)]]}}
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{{Infobox political party
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2012 წელს ზუგდიდში 30-ზე მეტი აქცია მოეწყო|publisher=Radio Freedom|date=25 December 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://dfwatch.net/ivanishvili-gathers-supporters-in-georgias-old-capital-mtskheta-31533-10461|title=Ivanishvili gathers supporters in Georgia's old capital Mtskheta|publisher=Dfwatch|date=2 July 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://netgazeti.ge/opinion/14211/|title=ბიძინა ივანიშვილის გამოსვლა აქციაზე|publisher=Netgazeti|date=27 May 2012}}</ref> }} The coalition's campaign surged after the [[Gldani prison scandal]] highlighted widespread torture in Georgian prisons under Saakashvili's administration.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://dfwatch.net/ivanishvilis-campaign-surges-after-abuse-scandal-85568-13062|title=Ivanishvili's campaign surges after abuse scandal|publisher=Dfwatch|date=23 September 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.dailynewsegypt.com/2012/09/19/georgia-prison-scandal-highlights-widespread-torture/|title=Georgia prison scandal highlights widespread torture|work=Daily News Egypt|date=19 September 2012}}</ref>
2012 წელს ზუგდიდში 30-ზე მეტი აქცია მოეწყო|publisher=Radio Freedom|date=25 December 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://dfwatch.net/ivanishvili-gathers-supporters-in-georgias-old-capital-mtskheta-31533-10461|title=Ivanishvili gathers supporters in Georgia's old capital Mtskheta|publisher=Dfwatch|date=2 July 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://netgazeti.ge/opinion/14211/|title=ბიძინა ივანიშვილის გამოსვლა აქციაზე|publisher=Netgazeti|date=27 May 2012}}</ref> }} The coalition's campaign surged after the [[Gldani prison scandal]] highlighted widespread torture in Georgian prisons under Saakashvili's administration.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://dfwatch.net/ivanishvilis-campaign-surges-after-abuse-scandal-85568-13062|title=Ivanishvili's campaign surges after abuse scandal|publisher=Dfwatch|date=23 September 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.dailynewsegypt.com/2012/09/19/georgia-prison-scandal-highlights-widespread-torture/|title=Georgia prison scandal highlights widespread torture|work=Daily News Egypt|date=19 September 2012}}</ref>


The coalition successfully challenged the ruling UNM party in the [[Georgian parliamentary election, 2012|2012 parliamentary election]].<ref name="civil-1">[http://civil.ge/eng/article.php?id=24683 Ivanishvili's Political Party Launched]. Civil Georgia. 21 April 2012. Retrieved 12 May 2012.</ref> It won this election with 54.97% of the vote, gaining 85 seats in parliament. Out of the 85 seats Free Democrats were allocated 11.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.eastwatch.eu/2012-elections-parliament-of-georgia/ |title=2012 Elections Parliament of Georgia |publisher=East Watch |author=Jelger Groeneveld |date=24 March 2024 }}</ref> In [[Tbilisi]] Widespread celebrations were held in support of Georgian Dream. The next day, Saakashvili accepted the results as legitimate, while at the same time noting that he remained deeply opposed to the coalition.<ref name=":8">{{Cite news |last=Barry |first=Ellen |date=2 October 2012 |title=Georgia's President Concedes Defeat in Parliamentary Election |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/10/03/world/europe/georgia-election-results.html |access-date=16 June 2022}}</ref> Saakashvili pledged to support the constitutional process of forming a new government and peaceful transfer of power.<ref>{{cite web|last=Barry |first=Ellen |url=http://www.nytimes.com/2012/10/03/world/europe/georgia-election-results.html?ref=global-home |title=Georgia's President Concedes Defeat in Parliamentary Election |location=Georgia (Georgian Republic) |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=2012-10-02 |access-date=2012-12-07}}</ref>
The coalition successfully challenged the ruling UNM party in the [[Georgian parliamentary election, 2012|2012 parliamentary election]].<ref name="civil-1">[http://civil.ge/eng/article.php?id=24683 Ivanishvili's Political Party Launched]. Civil Georgia. 21 April 2012. Retrieved 12 May 2012.</ref> It won this election with 54.97% of the vote, gaining 85 seats in parliament. Out of the 85 seats, Free Democrats were allocated 11.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.eastwatch.eu/2012-elections-parliament-of-georgia/ |title=2012 Elections Parliament of Georgia |publisher=East Watch |author=Jelger Groeneveld |date=24 March 2024 }}</ref> In [[Tbilisi]] Widespread celebrations were held in support of Georgian Dream. The next day, Saakashvili accepted the results as legitimate, while at the same time noting that he remained deeply opposed to the coalition.<ref name=":8">{{Cite news |last=Barry |first=Ellen |date=2 October 2012 |title=Georgia's President Concedes Defeat in Parliamentary Election |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/10/03/world/europe/georgia-election-results.html |access-date=16 June 2022}}</ref> Saakashvili pledged to support the constitutional process of forming a new government and peaceful transfer of power.<ref>{{cite web|last=Barry |first=Ellen |url=http://www.nytimes.com/2012/10/03/world/europe/georgia-election-results.html?ref=global-home |title=Georgia's President Concedes Defeat in Parliamentary Election |location=Georgia (Georgian Republic) |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=2012-10-02 |access-date=2012-12-07}}</ref>


