Flora of New York/Lamiales 3

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	Table of contents	Genus index	Protected species index	Invasive species index

Family Mazaceae

The Mazaceae (mazus family) consists of the single genus Mazus.

Mazus

The 30 or so Mazus species are native to Asia and Australasia. Only two of these have been reported outside of cultivation in New York.

Lamiales — Mazaceae — Mazus
Genus Mazus Lour.	Mazus	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	2 NPT
Mazus miquelii Makino 1865. Vandellia japonica Miq. 1902. Mazus miquelii Makino 1914. Mazus reptans N.E.Br.	Miquel's mazus, Creeping mazus	Introduced from Asia		NYFA: X	USDA-X0 Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos Images Wikispecies
Mazus pumilus (Burm.f.) Steenis 1768. Lobelia pumila Burm.f. 1784. Lindernia japonica Thunb. 1891. M. japonicus (Thunb.) Kuntze 1958. M. pumilus (Burm.f.) Steenis	Japanese mazus	Introduced from Asia		NYFA: X	USDA-X0 ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies

Family Phrymaceae

The Phrymaceae (lopseed family)...

Tribe Mimuleae

Mimulus

Mimulus contains two native New York species: the common Allegheny monkey-flower and uncommon winged monkey-flower.

Lamiales — Phrymaceae — Mimuleae — Mimulus
Genus Mimulus	Monkey flower	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Mimulus ringens L. 1753. Mimulus ringens L.	Allegheny monkey-flower ⓘ Allegheny monkeyflower Square-stemmed monkey-flower ⓘ Squarestem monkeyflower Blue monkeyflower ⓘ	Native, Secure		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN Go Botany Images Wikispecies
Mimulus alatus Aiton 1789. Mimulus alatus Aiton	Winged monkey flower ⓘ Winged monkey-flower ⓘ Sharpwing monkeyflower ⓘ Sharp-winged monkey-flower ⓘ	Native, Rare		NYFA: 3	USDA-NN Go Botany Tropicos Images Wikispecies

Erythranthe

Lamiales — Phrymaceae — Mimuleae — Erythranthe
Genus Erythranthe Spach (1840)	Monkey flower	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Erythranthe moschata (Douglas ex Lindl.) G.L. Nesom 1828. Mimulus moschatus Douglas ex Lindl. 2012. Erythranthe moschata (Douglas ex Lindl.) G.L. Nesom	Musk-flower Muskflower Musk-plant Musky monkey-flower	Introduced, N. America native		NYFA: X	USDA-NN Go Botany Images Wikispecies
Erythranthe guttata (Fisch. ex DC.) G.L. Nesom 1813. Mimulus guttatus DC. 1895. Mimulus langsdorffii Donn ex Greene 2012. Erythranthe guttata (Fisch. ex DC.) G.L. Nesom	Yellow monkey flower Seep monkey-flower Seep monkeyflower	Introduced, Western native		NYFA:	USDA-NN Go Botany Images Wikispecies

Glossostigma

Lamiales — Phrymaceae — Mimuleae — Glossostigma
Genus Glossostigma	Mudmat	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Glossostigma cleistanthum W.R.Barker ~~1891~~. G. diandrum auct. non. Kuntze 1992. G. cleistanthum W.R.Barker	Mudmats, Mud-mat, Mud mat	Introduced from Australia, Potentially invasive, NYIS: 35%^[1]		NYFA: 0	USDA-X0 Go Botany ITIS Tropicos Images Wikispecies
↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Glossostigma cleistanthum: Potential (35). M.J.Jordan, G.Moore & T.W.Weldy (2008). Invasiveness ranking system for non-native plants of New York. Unpublished. The Nature Conservancy, Albany & Cold Spring Harbor, NY; Brooklyn Botanic Garden, Brooklyn, NY.

Tribe Phrymeae

Phryma

The genus Phryma contains one or two species of lopseed, depending on whether the Asian and North American populations are considered to be distinct. If categorized as separate taxa, the Asian plants are Phryma oblongifolia Koidz. or Phryma leptostachya var. oblongifolia (Koidz.) Honda, while the North American plants are Phryma leptostachya or Phryma leptostachya var. leptostachya.

