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Flora of New York/Dioscoreales & Liliales

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Acorales & Alismatales
Flora of New York — Dioscoreales & Liliales
Asparagales (1)
Orchidaceae
Table of
contents
Genus
index
Protected species index Invasive species index


The Dioscoreales, Liliales and Asparagales form an informal group of monocots (Lilianae), known as the "lilioid monocots."[1]


monocots

Acorales

Alismatales

Dioscoreales

NartheciaceaeAletris farinosa (white colicroot, unicorn root)

Dioscoreaceae

Dioscorea villosa (wild yam)

Dioscorea polystachya (Chinese yam, cinnamon vine) 

Liliales
Melanthiaceae
Melanthieae

Anticlea elegans (white death camas)

Stenanthium leimanthoides (pine barrens death camas)

Veratrum viride (false hellebore, Indian corn lily)

Veratrum virginicum (Virginia bunchflower)†

Veratrum hybridum (crisped bunchflower)†

Amianthium muscitoxicum (fly poison)†

Heloniadeae—Helonias bullata (swamp pink)

Chionographideae—Chamaelirium luteum (fairywand, devil’s bit)

Parideaee—Trillium spp. (8 trilliums)

ColchicaceaeUvularieaeUvularia spp. (4 bellworts)

SmilacaceaeSmilax spp. (7 carrion flowers, greenbiers)

Liliaceae

Asparagales

Orchidaceae

Hypoxidaceae

Iridaceae

Asphodelaceae

Amaryllidaceae

Asparagaceae

Poales

Zingiberales

Commelinales

alismatid
monocots
lilioid
monocots
commelinid
monocots

Superorder Order Family Subfamily Tribe Genus Common names #
lilioid
monocots
Dioscoreales Nartheciaceae Aletris colic root 1
Narthecium asphodel x
Dioscoreaceae Dioscoreoideae Dioscorea yam 2
Liliales Colchicaceae Uvularieae Uvularia bellwort 4
Colchiceae Colchium autumn crocus x
Melanthiaceae Melanthieae Melanthium bunchflower 2
Veratrum false hellebore 1
Anticlea death camas 1
Amianthium fly poison 1
Stenanthium featherbells 6
Heloniadeae Helonias swamp pink 1
Chionographideae Chamaelirium fairywand, devil's bit 1
Parideae Trillium trillium, wake-robin 7
Smilacaceae Smilax greenbrier 7
Liliaceae Calochortoideae Streptopus twisted stalk 2
Prosartes fairy bells 1
Medeoloideae Clintonia bluebead 1
Medeola Indian cucumber 2
Lilioideae Tulipeae Tulipa wild tulip 1
Lilieae Erythronium trout lily 2
Lilium lily 6
Asparagales Orchidaceae Vanilloideae Pogonieae Pogonia snakemouth orchid 3
Isotria fiveleaf orchid 3
Cypripedioideae Cypripedium lady's slipper 7
Epidendroideae Neottieae Epipactis helleborine 2
Neottia twayblade 4
Triphoreae Triphora noddingcaps 1
Arethuseae Arethusa dragon's mouth 2
Malaxideae Liparis widelip-orchid 2
Malaxis adder's-mouth-orchid 3
Maxillarieae Corallorhiza coralroot 6
Aplectrum Adam and Eve 1
Calypsoeae Calypso fairy slipper 1
Tipularia cranefly orchid 1
Orchidoideae Orchideae Amerorchis roundleaf orchis 1
Coeloglossum frog-orchid 1
Galearis galearis 1
Platanthera fringed-orchid 18
Cranichideae Goodyera rattlesnake-plantain 3
Spiranthes ladies'-tresses 14
Hypoxidaceae Hypoxis eastern yellow stargrass 1
Iridaceae Iridoideae Irideae Iris iris 10
Sisyrinchieae Sisyrinchium blue-eyed grass 7
Crocoideae Ixiae Crocus crocus 4
Asphodelaceae Hemerocallidoieae Hemerocallideae Hemerocallis daylily 2
Amaryllidaceae Allioideae Allieae Allium garlic, onion, leek, chives 14
Amaryllidoideae Narcisseae Narcissus daffodil 4
Galantheae Galanthus snowdrop 2
Leucojum snowflake 1
Asparagaceae Scilloideae Ornithogaleae Ornithogalum star-of-Bethlehem 2
Hyacintheae Chionodoxa glory of the snow 1
Hyacinthoides English-bluebell 2
Muscari grape-hyacinth 1
Scilla squill 1
Agavoideae Agaveae Yucca Adam's needle 1
Hosta plantain lily 4
Camassia Atlantic camas 0
Asparagoideae Asparagus asparagus 1
Nolinoideae Convallarieae Convallaria lily-of-the-valley 2
Polygonateae Maianthemum mayflower 4
Polygonatum Solomon's-seal 3