===Government===
===Government===
OG-FD created the "Georgian Dream-Free Democrats" faction.<ref name="maj"/> On 25 October Ivanishvili was voted in as the country's new prime minister, with 88 votes in favor to 54 against.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-20081392|title=Ivanishvili confirmed as prime minister of Georgia|publisher=[[BBC]]|date=2012-10-25|access-date=2013-12-07}}</ref> The most ministries in the 21-member cabinet went to the Georgian Dream party, while the Free Democrats party was represented in the government by four ministers: [[Tea Tsulukiani]] as the Minister of Justice, [[Irakli Alasania]] as the Minister of Defense and Vice Premier, [[Alexi Petriashvili]] as the State Minister for European and Euro-Atlantic Integration, and Kote Surguladze as the State Minister on the Diaspora Issues.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://old.civil.ge/eng/article.php?id=25389|title= Ivanishvili Confirmed as Prime Minister|publisher=[[Civil Georgia]]|date=2012-10-25|access-date=2013-12-07}}</ref>

The new government maintained the [[free market]] economic model, while also establishing a functional [[social safety net]].<ref name="olig">{{cite news|work=Georgian Institute of Politics|first=Bidzina|last=Lebanidze|title=Popular Oligarchy: Why the Public Still Supports Georgian Dream|url=https://gip.ge/popular-oligarchy-why-the-public-still-supports-georgian-dream/|date=2017}}</ref> It increased social spending on programs such as pensions, social assistance allowances, and education spending.<ref name="imp">{{Cite news |date=2014 |title=Joint Communication to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions: Neighbourhood at the Crossroads: Implementation of the European Neighbourhood Policy in 2013 |url=https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:52014SC0072&from=GA|access-date=16 June 2022}}</ref> The government introduced the [[Universal health care|Universal Healthcare]] Program (UHP).<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Verulava |first1=T. |last2=Jorbenadze |first2=R. |last3=Barkalaia |first3=T. |date=January 2017 |title=Introduction of Universal Health Program in Georgia: Problems and Perspectives |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28252441/ |journal=Georgian Med News |issue=262 |pages=116–120 |pmid=28252441 |via=National Library of Medicine}}</ref> The reform made state-sponsored health insurance available on a mass scale.<ref>{{cite news|website=Agenda.ge|title=Universal Healthcare Program will continue in Georgia|url=https://agenda.ge/en/news/2016/2886|date=20 November 2016}}</ref> Prison and crime reforms were additionally initiated that changed the approach to be more lenient, scrapping the [[zero tolerance|zero-tolerance policy]] pursued under the previous administration.<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 April 2013 |title=Parliament Confirms Shift to Concurrent Sentencing |url=https://civil.ge/archives/122774|work=[[Civil Georgia]] }}</ref> Furthermore, the government persecuted thirty-five officials who had served under the previous government with criminal charges ranging from embezzlement to abuse of power and torture.<ref>{{Cite news |date=1 March 2013 |title=Justice or Injustice in Georgia?: The First 100 Days after the Power Transfer|work=[[JSTOR]]|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/resrep18669|access-date=18 June 2022}}</ref>