As of 2024, POWO lists three species of Phyrma: Phryma leptostachya in North America, Phryma nana in eastern Asia, and Phryma oblongifolia in Japan only.^[1]

↑ POWO (2024). "Plants of the World Online. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew."

Lamiales — Phrymaceae — Phrymeae
Genus Phryma	Lopseed	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Phryma leptostachya L. 1753. Phryma leptostachya L. 1935. P. leptostachya var. confertifolia Fernald	Lopseed, American lopseed	Native, Secure		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN Tropicos LBJ Images Wikispecies

Family Paulowniaceae

The Paulowniaceae (princesstree or foxglove tree family) is represented by a single species growing outside of cultivation in New York.

Paulownia

Princesstree (Paulownia tomentosa) is ranked as moderately invasive in New York State and placed in Tier 2 in the Finger Lakes and Catskills, Tier 3 in the Lower Hudson Valley, and Tier 5 on Long Island.

Lamiales — Paulowniaceae — Paulownia
Genus Paulownia	Paulownia	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Paulownia tomentosa (Thunb.) Siebold & Zucc. ex Steud. 1784. Bignonia tomentosa Thunb. 1835. Paulownia imperialis Siebold & Zucc. 1841. Paulownia tomentosa Siebold & Zucc. ex Steud.	Princesstree, Royal paulownia, Empress tree, Foxglove tree	Introduced from Asia, Moderately invasive, NYIS: 51%^[1] UPL-FACU Perennial, Tree		NYFA: X NYFA: , 12 counties ? counties	USDA-X Go Botany ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies
↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Paulownia tomentosa: Moderate (51). M.J.Jordan, G.Moore & T.W.Weldy (2008). Invasiveness ranking system for non-native plants of New York. Unpublished. The Nature Conservancy, Albany & Cold Spring Harbor, NY; Brooklyn Botanic Garden, Brooklyn, NY.

Family Orobanchaceae

The subfamilial classification used here for the Orobanchaceae (broomrape family) is based in part on McNeal, et. al. (2013) "Pylogeny and Origins of Holoparasitism in Orobanchaceae" American Journal of Botany 100(5): 971–983. 2013.

Tribe Pedicularideae

Castilleja

Lamiales — Orobanchaceae — Rhinanthoideae — Castillejeae — Castilleja
Genus Castilleja	Indian paintbrush	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Castilleja coccinea (L.) Spreng. 1753. Bartsia coccinea L. 1825. Castilleja coccinea (L.) Spreng. 1935. Castilleja ludoviciana Pennell	Indian paintbrush ⓘ Scarlet paintbrush ⓘ Scarlet Indian paintbrush ⓘ	Native, Endangered		NYFA: 1	USDA-N ARS-GRIN Tropicos Images Wikispecies

Orthocarpus

Lamiales — Orobanchaceae — Rhinanthoideae — Castillejeae — Castilleja
Genus Orthocarpus	Owl's-clover	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Orthocarpus bracteosus Benth.	Rosy owl's-clover	Introduced, Impersistent		NYFA: X	USDA-NN Images Wikispecies

Aureolaria

Lamiales — Orobanchaceae — Orobanchoideae — Gerardieae — Aureolaria
Genus Aureolaria	False-foxglove	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Aureolaria virginica (L.) Pennell	Downy false-foxglove, Downy yellow false foxglove	Native, Secure		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN Go Botany ITIS Images Wikispecies
Aureolaria flava var. flava	Smooth yellow false foxglove	Native, Secure		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN Go Botany Images Wikispecies
Aureolaria pedicularia	Fern-leaved yellow false foxglove	Native, Likely secure		NYFA: 4	USDA-NN Go Botany Images Wikispecies
Aureolaria flava var. macrantha	Smooth yellow false foxglove	Native, Endangered		NYFA: 1	Go Botany Images Wikispecies