Order Dioscoreales

[edit | edit source]

The order Dioscoreales contains only a few taxa that are native or naturalized in New York.[1]

Family Nartheciaceae

[edit | edit source]
The Nartheciaceae Fr. ex Bjurzon has also been placed in the order Nartheciales Reveal & Zomlefer, Novon 8: 176. 15 Jul 1998. It contains a single species that is native to New York.[2]

Aletris

[edit | edit source]
Aletris farinosa, white colicroot
Of the five colic-root (Aletris) species native to North America, only Aletris farinosa (white colicroot, unicorn root, or stargrass) is found as far north as New York State, where it is listed as a threatened native plant.
Dioscoreales — Nartheciaceae — Aletris
Genus Aletris Colic root N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.

1753. Aletris farinosa  L.
Unicorn root,
White colicroot,
White stargrass,
Mealy stargrass,
White-tubed colicroot,
Ague-root,
Crow-corn
Alétris farineux
Native,
Threatened,
DEC-B[1][2][3]

FAC

Perennial,
Herb-forb

NYFA: 2

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Narthecium

[edit | edit source]
Dioscoreales — Nartheciaceae — Narthecium
Genus Narthecium(excluded taxa) Asphodel N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
Ker Gawl.

1812. Narthecium americanum Ker Gawl.
1867. Narthecium ossifragum  var.  (Ker Gawl.) A. Gray
1894. Abama americana (Ker Gawl.) Morong
Yellow asphodel,
Bog asphodel
N. America native,
N.Y. excluded

NYFA-Excluded

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Family Dioscoreaceae

[edit | edit source]

The Dioscoreaceae (yam family).[1]

Dioscorea

[edit | edit source]
Dioscorea villosa
wild yam

  1. Dioscoreaceae Troy Weldy & David Werier (2013) New York Flora Atlas. New York Flora Association, Albany, New York.
Dioscoreales — Dioscoreaceae — Dioscoreoideae — Dioscorea
Genus Dioscorea Yam N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
L.

1753. Dioscorea villosa  L.
1791. Dioscorea quaternata  J.F.Gmel.
1803. Dioscorea paniculata  Michx. (i)
1833. Dioscorea glauca  Muhl. ex L.C.Beck (i)
1866. Merione villosa  (L.) Salisb.
1910. Dioscorea hirticaulis Bartlett
1964. Dioscorea villosa  var. hirticaulis  (Bartlett) H.E.Ahles
Wild yam,
Yam root,
Wild yam root,
Colic root,
China root,
Yellow yam,
Four-leaved yam
Igname velue,
Dioscorée velue
Native, CoC: 6,
Secure

FAC

Perennial,
Vine

NYFA: 5

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 Turcz.

1837. Dioscorea polystachya  Turcz.
1865. Dioscorea decaisneana  Carriere
1854. Dioscorea batatas  Decne.
 auct. Dioscorea oppositifolia  non L.
 auct. Dioscorea opposita  non Thunb. (i)
Chinese yam,
Cinnamon vine,
Air potato
Introduced from
 temperate Asia,
Highly invasive,
 NYIS: 78%[1]
NYFA: 6 counties
iNat: 6 counties
iMap: 5 counties
NYFA: X
iNat

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Order Liliales

[edit | edit source]
The Liliales...[1]

Family Melanthiaceae

[edit | edit source]
The Melanthiaceae (bunchflower family) contains eight genera (about 16 species) found outside of cultivation in New York State.[1]
Melanthiaceae
Melanthieae

Anticlea elegans (white death camas)

Stenanthium leimanthoides (pine barrens death camas)

Veratrum viride (false hellebore, Indian corn lily)

Veratrum virginicum (Virginia bunchflower)†

Veratrum hybridum (crisped bunchflower)†

Amianthium muscitoxicum (fly poison)†

Heloniadeae—Helonias bullata (swamp pink)

Chionographideae—Chamaelirium luteum (fairywand, devil’s bit)

Parideaee—Trillium spp. (8 trilliums)



Tribe Melanthieae

[edit | edit source]
Tribe Melanthieae Grisebach
Anticlea
[edit | edit source]
Anticlea elegans
White death camas are threatened in New York State.
Liliales — Melanthiaceae — Melanthieae — Anticlea
Genus AnticleaMichx. Death camas N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
(Pursh) Rydb.
var. glauca (Nutt.) Zomlefer & Judd