==Ideology==
==Ideology==

Revision as of 04:54, 31 August 2024

Free Democrats
თავისუფალი დემოკრატები
ChairmanTamar Kekenadze
Secretary-GeneralEmzar Kakulia
FounderIrakli Alasania
Founded16 July 2009
Registered21 August 2009
HeadquartersTbilisi
IdeologyLiberalism[1]
Pro-Europeanism[1]
Political positionCenter[2] to center-left[3]
National affiliationAlliance for Georgia (2009–2010)
Georgian Dream (2012–2014)
European affiliationAlliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party (affiliate)[4]
Seats in Parliament
0 / 150
Website
fd.ge

Free Democrats (Georgian: თავისუფალი დემოკრატები, romanized: tavisupali demok'rat'ebi), previously known as Our Georgia – Free Democrats is a liberal and pro-Western political party in Georgia.[1] It was founded by Irakli Alasania, Georgia's former envoy to the United Nations, on 16 July 2009.[5] Tamar Kekenadze serves as the party's current chairman.[6]

The party was formed in opposition to the government led by Mikheil Saakashvili and his United National Movement (UNM) party.[5] From 2012 to 2014 it was a part of the Georgian Dream coalition that unseated the UNM government from power.[7] In 2016 it ran independently of the coalition barely missing the 5% threshold needed to enter the parliament.[citation needed] Ever since the party has been in the extraparliamentary opposition.[citation needed]

History

The opposition

Irakli Alasania, the founder of Free Democrats, in 2007.

Irakli Alasania, Georgia's former envoy to the United Nations, went into opposition to the UNM government led by Saakashvili in December 2008.[8] On 23 February 2009 Alasania, along with New Rights and Republican Parties, announced the formation of a political alliance Alliance for Georgia with Alasania being named the chairman.[9] Alasania established his own party Our Georgia – Free Democrats on 16 July 2009.[5]

Alliance for Georgia was part of the 2009 protests that called for Saakashvili's resignation and early presidential elections.[8] In the 2010 local elections Alliance for Georgia came in third place receiving 9.19% of the vote. In addition, Alasania ran for the Tbilisi mayoral election receiving 19.05% and coming in second place after the incumbent mayor Gigi Ugulava from UNM.[10]

In October 2010, OG - FD joined the Group of Eight parliamentary alliance with seven other opposition parties. It included Christian-Democratic Movement (CDM), New Rights (NR), National Forum (NF), Conservative Party (CP), Republican Party (RP), Georgia's Way (GW), and People's Party (PP). The goal of the coalition was to unify the opposition over issues related to electoral reform. The grouping fell apart when two of the opposition parties (CDM and NR) split with the rest of the coalition and made a deal with the ruling UNM party over electoral reform.[11][12][13] The 6 parties that didn't sign the agreement tried forming a coalition that collapsed in less than 3 months due to differences in tactics.[14]

Bidzina Ivanishvili, the founder of the Georgian Dream party and coalition.

On 21 February 2012 Georgian Dream coalition was established by billionaire businessman and oligarch Bidzina Ivanishvili led by the political party also named Georgian Dream. Free Democrats were one of the parties to join the coalition.[15] Georgian Dream attracted massive rallies since the formation of the coalition.[21] The coalition's campaign surged after the Gldani prison scandal highlighted widespread torture in Georgian prisons under Saakashvili's administration.[22][23]

The coalition successfully challenged the ruling UNM party in the 2012 parliamentary election.[24] It won this election with 54.97% of the vote, gaining 85 seats in parliament. Out of the 85 seats, Free Democrats were allocated 11.[25] In Tbilisi Widespread celebrations were held in support of Georgian Dream. The next day, Saakashvili accepted the results as legitimate, while at the same time noting that he remained deeply opposed to the coalition.[26] Saakashvili pledged to support the constitutional process of forming a new government and peaceful transfer of power.[27]