Agalinis

Lamiales — Orobanchaceae — Orobanchoideae — Gerardieae — Agalinis
Genus Agalinis	False-foxglove	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Agalinis tenuifolia	Slender false-foxglove	Native, CoC: 4, Secure FACW-FAC Annual, Herb-forb		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN Go Botany LBJ Images Wikispecies
Agalinis setacea	Thread-leaved gerardia	Native, CoC: 10, Likely secure		NYFA: X	USDA-N0 Go Botany-0 Images Wikispecies
Agalinis purpurea	Purple false foxglove	Native, Vulnerable		NYFA: 3-4	Images Wikispecies
Agalinis paupercula (A. Gray) Britton Agalinis paupercula (A. Gray) Britton Agalinis paupercula var. borealis Pennell Gerardia paupercula (A. Gray) Britton Gerardia paupercula var. borealis (Pennell) Deam Gerardia purpurea var. parviflora Benth.	Small-flowered agalinis ⓘ Small-flowered false foxglove	Native, CoC: 7, Vulnerable, S3, G5-T5 OBL-FACW Annual, Herb-forb		NYFA: 3?	Images Wikispecies
Agalinis maritima var. maritima	Seaside agalinis Salt-marsh false-foxglove	Native, CoC: 9, Threatened, S2-3 FACW Annual, Herb-forb		NYFA: 2-3	Images Wikispecies
Agalinis decemloba (Greene) Pennell 1899. Gerardia decemloba Greene 1913. Agalinis decemloba (Greene) Pennell 1915. Agalinis acuta Pennell 1935. Gerardia acuta (Pennell) Pennell	Sandplain gerardia Sandplain agalinis Sandplain false foxglove Blue Ridge false foxglove	Native, CoC: 8, Endangered, Endangered (US Fed.), S1, G3, NYNHP: 1^[1]^[2]		Nassau (1896-1991), Suffolk (1868-1990) NYFA: 1	USDA-N Tropicos NatureServe Images Wikispecies
Genus Agalinis (excluded taxa)	False-foxglove	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Agalinis fasciculata	Fascicled false-foxglove	Native, N.Y. excluded		excluded NYFA-Excluded	Images Wikispecies
↑ Stephen M. Young (2020). New York Rare Plant Status Lists. New York Natural Heritage Program. ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2021. Online Conservation Guide for Agalinis decemloba. Accessed September 1, 2021.

Pedicularis

There are two hemiparasitic Pedicularis (lousewort) species found in New York.

Lamiales — Orobanchaceae — Rhinanthoideae — Pedicularideae
Genus Pedicularis	Lousewort	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Pedicularis canadensis L.	Wood betony ⓘ Eastern lousewort ⓘ Canadian lousewort ⓘ Forest lousewort ⓘ Betony ⓘ	Native, Secure		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN Go Botany Images Wikispecies
Pedicularis lanceolata Michx.	Swamp lousewort	Native, Threatened		NYFA: 2	USDA-NN Go Botany Images Wikispecies

Tribe Buchnereae

Buchnera

Lamiales — Orobanchaceae — Orobanchoideae — Buchnereae
Genus Buchnera	Bluehearts	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Buchnera americana	American bluehearts, Bupleurum	Native, Endangered, No recent reports		NYFA: Z	USDA-N Images Wikispecies

Tribe Rhinantheae

Melampyrum

Lamiales — Orobanchaceae — Rhinanthoideae — Rhinantheae
Genus Melampyrum	Cow-wheat	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	3 NPT
Melampyrum lineare Desr.	Cow-wheat	Native, CoC: 7, Secure FACU Annual, Herb-forb		NYFA: U	USDA-NN Go Botany Images Wikispecies

Rhinanthus

Lamiales — Orobanchaceae — Rhinanthoideae — Rhinantheae
Genus Rhinanthus	Yellow rattle	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Rhinanthus alectorolophus (Scop.) Pollich (1777)	European yellow rattle	Introduced, N. America native		NYFA: X	USDA-X0 Images Wikispecies
Rhinanthus minor	Little yellow rattle	Introduced, N. America native		NYFA: X	Images Wikispecies

Euphrasia

Eyebright (Euphrasia species)