1818. Melanthium glaucum  Nutt.
1830. Leimanthium glaucum  (Nutt.) Schult. & Schult.f.
1834. Zigadenus glaucus  (Nutt.) Nutt.
1836. Evonyxis glaucus  (Nutt.) Raf.
1843. Anticlea glauca  (Nutt.) Kunth
1973. Zigadenus elegans  ssp. glaucus  (Nutt.) Hultén
1991. Zigadenus elegans  var. glaucus  (Nutt.) Preece ex Cronquist
2009. Anticlea elegans  var. glaucus  (Nutt.) Zomlefer & Judd
2010. Anticlea elegans  ssp. glaucus  (Nutt.) A.Haines
White death-camas,
Glaucous death camas,
Smooth camas,
White camas
Zigadène glauque
Native, CoC: 9,
Threatened

FACW
Genesee, Jefferson, Madison, Monroe, Onondaga, St. Lawrence
NYFA: 2

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Genus AnticleaMichx.(excluded taxa) Death camas N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
(Pursh) Rydb
 var. elegans

1814. Zigadenus elegans Pursh
1903. Anticlea elegans (Pursh) Rydb.
1903. Anticlea chlorantha (Richardson) Rydb.
1903. Anticlea coloradensis (Rydb.) Rydb.
1905. Zigadenus alpinus Blank.
Mountain deathcamas,
Mountain death camas
Zigadène élégant
N. America native,
excluded

FACW

NYFA-Excluded

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Stenanthium
[edit | edit source]
The endangered pine barrens death camas (Stenanthium leimanthoides) is closely related to Stenanthium densum (Osceola’s plume, black snakeroot, crow poison). If lumped as conspecific, Stenanthium densum would probably have priority, since its basionym is Melanthium densum Desr. (1797).
Liliales — Melanthiaceae — Melanthieae — Stenanthium
Genus Stenanthium Featherbells N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (A.Gray) Zomlefer & Judd

1837. Amianthium leimanthoides  A.Gray
1857. Zigadenus leimanthoides  (A.Gray) A.Gray
1903. Oceanorus leimanthoides  (A.Gray) Small
2002. Stenanthium leimanthoides  (A.Gray) Zomlefer & Judd
Pine barren death-camas,
Pine barren deathcamas,
Death-camas
Native, CoC: 10,
Likely extirpated

OBL

Perennial,
Herb-forb
Nassau, Oneida, Richmond, Suffolk
NYFA: Z

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Genus Stenanthium(excluded taxa) Featherbells N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
(Desr.) Zomlefer & Judd

1797. Melanthium densum  Desr.
1856. Zigadenus leimanthoides  A. Gray
1903. Tracyanthus angustifolius  (Michx.) Small
1940. Zigadenus densus  (Desr.) Fernald
2002. Stenanthium densum  (Desr.) Zomlefer & Judd
Osceola's plume,
Black snakeroot,
Crow poison
N. America native,
N.Y. excluded

OBL

Perennial,
Herb-forb

NYFA-Excluded

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(Ker Gawl.) Morong

1813. Helonias graminea  Ker Gawl.
1894. Stenanthium gramineum  (Ker Gawl.) Morong
1879. Stenanthium robustum  S.Watson
1946. Stenanthium gramineum  var. micranthum  Fernald
1946. Stenanthium gramineum  var. robustum  (S. Watson) Fernald
Eastern featherbells,
Feather-fleece
N. America native,
No NY reports

NYFA: 0

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Veratrum sect. Veratrum
[edit | edit source]
Veratrum viride
American false-hellebore (Veratrum viride)
Liliales — Melanthiaceae — Melanthieae — Veratrum
Genus Veratrum False hellebore N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 Aiton

1789. Veratrum viride  Aiton
American false-hellebore,
Green false-hellebore,
Indian poke,
American white-hellebore
Vérâtre vert,
Hellébore blanc,
Tabac du diable
Native,
Secure

FACW

Perennial,
Herb-forb

NYFA: 5

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Veratrum sect. Fuscoveratrum
[edit | edit source]
Melanthium virginicum
Many sources treat the bunchflower species of Melanthium as part of Veratrum. Both of the New York bunchflowers are now presumed to be extirpated.
Liliales — Melanthiaceae — Melanthieae — Melanthium
Genus Veratrumsect. Fuscoveratrum Bunchflower N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (L.) W.T.Aiton

1753. Melanthium virginicum L.
1813. Veratrum virginicum W.T.Aiton
1898. Melanthium dispersum Small
Virginia bunchflower Native,
Endangered,
No recent reports,
DEC: Not listed

FACW

Perennial,
Herb-forb
Nassau, Orange, Richmond, Rockland
NYFA: Z

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 (Walter) Zimmerman, James Hall ex Zomlefer

1788. Melanthium hybridum  Walter
1797. Melanthium latifolium  Desr.
1803. Melanthium racemosum  Michx.
1826. Leimanthium hybridum  Sweet
1843. Zigadenus hybridus  Endl. ex Kunth
1997. Veratrum latifolium  Zomlefer
2012. Veratrum hybridum  (Walter) Zimmerman, James Hall ex Zomlefer
Crisped bunchflower,
Slender bunchflower
Native,
Extirpated

