Flora of New York/Rhamnaceae … Urticaceae

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The first pair of Rosales families on this page (Rhamnaceae and Elaeagnaceae) contain several small trees and shrubs that are particularly invasive in many parts of New York. These include the autumn olive, Russian olive, common buckthorn, and glossy buckthorn.

Family Rhamnaceae

The Rhamnaceae (buckthorn family) in New York contains three species of native shrubs (two New Jersey tea and one buckthorn species). It also contains two highly invasive non-native buckthorns, both of which are prohibited in New York.^[1]^[2]

↑ Rhamnaceae Troy Weldy & David Werier (2013) New York Flora Atlas. New York Flora Association, Albany, New York.
↑ Rhamnaceae P. F. Stevens (2001 onwards). Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Version 12, July 2012.

Subfamily Rhamnoideae

Tribe Rhamneae

Besides the two highly invasive exotic buckthorn species, the Rhamneae tribe contains the native alder-leaved buckthorn.

Rhamnus

The native alder-leaved buckthorn (Rhamnus alnifolia or Endotropis alnifolia)^[1]^[2] should not be confused with the invasive exotic "glossy buckthorn" (Frangula alnus), which also goes by the similar common name "alder buckthorn."

The two non-native buckthorns Rhamnus davurica and Rhamnus utilis have not been reported as naturalized in New York, but they have been reported outside of cultivation in neighboring states.

Rosales — Rhamnaceae — Rhamnoideae — Rhamneae — Rhamnus
Genus Rhamnus	Buckthorn	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Rhamnus alnifolia L’Hér. 1789. Rhamnus alnifolius L’Hér. 1915. Apetlorhamnus alnifolia Nieuwl. 2016. Ventia alnifolia (L'Hér.) Hauenschild (superfl.) 2016. Endotropis alnifolia (L’Hér.) Hauenschild	Alder-leaved buckthorn, American alder buckthorn, Dwarf alder, Swamp buckthorn Nerprun à feuilles d'aulne, Nerprun des marécages	Native, CoC: 9, Likely secure OBL Perennial, Shrub, Part shade - shade		NYFA: 4	USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos BONAP LBJ Images Wikispecies Note: source
Rhamnus cathartica L. 1753. Rhamnus catharticus L.	European buckthorn, Common buckthorn, Purging buckthorn, European waythorn Nerprun cathartique, Nerprun purgatif, Épine noire	Introduced from Eurasia, n. Africa, Very highly invasive, NYIS: 80%^[1], Invasive.org: [1], CP-2^[2] NE-1^[3], Prohibited^[4], WW		NYFA: X	USDA-XX Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies
Genus Rhamnus (excluded taxa)	Buckthorn	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Rhamnus davurica Pall. 1776. Rhamnus dauuricus Pall. 1866. R. catharticavar. dahurica Maxim.	Dahurian buckthorn Nerprun de Daourie	Introduced from Siberia, China, Japan, No specimens, CT, MA, PA, VT, PE		NYFA: 0	USDA-XX Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies
Rhamnus utilis Decne. 1857. Rhamnus utilis Decne.	Chinese buckthorn Vert de Chine	Introduced from Asia, No specimens, Invasive.org: [2], CT, MI, OH, IN, IL		NYFA: 0	USDA-X0 Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies
↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Rhamnus cathartica: Very High (80). ↑ Appendix 2. Plant species that are considered highly invasive to natural areas in the central Finger Lakes region. Policy on the use of non-native plants in Cornell Botanic Gardens' accessioned collections (2018) ↑ Category 1 Plants - highly invasive - Eastern Region invasive plants, ranked by degree of invasiveness as based on information from States (1998) US Forest Service ↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation Regulation 6 NYCRR Part 575 Prohibited and Regulated Invasive Species

Frangula

The only Frangula species reported in the wild in New York is glossy buckthorn (Frangula alnus), which is an Old World species that is considered highly invasive and is prohibited in New York. Frangula alnus is sometimes known as "alder buckthorn" and as noted above, should not be confused with the native Rhamnus alnifolia.