Lamiales — Orobanchaceae — Rhinanthoideae — Rhinantheae — Euphrasia
Genus Euphrasia	Eyebright	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Euphrasia stricta J.P.Wolff ex J.F.Lehm. 1753. Euphrasia officinalis L. misapplied 1809. Euphrasia stricta J.P.Wolff ex J.F.Lehm. 1852. Euphrasia condensata Jord. 1930. Euphrasia × brevipila var. reayensis Pugsley 2009. Euphrasia reayensis (Pugsley) P.D.Sell	Upright eyebright ⓘ Drug eyebright ⓘ Strict eyebright ⓘ	Introduced from Europe, northern Asia, Naturalized, USGS: L48 established		NYFA: X NYFA: 8 counties iNat GBIF 8 counties	USDA-XX COL POWO Go Botany Tropicos Images Wikispecies
Euphrasia nemorosa (Pers.) Wallr. 1806. Euphrasia officinalis ssp. nemorosa Pers. 1815. Euphrasia nemorosa (Pers.) Wallr.	Common eyebright ⓘ	Introduced from Europe		NYFA: not listed iNat Essex (2021)	Go Botany Images Wikispecies

Odontites

Red bartsia

Lamiales — Orobanchaceae — Rhinanthoideae — Rhinantheae — Odontites
Genus Odontites	Odontites	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Odontites vernus (Bellardi) Dumort. ssp. serotinus	Red bartsia	Introduced		NYFA: X	USDA-XX Images Wikispecies

Tribe Orobancheae

Epifagus

Beechdrops (Epifagus virginiana) parasitize the roots of Fagus grandifolia (the American beech tree). Beechdrops do not appear to do significant harm to beech trees nor to a have a direct relation to the occurrence of beech bark disease.

Lamiales — Orobanchaceae — Orobanchoideae — Orobancheae — Epifagus
Genus Epifagus Nutt.	Beech drops	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Epifagus virginiana (L.) W.P.C. Barton	Beechdrops, Beech drops, Beech-drops	Native, Secure		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN Go Botany Images Wikispecies

Conopholis

Oakdrops or American cancer-root (Conopholis americana) is an achlorophyllous plant that parasitizes the roots of various oak (Quercus) species.

Lamiales — Orobanchaceae — Orobanchoideae — Orobancheae — Conopholis
Genus Conopholis	Cancer root	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Conopholis americana (L.) Wallr. 1767. Orobanche americana L. 1825. Conopholis americana (L.) Wallr.	Oak-drops ⓘ American cancer-root ⓘ American squaw-root ⓘ Squawroot ⓘ Squaw root ⓘ	Native, Likely secure		NYFA: 4	USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN Tropicos Images Wikispecies

Orobanche

Broomrape (Orobanche) species are small holoparasitic plants. Both species found in New York are generalists that can feed off the root systems of a number of different plants.

Lamiales — Orobanchaceae — Orobanchoideae — Orobancheae — Orobanche
Genus Orobanche	Broom rape	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Orobanche uniflora	One-flowered broomrape	Native, Likely secure		NYFA: 4	USDA-NN Go Botany Images Wikispecies
Orobanche minor	Small broomrape, Clover broomrape, Hellroot	Introduced		NYFA: X	USDA-X0 Go Botany Images Wikispecies

Tribe Cymbarieae

Schwalbea

Schwalbea americana (chaffseed) has been listed as federally endangered since 1992.^[1] Chaffseed is listed as extirpated in New York.^[2]

Lamiales — Orobanchaceae — Orobanchoideae — Cymbarieae
Genus Schwalbea	Chaff seed	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Schwalbea americana L. 1753. Schwalbea americana L.	Chaffseed ⓘ Chaff-seed American chaffseed ⓘ	Native, CoC: 10, Likely extirpated FACU Perennial, Herb-forb		NYFA: Z	USDA-N0 Go Botany ARS-GRIN Tropicos FWS Images Wikispecies

Family Verbenaceae

The Verbenaceae (vervain family) ...

Tribe Verbeneae

Verbena

The Verbena (Vervain) classification used here is from Nesom (2010), which divides Verbena s.s. into three sections: sect. Verbena, sect. Amphepeiros, and sect. Verbenaca.^[1] Seven of the eight listed New York Verbena species (plus their hybrids) are in sect. Verbena

↑ Guy L. Nesom (2010). "Infrageneric classification of Verbena (Verbenaceae)." Phytoneuron 2010-11: 1–15.