FACU

Perennial,
Herb-forb
Nassau, Orange, Queens, Westchester
NYFA: Z

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Amianthium
[edit | edit source]
Liliales — Melanthiaceae — Melanthieae — Amianthium
Genus Amianthium Fly poison N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (Walter) A.Gray

1788. Melanthium muscaetoxicum  Walter
1837. A. muscaetoxicum  (Walter) A.Gray
1883. Zigadenus muscitoxicum  (Walter) Regel
1891. Chrosperma muscitoxicum  (Walter) Kuntze
1891. Chrysosperma muscitoxicum  (Walter) Kuntze
Fly-poison,
Fly poison,
Crow poison
Native,
Likely extirpated
Nassau, Queens
NYFA: Z

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Tribe Heloniadeae

[edit | edit source]
Helonias
[edit | edit source]
Helonias bullata
swamp pink
Swamp-pink is considered to be extirpated from Staten Island, the only location in New York where it is thought to be native. However it is occasionally found in natural areas where it appears to have been planted.
Liliales — Melanthiaceae — Heloniadeae — Helonias
Genus Helonias Helonias N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.

1753. Helonias bullata  L.
Swamp pink Native,
Extirpated

OBL

Perennial,
Herb-forb

NYFA: Z

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Tribe Chionographideae

[edit | edit source]
Chamaelirium
[edit | edit source]
Liliales — Melanthiaceae — Chionographideae — Chamaelirium
Genus Chamaelirium Chamaelirium N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (L.) A.Gray

1753. Veratrum luteum  L.
1848. Chamaelirium luteum  (L.) A.Gray
Devil's-bit,
Fairy-wand,
Rattlesnake-root,
Blazing-star
Native, CoC: 9,
Endangered,
NYNHP: S1S2[1]

FACU

NYFA: 1-2

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Tribe Parideae

[edit | edit source]
The tribe Parideae contains the genera Trillium (with 3 petals) and the Eurasian Paris (with more than 4 or more petals). Paris species are not listed as having naturalized in New York.
Trillium
[edit | edit source]
Trillium erectum

Liliales — Melanthiaceae — Parideae — Trillium
Genus Trillium Trillium N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.

1753. Trillium erectum  L.
1803. Trillium rhomboideum  Michx. superfl.
1803. Trillium rhomboideum  var. album  Michx.
1814. Trillium erectum  var. erectum  L.
1814. Trillium erectum  var. album  (Michx.) Pursh
1817. Trillium purpureum  Kin in Elliott
1903. Trillium album  (Michx.) Small
Red trillium,
Wake robin,
Red wakerobin,
Stinking Benjamin,
Stinking Willie,
Birthwort
Trille rouge,
Trille dressé
Native, CoC: 7,
Secure

FACU

Perennial,
Herb-forb,
Myrmecochore

NYFA: 5

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 (Michx.) Salisb.

1803. Trillium rhomboideum  var. grandiflorum  Michx.
1805. Trillium grandiflorum  (Michx.) Salisb.
White trillium,
Great white trillium,
White wake-robin,
Large-flowered trillium
Trille grandiflore
Native, CoC: 7,
Secure

UPL

Perennial,
Herb-forb,
Myrmecochore

NYFA: 5

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 Willd.

1801. Trillium undulatum  Willd.
1803. Trillium erythrocarpum  Michx.
1813. Trillium pictum  Pursh
1847. Trillium cleavelandicum  Alph.Wood
2018. Trillidium undulatum  (Willd.) Floden & E.E.Schill.
Painted trillium,
Painted lady
Trille ondulé
Native, CoC: 7,
Secure

FACU

Perennial,
Herb-forb,
Myrmecochore

NYFA: 5

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 L.

1753. Trillium cernuum  L.
1945. Trillium cernuum  var. typicum  Wherry (not validly publ.)
Nodding trillium,
Whip-poor-will flower
Native, CoC: 8,
Vulnerable

FAC

Perennial,
Herb-forb,
Myrmecochore

NYFA: 3?

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 Raf.

1840. Trillium flexipes  Raf.
1906. Trillium declinatum  (A. Gray) Gleason (nom. illeg. hom.)
1932. Trillium gleasonii  Fernald
Bent trillium
Declined trillium
Nodding trillium
Nodding wakerobin
Native, CoC: 10,
Endangered

NYFA: 1

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 L.