Government

OG-FD created the "Georgian Dream-Free Democrats" faction.[28] On 25 October Ivanishvili was voted in as the country's new prime minister, with 88 votes in favor to 54 against.[29] The most ministries in the 21-member cabinet went to the Georgian Dream party, while the Free Democrats party was represented in the government by four ministers: Tea Tsulukiani as the Minister of Justice, Irakli Alasania as the Minister of Defense and Vice Premier, Alexi Petriashvili as the State Minister for European and Euro-Atlantic Integration, and Kote Surguladze as the State Minister on the Diaspora Issues.[30]

The new government maintained the free market economic model, while also establishing a functional social safety net.[31] It increased social spending on programs such as pensions, social assistance allowances, and education spending.[32] The government introduced the Universal Healthcare Program (UHP).[33] The reform made state-sponsored health insurance available on a mass scale.[34] Prison and crime reforms were additionally initiated that changed the approach to be more lenient, scrapping the zero-tolerance policy pursued under the previous administration.[35] Furthermore, the government persecuted thirty-five officials who had served under the previous government with criminal charges ranging from embezzlement to abuse of power and torture.[36]

Ideology

Free Democrats is a liberal and pro-European political party in Georgia.[4][1]

The party in its formation has described itself as "right-centrist".[8]

Alasania has been described as being committed to bringing Georgia fully into Western institutions including NATO and the European Union.[37]


Alasania has been described as a moderate or pragmatic voice in the opposition to Saakashvili's government.[38][37]

The party considers the dignity and freedom of the individual as a central value. The goal of Free Democrats is to develop the country into a law-based state, where the fundamental principles of the rule of law, protection of basic human rights and freedoms, supremacy of law and a division of powers are ensured.[4]

Electoral performance

Election Leader Votes % Seats /– Position Government Coalition
2012 Irakli Alasania 1,181,862 54.97
11 / 150
 New 1st Government Georgian Dream
2016 Irakli Alasania 81,464 4.63
0 / 150
 Decrease 11 Decrease 4th Extra-parliamentary independent
2020 Tamar Kekenadze 5,188 0.27
0 / 150
 Steady Decrease 15th Extra-parliamentary independent

Local

Election Votes % Position Coalition
2010 156,540 9.19 3rd Alliance for Georgia
2014 719 431 50.82 Increase 1st Georgian Dream