Verbena sect. Verbena

Lamiales — Verbenaceae — Verbeneae — Verbena sect. Verbena
Genus Verbena sect. Verbena ser. Candelabrae	Vervain	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Verbena hastata L. 1753. Verbena hastata L. 1818. Verbena hastatavar. hastata 1963. Verbena hastatavar. scabra	Blue vervain, Swamp verbena, Simpler's-joy, American blue vervain, Wild hyssop Verveine hastée, Verveine scabre	Native, CoC: 3, Secure, S5 FACW Biennial, perennial, Herb-forb, Heliophily: 8 Sun, part shade		NYFA: 55 counties	USDA-NN FSUS Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos LBJ Images Wikispecies
Verbena stricta Vent. 1800. Verbena stricta Vent.	Hoary verbena, Hoary vervain	Introduced from central North America, N. America native Biennial, perennial, Herb-forb		NYFA: X	USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies
Verbena × blanchardii Moldenke Verbena hastata × Verbena stricta 1937. Verbena × blanchardii Moldenke	Blanchard’s vervain ⓘ	Introduced, N. America native, Not naturalized, Tompkins only		NYFA: Xm NYFA: Tompkins (1932) No obervations	USDA-N0 Images Wikispecies
Genus Verbena sect. Verbena ser. Leptostachyae	Vervain	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Verbena urticifolia L. 1753. Verbena urticaefolia L. 1924. V. urticifoliavar. urticifolia 1936. V. leiocarpavar. urticifolia	White vervain, Nettle-leaf vervain, Burvine Verveine blanche	Native, CoC: 2, Secure FAC Perennial, Herb-forb		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN Tropicos Images Wikispecies
Verbena × engelmannii Moldenke Verbena hastata × Verbena urticifolia Verbena × engelmannii Moldenke Verbena hastata var. oblongifolia Nutt.	Engelmann’s vervain ⓘ	Native, Unranked, SNA, GNA FAC Perennial, Herb-forb		Bronx, Delaware, Dutchess, Monroe, Nassau, Tompkins (1915), Ulster NYFA: 1?	USDA-NN Images Wikispecies
Genus Verbena sect. Verbena ser. Simplices	Vervain	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Verbena simplex Lehm. 1803. Verbena angustifolia Michx. non Miller 1768 1825. Verbena simplex Lehm.	Narrowleaf vervain, Narrow-leaf vervain, Narrow-leaved vervain	Native, CoC: 9, Likely secure		NYFA: 4	USDA-NN Images Wikispecies
Genus Verbena sect. Verbena ser. Bracteatae	Vervain	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Verbena bracteata	Prostrate vervain, Bigbract verbena	Introduced, N. America native		NYFA: X	USDA-NN Images Wikispecies
Verbena × perriana Moldenke Verbena bracteata × Verbena urticifolia	Hybrid vervain	Introduced, N. America native, Naturalized, SNA, GNA Perennial, Herb-forb		Rockland (1994) NYFA: U	USDA-NN Images Wikispecies
Genus Verbena sect. Verbena ser. Plicatae	Vervain	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Verbena lasiostachys	Western vervain	Introduced from west coast, N. America native, Not naturalized, SNA, G5 FAC Perennial, Herb-forb		Kings NYFA: X	Images Wikispecies
Genus Verbena sect. Verbena ser. Verbena	Vervain	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Verbena officinalis	European vervain	Introduced from Europe, Not naturalized, SNA, GNR FACU Annual, Herb-forb		Bronx, Kings, Queens, Schenectady, Suffolk NYFA: X	USDA-X0 Images Wikispecies

Verbena sect. Verbenaca

Purple-topped vervain (Verbena bonariensis) has been introduced from South America as a horticultural plant. It is listed as naturalized in the New York Flora Atlas, with vouchered specimens from Bronx and Suffolk Counties. The 2009 invasiveness ranking assessment determined that this species wouldn't be hardy enough to truly naturalize and become invasive in New York State.^[1] It is however listed as invasive in California, Georgia, and Oregon.^[2]

Lamiales — Verbenaceae — Verbeneae — Verbena sect. Verbenaca
Genus Verbena sect. Verbenaca ser. Pachystachyae	Vervain	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Verbena bonariensis L. 1753. Verbena bonariensis L. 1904. Verbena bonariensis var. conglomerata Briq.	Purpletop vervain, Purple-topped vervain, Argentine vervain, South American vervain	Introduced from South America, Potentially invasive, NYIS: NA^[1] FACU-FAC Biennial, Herb-subshrub		Bronx, Suffolk NYFA: X	USDA-X Go Botany ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies
↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Verbena bonariensis: NA (none).