1753. Trillium sessile L.
Sessile trillium,
Toad trillium,
Toadshade
Native,
Endangered

NYFA: 1

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L.C.Beck

1826. Trillium recurvatum L.C.Beck
1913. Phyllantherum recurvatum (L.C.Beck) Nieuwl.
Prairie trillium
N. America native,
Unk. naturalization

NYFA: U
NYFA: 1 county
7 counties

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Riddell

1835. Trillium nivale Riddell
Snow wakerobin
Snow trillium
Dwarf white trillium
Dwarf white wakerobin

N. America native,
US Midwest native

NYFA: 0
NYFA: 0 counties
Saratoga County

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Genus Trillium(excluded taxa) Trillium N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.C.Beck

1826. Trillium viride L.C.Beck
Green trillium,
Wood trillium,
Wood wakerobin
N. America native,
N.Y. excluded
Illinois to Missouri
NYFA: U

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 (Muhl.) Harb.

1813. Trillium sessile  var. luteum  Muhl.
1901. Trillium luteum  (Muhl.) Harb.
1952. Trillium viride  var. luteum  (Muhl.) Gleason
Yellow wakerobin,
Yellow trillium,
Yellow toadshade,
Wax trillium
N. America native,
US South native
Alabama, Georgia, Kentucky, North Carolina, Tennessee
NYFA: 0

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Family Colchicaceae

[edit | edit source]
The Colchicaceae.[1]
  1. Colchicaceae Troy Weldy & David Werier (2013) New York Flora Atlas. New York Flora Association, Albany, New York.

Tribe Uvularieae

[edit | edit source]
Uvularia
[edit | edit source]
Uvularia sessilifolia
sessile-leaved bellwort
Uvularia, or bellwort, is a North American plant genus with five species, all of which grow wild in New York except for Florida bellwort (U. floridana). However, most of New York State is outside the range of Uvularia puberula, pine-barren bellwort, which may occur in only a few locations on Long Island, and is considered endangered in the state. A 2013 observation of Uvularia puberula was also reported from Rhododendron Swamp in the Mohonk Preserve.[1]

Note that both perfoliate bellwort (U. perfoliata) and large-flowered bellwort (U. grandiflora) have perfoliate leaves.


Liliales — Colchicaceae — Uvularieae — Uvularia
Genus Uvularia Bellwort N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.

1753. Uvularia sessilifolia  L.
1879. Oakesia sessilifolia  (L.) S.Watson
1903. Oakesiella sessilifolia (L.) Small
Sessile-leaved bellwort,
Sessileleaf bellwort,
Straw-lily,
Wild-oats
Uvulaire à feuilles sessiles,
Uvulaire petites-fleurs
Native, CoC: 6,
Secure

FACU-FAC

Perennial,
Herb-forb

NYFA: 5
iNat
GBIF

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Sm.

1804. Uvularia grandiflora  Sm.
Largeflower bellwort
Large-flowered bellwort
Yellow bellwort
Great merrybells
Uvulaire à grandes fleurs
Uvulaire grandes-fleurs
Uvulaire grandiflore
Native, CoC: 8,
Secure

N. R.

Perennial,
Herb-forb,
Heliophily: 1 - Shade

NYFA: 5
iNat:
GBIF: present in NY

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 L.

1753. Uvularia perfoliata  L.
Perfoliate bellwort,
Straw-bell
Uvulaire perfoliée
Native, CoC: 7,
Secure

FACU

Perennial,
Herb-forb

NYFA: 5
iNat
GBIF

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1803. Uvularia puberula  Michx.
1879. Oakesia puberula  (Michx.) S.Watson
1903. Oakesiella puberula  (Michx.) Small
1939. Uvularia pudica  (Walter) Fernald
Pine-barren bellwort,
Mountain bellwort,
Appalachian bellwort
Native, CoC: 10,
Endangered,
DEC-A[1],
NYNHP: 1[2]

NYFA: 1
NYFA: Suffolk (1925, 87)
iNat
GBIF
No NY observations

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Tribe Colchiceae

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Colchicum
[edit | edit source]
Colchicum autumnale
Autumn crocus (Colchicum autumnale) has been excluded from the New York Flora Atlas, but has been reported as apparently-non-cultivated observations on iNaturalist, where it is shown as present in about eight counties. Interestingly, the genus Crocus, several species of which are also found in New York, is placed in the Iridaceae in order Asparagales.
Liliales — Colchicaceae — Colchiceae — Colchicum
Genus Colchicum Colchicum N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.

1753. Colchicum autumnale  L.
1768. Colchicum commune  Neck.
1813. Bulbocodium autumnale  (L.) Lapeyr.
Autumn crocus,
Common autumn-crocus,
Meadow-saffron
Introduced,
N.Y. excluded
NYFA: 0 counties
iNat: 8 counties
NYFA-Excluded
iNat

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Family Smilacaceae

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Members he Smilacaceae (greenbrier or catbrier family) have leaves that are not typical of most monocots, in that their veins are reticulate (net-like) between major veins. Smilax is the only genus of this family found in the wild in New York State.[1]
  1. Smilacaceae Troy Weldy & David Werier (2013) New York Flora Atlas. New York Flora Association, Albany, New York.