References

  1. ^ a b c d "Georgia's Free Democrats announces party list ahead of October elections". Common Space. 18 July 2016.
  2. ^ Sandro Tabatadze (May 2022). "Party-Based Euroscepticism: The Case of Georgia". Demokratizatsiya: 11.
  3. ^ "Georgia's Political Landscape". Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung. 18 October 2021.
  4. ^ a b c "ALDE Member Parties". aldeparty.eu.
  5. ^ a b c "Georgian Opposition Leader Alasania Forms New Party". Radio Free Europe. 17 July 2009.
  6. ^ "პოლიტიკური პარტიების რეესტრი". National Agency of Public Registry of Ministry of Justice of Georgia.
  7. ^ "Georgian Party Leaves Coalition Government as Row Deepens". Bloomberg.com. 4 November 2014.
  8. ^ a b c "Alasania Sets Up Political Party". Civil Georgia. 16 July 2009.
  9. ^ "Alasania Leads New Alliance with New Rights, Republicans". Civil Georgia. 23 February 2009.
  10. ^ "არჩევნები 2010". CESKO.
  11. ^ "Six Opposition Parties Reject Ruling Party's Electoral Proposals". Civil Georgia. 27 June 2011.
  12. ^ "Six Opposition Parties Reject Ruling Party's Electoral Proposals". Civil Georgia. 27 June 2011.
  13. ^ "Six Opposition Parties Set Up Coalition". Civil Georgia. 8 July 2011.
  14. ^ "Coalition of Six Opposition Parties Collapses". Civil Georgia. 6 October 2011.
  15. ^ Vladimir Socor (24 January 2012). "Georgian Dream: Ivanishvili Enlists Allies for His Political Project". Jamestown. Retrieved 6 June 2024.
  16. ^ "Mass opposition rally in Tbilisi, Georgia". BBC. 27 May 2012. Retrieved 21 September 2012.
  17. ^ Andrew E. Kramer (27 May 2012). "80,000 at Opposition Rally as Georgia Nears Crossroads". New York Times.
  18. ^ "2012 წელს ზუგდიდში 30-ზე მეტი აქცია მოეწყო". Radio Freedom. 25 December 2012.
  19. ^ "Ivanishvili gathers supporters in Georgia's old capital Mtskheta". Dfwatch. 2 July 2012.
  20. ^ "ბიძინა ივანიშვილის გამოსვლა აქციაზე". Netgazeti. 27 May 2012.
  21. ^ [16][17][18][19][20]
  22. ^ "Ivanishvili's campaign surges after abuse scandal". Dfwatch. 23 September 2012.
  23. ^ "Georgia prison scandal highlights widespread torture". Daily News Egypt. 19 September 2012.
  24. ^ Ivanishvili's Political Party Launched. Civil Georgia. 21 April 2012. Retrieved 12 May 2012.
  25. ^ Jelger Groeneveld (24 March 2024). "2012 Elections Parliament of Georgia". East Watch.
  26. ^ Barry, Ellen (2 October 2012). "Georgia's President Concedes Defeat in Parliamentary Election". The New York Times. Retrieved 16 June 2022.
  27. ^ Barry, Ellen (2 October 2012). "Georgia's President Concedes Defeat in Parliamentary Election". The New York Times. Georgia (Georgian Republic). Retrieved 7 December 2012.
  28. ^ Cite error: The named reference maj was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  29. ^ "Ivanishvili confirmed as prime minister of Georgia". BBC. 25 October 2012. Retrieved 7 December 2013.
  30. ^ "Ivanishvili Confirmed as Prime Minister". Civil Georgia. 25 October 2012. Retrieved 7 December 2013.
  31. ^ Lebanidze, Bidzina (2017). "Popular Oligarchy: Why the Public Still Supports Georgian Dream". Georgian Institute of Politics.
  32. ^ "Joint Communication to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions: Neighbourhood at the Crossroads: Implementation of the European Neighbourhood Policy in 2013". 2014. Retrieved 16 June 2022.
  33. ^ Verulava, T.; Jorbenadze, R.; Barkalaia, T. (January 2017). "Introduction of Universal Health Program in Georgia: Problems and Perspectives". Georgian Med News (262): 116–120. PMID 28252441 – via National Library of Medicine.
  34. ^ "Universal Healthcare Program will continue in Georgia". Agenda.ge. 20 November 2016.
  35. ^ "Parliament Confirms Shift to Concurrent Sentencing". Civil Georgia. 17 April 2013.
  36. ^ "Justice or Injustice in Georgia?: The First 100 Days after the Power Transfer". JSTOR. 1 March 2013. Retrieved 18 June 2022.
  37. ^ a b Brian Whitmore (17 July 2009). "The Pragmatist: Georgia's Irakli Alasania Emerges As Political Alternative". Radio Free Europe / Radio Liberty.
  38. ^ "Georgia's Alasania Seeks A Middle Ground For Opposition". Radio Free Europe / Radio Liberty. 2 June 2009.