Tribe Lantaneae

Phyla

Lamiales — Verbenaceae — Lantaneae — Phyla
Genus Phyla	Fogfruit	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Phyla lanceolata (Michx.) Greene Phyla lanceolata Lippia lanceolata	Northern bog-fruit, Lanceleaf fogfruit, Frogfruit	Introduced, N. America native FACW-OBL Perennial, Herb-forb, vine		NYFA: X	USDA-NN Images Wikispecies

Family Pedaliaceae

Subfamily Pedalioideae

Tribe Sesameae

Lamiales — Pedaliaceae — Pedalioideae — Sesameae
Genus Sesamum	Sesame	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Sesamum indicum L. (1753)	Sesame, Sésame	Introduced, Impersistent		NYFA: Xm	USDA-X0 Images Wikispecies

Family Martyniaceae

Lamiales — Martyniaceae
Genus Proboscidea	Unicorn plant	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Proboscidea louisianica ssp. louisianica	Devil's-claw, Ram's horn	Introduced, N. America native		NYFA: X	USDA-NX Images Wikispecies

Family Linderniaceae

The Linderniaceae ...

Tribe Lindernieae

Lindernia

Lamiales — Linderniaceae — Lindernieae — Lindernia
Genus Lindernia	False pimpernel	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Lindernia dubia (L.) Pennell var. dubia Ilysanthes attenuata Ilysanthes dubia auct. L. procumbens non Borb.	Short-stalked false pimpernel, Yellowseed false pimpernel, Yellow-seeded false pimpernel	Native, CoC: 6, Secure Biennial, Herb-forb		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN Go Botany ITIS Images Wikispecies
Lindernia dubia (L.) Pennell var. anagallidea (Michx.) Cooperr. Ilysanthes anagallidea Ilysanthes inequalis Lindernia anagallidea	Long-stalked false pimpernel, Yellowseed false pimpernel, Yellow-seeded false pimpernel	Native, CoC: 10, Secure Biennial, Herb-forb		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN Go Botany LBJ Images Wikispecies
Genus Lindernia (excluded taxa)	False pimpernel	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Lindernia procumbens (Krock.) Philcox 1753. Lindernia pyxidaria L. 1790. Anagalloides procumbens Krock. 1965. L. procumbens (Krock.) Philcox	Prostrate false pimpernel	Introduced from Eurasia, N.Y. excluded		NYFA-Excluded	USDA-X0 BONAP Images Wikispecies

Micranthemum

Lamiales — Linderniaceae — Lindernieae — Micranthemum
Genus Micranthemum	Mud flower	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	n NPT
Micranthemum micranthemoides (Nutt.) Wettst. 1817. Hemianthus micranthemoides Nutt. 1867. Micranthemum nuttallii A. Gray 1891. Globifera micranthemoides (Nutt.) Kuntze 1891. M. micranthemoides (Nutt.) Wettst.	Nuttall's micranthemum, Nuttall's mudflower, Nuttall's mudwort	Native, CoC: 10, Likely extirpated, Impersistent OBL Annual, Herb-forb		NYFA: Z	USDA-N0 ITIS Tropicos BONAP IPN Images Wikispecies

Family Bignoniaceae

The Bignoniaceae (bignonia family)...

Tribe Tecomeae

Campsis

Trumpet-creeper is probably native to Pennsylvania and New Jersey and southward to the Gulf of Mexico. It may be considered somewhat invasive outside its native range.

Lamiales — Bignoniaceae — Tecomeae — Campsis
Genus Campsis	Campsis	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Campsis radicans (L.) Seem. ex Bureau 1753. Bignonia radicans L. Tecoma radicans (L.) Juss. 1867. Campsis radicans	Trumpet-creeper Trumpet vine Common Trumpet Creeper Cow Vine Foxglove Vine Hellvine Devil's Shoestring	Introduced from southern US, Potentially invasive, N. America native FAC Perennial, Vine		NYFA: 16 counties NYFA: X	USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS NatureServe BONAP LBJ Images Wikispecies

Tribe Catalpeae

Catalpa

Southern catalpa (C. bignonioides) and northern caltapa (C. speciosa) are U.S. natives, but not as far north and east as New York State, where they are cultivated and somewhat adventive in suitable locations.