Smilax

[edit | edit source]
Smilax tamnoides (bristly greenbriar) flowers
Bristly greenbriar may have comprised the briar patch into which Brer Rabbit begged Brer Fox not to throw him.[1]
Liliales — Smilacaceae — Smilax
Genus Smilax Greenbrier N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.

1753. Smilax herbacea  L.
1850. Coprosmanthus herbaceous  (L.) Kunth
1903. Nemexia herbacea  (L.) Small
Carrion-flower,
Jacob’s-ladder,
Smooth carrionflower,
Smooth herbaceous
  greenbrier
Smilax herbacé
Native, CoC: 5,
Secure

FAC

Perennial,
Herb-vine

NYFA: 5

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 L.

1753. Smilax tamnoides  L.
1840. Smilax hispida  Raf.
1843. Smilax hispida  Muhl. ex Torr. (nom. illeg.)
1843. Smilax grandifolia Buckley
1933. Smilax hispida  var. australis  J.B.Norton
1936. Smilax regelii  Killip & C.V.Morton
1944. Smilax tamnoides  var. hispida  (Muhl. ex Torr.) Fernald in…
1944. Smilax hispida  var. montana  Coker in…
Bristly greenbrier,
China-root,
Hispid greenbriar,
Halberdleaf greenbriar
Smilax hispide
Native, CoC: 6,
Secure

FAC

Perennial,
Herb-vine

NYFA: 5

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 L.

1753. Smilax rotundifolia L.
1753. Smilax caduca L.
1806. Smilax quadrangularis
1847. Smilax rotundifolia  var. quadrangularis  (Muhl. ex Willd.) Alph.Wood
Roundleaf greenbrier,
Common greenbrier,
Common catbrier,
Horse-brier,
Bull-brier
Smilax à feuilles rondes
Native, CoC: 4,
Secure

Perennial,
Vine

NYFA: 5

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 Walter

1788. Smilax glauca  Walter
1918. Smilax glauca  var. leurophylla  S.F.Blake
White-leaved greenbrier,
Glaucous-leaved greenbrier,
Wild sarsaparilla,
Sawbrier,
Catbrier,
Cat greenbrier
Native, CoC: 6,
Secure

Perennial,
Vine

NYFA: 5

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L.

1753. Smilax pseudo china  L.
1788. Smilax inermis  Walter
1803. Smilax tamnifolia  Michx.
1850. Coprosmanthus tamnifolius (Michx.) Kunth
1903. Nemexia tamnifolia  (Michx.) Small
1916. Smilax leptanthera  Pennell
Coastal carrion-flower,
Bamboo vine,
False China-root
Native, CoC: 10,
Endangered,
NYNHP: 1[1]

FAC

Perennial,
Herb-vine

NYFA: 1

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Michx.

1803. Smilax pulverulenta Michx.
1856. Smilax herbacea  var. pulverulenta  (Michx.) A.Gray
Powdery carrion-flower,
Downy carrion-flower,
Jacob's-ladder
Native, CoC: 10,
Endangered,
NYNHP: 1[2]

FACU

Perennial,
Herb-vine

NYFA: 1

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Hook.

1840. Smilax lasioneura  Hook.
1850. Coprosmanthus lasioneuron  (Hook.) Kunth
1878. Smilax herbacea  var. lasioneura  (Hook.) A.DC.
1905. Nemexia lasioneura  (Hook.) Rydb.
Midwestern carrion-flower,
Blue Ridge carrion-flower,
Hairy-nerved carrionflower,
Common carrionflower
Smilax à nervures
  pubescentes
Native, CoC: 10,
No recent reports

FAC

Perennial,
Herb-vine

NYFA: H?

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Family Liliaceae

[edit | edit source]
The Liliaceae (lily family).[1]
  1. Liliaceae Troy Weldy & David Werier (2013) New York Flora Atlas. New York Flora Association, Albany, New York.

Subfamily Streptopoideae

[edit | edit source]
The subfamily Streptopoideae Reveal (syn. Scoliopaceae Takhtajan) contains Streptopus, Scoliopus and Prosartes. [1]
Streptopus
[edit | edit source]
Streptopus lanceolatus
rose twisted-stalk
Two species of twisted-stalk (Streptopus) are found in New York. Rose twisted-stalk (S. lanceolatus) has sessile leaves that are not clasping, while white twisted-stalk (S. amplexifolius) has clasping leaves. The hybrid of these two species (Streptopus × oreopolus) was collected in Madison County in 2021.[1][2]
Liliales — Liliaceae — Calochortoideae — Streptopus
Genus StreptopusMichx. 1803 Twisted stalk N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (Aiton) Reveal

1789. Uvularia lanceolata  Aiton
1803. Streptopus roseus  Michx.
1901. Streptopus curvipes  Vail
1906. Streptopus longipes  Fernald
1993. Streptopus lanceolatus  Reveal
Rose twisted-stalk,
Rosy twisted-stalk,
Rose mandarin,
Rosybells,
Lance-leaved twistedstalk,
Sessile-leaved twistedstalk,
Simple-stemmed twistedstalk
Streptope rose
Native,
Secure

NYFA: 5

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 (L.) DC.