2020 Georgian parliamentary election
← 2016 31 October 2020 (first round)
21 November 2020 (second round)		 2024 ⊟
All 150 seats in Parliament
76 seats needed for a majority
Turnout55.70% (first round)
26.43% (second round)
  First party Second party Third party
  File:Giorgi Gakharia-18.jpg
Leader Giorgi Gakharia Grigol Vashadze Davit Bakradze
Party Georgian Dream United National Movement European Georgia
Alliance – Strength Is In Unity –
Leader since 8 September 2019 18 July 2018 27 May 2017
Last election 107 seats[a] 27 seats Did not exist
Seats won
Seat change Decrease17 Increase9 Increase5
Constituency vote 938,634 492,951 72,986
% and swing 49.79% Increase 2.84 pp 26.15% Increase 0.13 pp 3.79%
Proportional vote 928,004 523,127 105,010
% and swing 48.22% Decrease 0.46 pp 27.18% Increase 0.07 pp 5.57%
Proportional results (left) and constituency results (right)[1]
Composition of the Georgian Parliament after the election
Prime Minister before election

Giorgi Kvirikashvili
Georgian Dream

Elected Prime Minister

Giorgi Kvirikashvili
Georgian Dream

Politics of Georgia
Constitution
Executive
Legislature
Judiciary
Local government
Administrative divisions
Election Administration
Foreign relations
Related topics
flag Georgia portal


2016 Georgian parliamentary election
← 2012 8 October 2016 (first round)
30 October 2016 (second round)		 2020 ⊟
All 150 seats in Parliament
76 seats needed for a majority
Turnout51.94% (first round) Decrease 9.37 pp
37.50% (second round)[2]
  First party Second party Third party
 
Leader Giorgi Kvirikashvili Davit Bakradze Irma Inashvili
Party Georgian Dream[b] United National Movement Alliance of Patriots of Georgia
Leader since 30 December 2015 21 October 2012 21 October 2012
Last election 52 seats[c] 65 seats Did not exist
Seats won
Seat change Increase63 Decrease38 Increase6
Constituency vote 813,353 450,670 94,202
% and swing 46.95% Decrease 6.52 pp 26.01% Decrease 14.70 pp 5.44%
Proportional vote 856,638 477,053 88,097
% and swing 48.68% Decrease 6.28 pp 27.11% Decrease 13.23 pp 5.01%
Composition of the Georgian Parliament after the election
Prime Minister before election

Giorgi Kvirikashvili
Georgian Dream

Elected Prime Minister

Giorgi Kvirikashvili
Georgian Dream

Politics of Georgia
Constitution
Executive
Legislature
Judiciary
Local government
Administrative divisions
Election Administration
Foreign relations
Related topics
flag Georgia portal


2012 Georgian parliamentary election
← 2008 1 October 2012 2016 ⊟
All 150 seats in Parliament
76 seats needed for a majority
Turnout61.31% (Increase 8.49 pp)[3]
  First party Second party
 
Leader Bidzina Ivanishvili Mikheil Saakashvili
Party Georgian Dream – Democratic Georgia United National Movement
Alliance Georgian Dream –
Leader since 21 April 2012 October 2001
Last election 19 seats, 21.51% 119 seats, 59.18%
Seats won
41 (C) · 44 (P)
32 (C) · 33 (P)
Seat change Increase66 Decrease54
Constituency vote 1,141,404 869,109
% and swing 53.47% 40.72%
Proportional vote 1,181,862 867,432
% and swing 54.97% Increase 33.46 pp 40.34% Decrease 18.84 pp
Map of electoral districts, winners by party-list
Composition of the Georgian Parliament after the election
Prime Minister before election

Vano Merabishvili
UNM

Elected Prime Minister

Bidzina Ivanishvili
Georgian Dream

Politics of Georgia
Constitution
Executive
Legislature
Judiciary
Local government
Administrative divisions
Election Administration
Foreign relations
Related topics
flag Georgia portal


Notes

  1. ^ Georgian Dream received 115 seats in the last election, however, 8 of those seats were allocated to different parties running on GD's ticket.
  2. ^ Three parties (CPG, GPG, and SDDG) are running their candidates on GD's ticket.
  3. ^ Georgian Dream coalition dissolved leading up to the election. 52 is the number of seats the parties still running on GD's list this election got in 2012 combined.

References

  1. ^ "The Central Election Commission Summarized Results of the 31 October Parliamentary Elections of Georgia". Cesko. Central Election Commission. Retrieved 5 May 2021.
  2. ^ Second Round Turnout 2016. Central Election Commission.
  3. ^ Results 2012. Central Election Commission
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