Lamiales — Bignoniaceae — Catalpeae — Catalpa
Genus Catalpa	Catalpa	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Catalpa bignonioides Walter 1788. Catalpa bignonioides Walter 1807. Bignonia triloba T.Freeman & Custis 1882. C. catalpa (L.) H.Karst. (i)	Southern catalpa, Cigar tree, Indian-bean-tree, Catawba	Introduced from MS, AL, GA, FL, US South native		NYFA: X NYFA: 12 counties 7 counties	USDA-NX Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies
Catalpa speciosa (Warder) Warder ex Engelm. 1875. Catalpa speciosa (Warder) Warder ex Engelm.	Northern catalpa	Introduced from IL, IN, MO, KY, AR, TN, Midwest native		NYFA: X NYFA: 4 counties 29 counties	USDA-NX Go Botany ITIS NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies
Catalpa ovata G.Don (1837)	Chinese catalpa, Yellow catalpa	Introduced from Asia (parts of China), Naturalized		NYFA: X NYFA: xx counties xx counties	USDA- ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies

Family Acanthaceae

The Acanthaceae (acanthus family) primarily consists of tropical plants, with only a one or two species existing outside of cultivation in New York.

Subfamily Acanthoideae

Tribe Ruellieae

Ruellia

There are about 20 North American native Ruellia species, but none are known to truly naturalize in New York State. R. humilis (hairy wild petunia) is the only Ruellia species listed in the New York Flora Atlas.

Lamiales — Acanthaceae — Ruellieae — Ruellia
Genus Ruellia	Petunia	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Ruellia humilis Nutt. 1835. Ruellia humilis Nutt.	Hairy wild petunia Fringeleaf wild petunia Fringe-leaf wild petunia ⓘ Fringe-leaved wild petunia Wild petunia ⓘ	Introduced, Midwest native, Not naturalized		NYFA: X	USDA-N0 ARS-GRIN NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies

Tribe Justicieae

Justicia

Justicia (named after Scottish horticulturist James Justice) contains many evergreen shrubs known as water willows. About 25 of these are native to North America. The most widespread, and the only Justicia species hardy as far north as New York, is Justicia americana or American water-willow.

Lamiales — Acanthaceae — Justicieae — Justicia
Genus Justicia	Water-willow	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Justicia americana (L.) Vahl 1753. Dianthera americana L. 1791. Justicia americana Vahl 1913. J. umbratilis S.Moore 1942. J. mortuifluminis Fernald	American water-willow, Common water-willow, Spike justica Carmantine d'Amérique, Justicia d'Amérique	Native, Likely secure		NYFA: 4	USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ITIS Tropicos BONAP BBG Images Wikispecies

Family Lentibulariaceae

The Lentibulariaceae (bladderwort family) contains three genera of carnivorous plants, two of which, the butterworts and the bladderworts are represented in the wild in New York.

Pinguicula

Lamiales — Lentibulariaceae — Pinguicula
Genus Pinguicula	Butterwort	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Pinguicula vulgaris L. (1753)	Common butterwort	Native, Threatened		NYFA: 2	USDA-NN ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies

Utricularia

There are over 200 species of bladderworts (Utricularia) worldwide, all of which are carnivorous. There are 14 Utricularia species listed as native to New York State.

Utricularia subg. Bivalvaria

Lamiales — Lentibulariaceae — Utricularia subg. Bivalvaria
Genus Utricularia sect. Stomoisia	Bladderwort	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Utricularia cornuta Michx. (1803)	Horned bladderwort	Native, Secure		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN Go Botany Images Wikispecies
Utricularia juncea Vahl (1804)	Southern bladderwort	Native, Endangered		NYFA: 1	USDA-N0 Go Botany Images Wikispecies