1753. Uvularia amplexifolia  L.
1805. Streptopus amplexifolius  DC.
1906. Convallaria amplexifolia  E.H.L.Krause
1933. Tortipes amplexifolius  Small
White twisted-stalk,
White mandarin,
Claspleaf twistedstalk,
Clasping-leaved twistedstalk,
Liverberry
Native,
Likely secure

NYFA: 4

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 Fernald

Streptopus amplexifolius ×
Streptopus lanceolatus

1906. Streptopus oreopolus  Fernald
1935. Streptopus amplexifolius  var. oreopolus  Fassett
Mountain-dwelling twisted stalk,
Twisted stalk hybrid,
Mandarin
Native,
Unranked

NYFA: U
NYFA: Madison (2021)
Madison (2021)

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Prosartes
[edit | edit source]
Prosartes lanuginosa
hairy mandarin
Fairy bells (genus Prosartes) includes six North American species. Of these, only Prosartes lanuginosa is native to New York State.
Liliales — Liliaceae — Calochortoideae — Prosartes
Genus Prosartes Fairy bells N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (Michx.) D.Don

1803. Streptopus lanuginosus  Michx.
1839. Prosartes lanuginosa  (Michx.) D.Don
1884. Disporum lanuginosum  (Michx.) G. Nicholson
Hairy mandarin,
Yellow fairybells,
Yellow mandarin,
Hairy Disporum
Native,
Likely secure

NYFA: 4?

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Genus Prosartes(cultivated taxa) Fairy bells N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (Buckley) A.Gray

1843. Streptopus maculatus  Buckley
1844. Prosartes maculata  A.Gray
1888. Disporum maculatum  Britton
1923. Disporum cahnae  Farwell
1935. Disporum schaffneri  Moldenke
Yellow mandarin,
Nodding mandarin,
Spotted mandarin
Introduced,
N. America native,
Not naturalized

NYFA: cult.
NYFA: Not listed
No observations

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Subfamily Medeoloideae

[edit | edit source]
Medeola
[edit | edit source]
Medeola virginiana
Indian-cucumber (genus Medeola) is now treated as containing the single eastern North American species Medeola virginiana.
Liliales — Liliaceae — Medeoloideae — Medeola
Genus Medeola Indian cucumber N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.

1753. Medeola virginiana  L.
Indian cucumber-root,
Indian cucumber
Médéole de Virginie,
Concombre sauvage,
Jarnotte
Native, CoC: 7,
Secure,
S5, G5

FACU-FAC

Perennial,
Herb-forb

NYFA: 5

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Clintonia
[edit | edit source]
Clintonia borealis

Liliales — Liliaceae — Medeoloideae — Clintonia
Genus Clintonia Blue bead N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (Aiton) Raf.

1789. Dracaena borealis Aiton
1811. Smilacina borealis (Aiton) Ker Gawl.
1817. Convallaria borealis (Aiton) Poir.
1832. Clintonia borealis (Aiton) Raf.
1843. Clintonia borealis (Aiton) Raf. ex Torr.
Bluebead,
Yellow blue-bead lily,
Yellow clintonia,
Corn-lily, Clinton lily,
Dogberry
Clintonie boréale,
Lis-boréal
Native,
Secure

FAC

Perennial,
Herb-forb

NYFA: 5

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 (Michx.) Morong

1803. Convallaria umbellulata  Michx.
1894. Clintonia umbellulata  (Michx.) Morong
1931. Clintonia alleghaniensis Harned
1933. Xeniatrum umbellulatum  (Michx.) Small
White clintonia
Speckled wood-lily
Speckle wood-lily
Clinton's lily
Native, CoC: 8,
Rare,
S2, G5
5 counties
NYFA: 3
iNat

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Subfamily Lilioideae

[edit | edit source]

Tribe Tulipeae

[edit | edit source]
Tulipa
[edit | edit source]
Tulipa sylvestris

Liliales — Liliaceae — Lilioideae — Tulipeae — Tulipa
Genus Tulipa Tulip N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.

1753. Tulipa sylvestris  L.
1837. Liriopogon sylvestre  (L.) Raf.
Tulip
Wild tulip
Introduced from
 Eurasia,
 n. Africa,
Not naturalized,
 USGS: L48 established,
SNA

Perennial,
Herb-forb
Cayuga (1961)
NYFA: X
GBIF

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Tribe Lilieae

[edit | edit source]
The lilies (Lilieae), as circumscribed here, contain the trout lilies and the "true" lilies.
Erythronium
[edit | edit source]
Erythronium americanum
Of the about 24 Erythronium trout lily species native to North America, only Erythronium albidum and Erythronium americanum are found in New York.

The European Erythronium dens-canis is being tracked in New York, New Jersey, and Vermont,[1] and is occasionally cultivated. Specimens of Erythronium dens-canis exist from Richmond County Courthouse[2] and Coffin Woods Preserve in the Town of Oyster Bay (Long Island).[3]


Liliales — Liliaceae — Lilioideae — Lilieae — Erythronium
Genus Erythronium Fawn lily N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 Ker Gawl.
ssp. americanum

1808. Erythronium americanum  Ker Gawl.
American trout-lily,
Yellow trout-lily,
Dogtooth violet
Native, CoC: 5,
Secure

UPL

Perennial,
Herb-forb,
Myrmecochore

NYFA: 5

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 Nutt.

1818. Erythronium albidum  Nutt.
White trout-lily,
White fawnlily
Native, CoC: 6,
Likely secure

FACU

Perennial,
Herb-forb,
Myrmecochore

NYFA: 4

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L.

1753. Erythronium dens-canis  L.
European trout lily
Introduced from
 Europe,
Potentially invasive,
iMapInvasives,
 USGS: L48 established

NYFA: not listed
iNat
GBIF
Nassau (2016)

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Lilium
[edit | edit source]
Lilium canadense
"True" lilies are those of the genus Lilium and don't include daylilies, lilies of the valley, or other species with "lily" in their common names.
Liliales — Liliaceae — Lilioideae — Lilieae — Lilium
Genus Lilium Lily N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.

1753. Lilium canadense L.
1796. Lilium pulchrum  Salisb.
1805. Lilium penduliflorum  Redouté
1813. Lilium canadense  var. coccineum  Pursh
1813. Lilium canadense  var. flavum  Pursh
1847. Lilium pendulum  Spae
1871. Lilium canadense  var. hartwegii  Baker
1875. Lilium canadense  var. rubroflavum  T.Moore
1875. Lilium canadense  var. rubrum  T.Moore
1890. Lilium canadense  f. rubrum  Britton
1915. Lilium peramoenum  Farw.
1935. Lilium michiganense  f. peramoenum  (Farw.) Stoker
1943. Lilium canadense  var. editorum  Fernald
1947. Lilium philadelphicum  ssp. editorum  (Fernald) Wherry
1956. Lilium canadense  f. peramoenum  (Farw.) B.Boivin & Cody
Canada lily,
Canadian lily,
Wild yellow lily,
Yellow bell lily,
Red Canada lily
Lis du Canada
Native, CoC: 6,
Secure

FAC

Perennial,
Herb-forb,
Sun

NYFA: 5
GBIF

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 L.

1762. Lilium philadelphicum L.
1813. Lilium andinum  Nutt. nom. nud.
1813. Lilium umbellatum  Pursh
1822. Lilium philadelphicum  var. andinum  Ker Gawl.
1895. Lilium philadelphicum  f. andinum  (Ker Gawl.) Voss
1981. Lilium philadelphicum  ssp. umbellatum  (Pursh) Á.Löve & D.Löve
Wood lily,
Philadelphia lily
Lis de Philadelphie
Native, CoC: 8,
Likely secure

NYFA: 4

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 L.

1762. Lilium superbum  L.
1871. Lilium canadense  ssp. superbum  (L.) Baker
Turk’s-cap lily Native, CoC: 6,
Likely secure

NYFA: 4

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 Farw.

1915. Lilium michiganense  Farw.
1915. Lilium michiganense  var. uniflorum  Farw.
1956. Lilium canadense  ssp. michiganense  (Farw.) B.Boivin & Cody
1947. Lilium canadense  f. umbelliferum  (Farw.) Wherry
1967. Lilium canadense  var. umbelliferum  (Farw.) B.Boivin
Michigan lily
Lis du Michigan
Native, CoC: 7,
Endangered

FACW

Perennial,
Herb-forb

NYFA: 1

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Lilium canadense × michiganense

Lilium canadense ×
Lilium michiganense

Hybrid of
 Canada lily &
 Michigan lily
Hybride de
 Lis du Canada et de
 Lis du Michigan
Native,
Unranked

NYFA: U

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Thunb.

1794. Lilium lancifolium  Thunb.
1809. Lilium tigrinum  Ker Gawl. (i)
Tiger lily,
Lance-leaved tiger lily
Lis tigré
Introduced from
 China

NYFA: X

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