Utricularia subg. Utricularia

Lamiales — Lentibulariaceae — Utricularia subg. Utricularia
Genus Utricularia sect. Utricularia	Bladderwort	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Utricularia gibba L. 1753. Utricularia gibba L.	Humped bladderwort	Native, CoC: 9, Secure		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN Go Botany ITIS Images Wikispecies
Utricularia macrorhiza Leconte 1824. Utricularia macrorhiza Leconte 1836. Megozipa macrorhiza Raf. 1917. U. vulgarisssp. americana 1949. U. vulgarisssp. macrorhiza	Greater bladderwort, Common bladderwort	Native, CoC: 7, Likely secure		NYFA: 4	USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos Images Wikispecies
Utricularia intermedia Hayne	Flat-leaved bladderwort	Native, CoC: 9, Likely secure		NYFA: 4	USDA-NN Go Botany ITIS Images Wikispecies
Utricularia geminiscapa Benj.	Hiddenfruit bladderwort	Native, CoC: 7, Rare		NYFA: 3	USDA-NN Images Wikispecies
Utricularia minor L. (1753)	Lesser bladderwort	Native, CoC: 9, Rare		NYFA: 3	USDA-NN Images Wikispecies
Utricularia inflata Walter (1788)	Swollen bladderwort	Native, CoC: 8, Threatened		NYFA: 2	USDA-N0 ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies
Utricularia radiata Small (1903)	Small floating bladderwort, Little floating bladderwort	Native, CoC: 10, Threatened		NYFA: 2	USDA-NN ITIS Images Wikispecies
Utricularia striata Leconte ex Torr. (1819)	Striped bladderwort	Native, CoC: 10, Threatened		NYFA: 2	USDA-N0 Images Wikispecies
Utricularia ochroleuca R.W.Hartm. Utricularia intermedia × Utricularia minor	Yellowishwhite bladderwort	Native, CoC: 10, Endangered		NYFA: 1?	USDA-NN ITIS Images Wikispecies
Genus Utricularia sect. Vesiculina	Bladderwort	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Utricularia purpurea Walter	Eastern purple bladderwort	Native, CoC: 9, Likely secure		NYFA: 4	USDA-NN ITIS Images Wikispecies
Genus Utricularia sect. Lecticula	Bladderwort	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Utricularia resupinata B.D.Greene ex Bigelow (1840)	Lavender bladderwort	Native, CoC: 10, Likely secure		NYFA: 4-5	USDA-NN ITIS Images Wikispecies
Genus Utricularia sect. Setiscapella	Bladderwort	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Utricularia subulata L. (1753)	Zigzag bladderwort	Native, CoC: 10, Rare		NYFA: 3	USDA-NN ITIS Images Wikispecies

[1] New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Glossostigma cleistanthum: Potential (35). M.J.Jordan, G.Moore & T.W.Weldy (2008). Invasiveness ranking system for non-native plants of New York. Unpublished. The Nature Conservancy, Albany & Cold Spring Harbor, NY; Brooklyn Botanic Garden, Brooklyn, NY.

[2] POWO (2024). "Plants of the World Online. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew."

[3] New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Paulownia tomentosa: Moderate (51). M.J.Jordan, G.Moore & T.W.Weldy (2008). Invasiveness ranking system for non-native plants of New York. Unpublished. The Nature Conservancy, Albany & Cold Spring Harbor, NY; Brooklyn Botanic Garden, Brooklyn, NY.

[4] Stephen M. Young (2020). New York Rare Plant Status Lists. New York Natural Heritage Program.

[5] New York Natural Heritage Program. 2021. Online Conservation Guide for Agalinis decemloba. Accessed September 1, 2021.

[6] American chaffseed, Schwalbea americana, Species Profile. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service

[7] Stephen M. Young. New York Rare Plant Status Lists 2017

[8] Guy L. Nesom (2010). "Infrageneric classification of Verbena (Verbenaceae)." Phytoneuron 2010-11: 1–15.

[9] Jordan, M.J., G. Moore and T.W. Weldy. 2008. Invasiveness ranking system for non-native plants of New York. Unpublished. The Nature Conservancy, Cold Spring Harbor, NY; Brooklyn Botanic Garden, Brooklyn, NY; The Nature Conservancy, Albany, NY.

[10] Jil Swearingen, C. Bargeron (2018) Invasive Plant Atlas of the United States. University of Georgia Center for Invasive Species and Ecosystem Health.

[11] New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Verbena bonariensis: NA (none).

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