The seven or so North American Frangula species have not been reported in New York, but Carolina buckthorn and perhaps others may be able to survive cultivation in parts of the state.

Rosales — Rhamnaceae — Rhamnoideae — Rhamneae — Frangula
Genus Frangula	Glossy buckthorn	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Frangula alnus Mill. 1753. Rhamnus frangula L. 1768. Frangula alnus Mill.	Glossy buckthorn, Glossy false buckthorn, Smooth buckthorn, Alder buckthorn	Introduced from Eurasia, n. Africa, Highly invasive, NYIS: 73%^[1], iMapInvasives, Invasive.org: [3], CP-2^[2] NE-1^[3], Prohibited^[4], WW		NYFA: X	USDA-XX Go Botany ARS-GRIN Tropicos BONAP CABI Images Wikispecies
Frangula caroliniana Rhamnus caroliniana Walter Rhamnus caroliniana var. mollis Fernald	Carolina buckthorn ⓘ	N. America native southern US, Not listed FAC Perennial, Tree-shrub		iNat: Suffolk (2021) NYFA: iNat	USDA-N0 Go Botany Images Wikispecies
↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Frangula alnus: High (73). ↑ Appendix 2. Plant species that are considered highly invasive to natural areas in the central Finger Lakes region. Policy on the use of non-native plants in Cornell Botanic Gardens' accessioned collections (2018) ↑ Category 1 Plants - highly invasive - Eastern Region invasive plants, ranked by degree of invasiveness as based on information from States (1998) US Forest Service ↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation Regulation 6 NYCRR Part 575 Prohibited and Regulated Invasive Species

Subfamily Ziziphoideae

Tribe Pomaderreae

Ceanothus

New Jersey tea (Ceanothus americanus) is a low shrub of forest edges.

Rosales — Rhamnaceae — Ziziphoideae — Pomaderreae — Ceanothus
Genus Ceanothus	New Jersey tea	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Ceanothus americanus Ceanothus intermedius	New Jersey tea, Indian tea, Wild snowball, Redroot, Snowbrush, Soapbloom, Mountainsweet	Native, CoC: 7, Secure, S5-G5 Perennial, Shrub, Part shade — shade		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN FS CS Go Botany LBJ Images Wikispecies
Ceanothus herbaceus	Jersey tea, Inland New Jersey tea, Prairie redroot, Grub root	Native, Endangered Perennial, Shrub		NYFA: 1	USDA-NN CS Go Botany LBJ Images Wikispecies

Family Elaeagnaceae

The Elaeagnaceae (oleaster family)...^[1]

↑ Elaeagnaceae Troy Weldy & David Werier (2013) New York Flora Atlas. New York Flora Association, Albany, New York.

Shepherdia

Buffalo berry (genus Shepherdia) contains the New York native Canada buffalo-berry (Shepherdia canadensis) and the occasionally-present silver buffalo-berry (Shepherdia argentea), introduced from western North America.

Rosales — Elaeagnaceae — Shepherdia
Genus Shepherdia	Buffalo berry	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NPT
Shepherdia canadensis 1753. Hippophae canadensis L. 1818. Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt. 1890. Lepargyrea canadensis (L.) Greene 1935. Elaeagnus canadensis (L.) A. Nelson	Canada buffalo-berry Canada buffalo berry ⓘ Russet buffaloberry ⓘ Soapberry ⓘ	Native, CoC: 8, Likely secure, S4 UPL Perennial, Shrub		NYFA: 4 iNat	USDA-NN Go Botany Tropicos LBJ Images Wikispecies
Shepherdia argentea (Pursh) Nutt. 1813. Hippophae argentea Pursh 1818. Shepherdia argentea (Pursh) Nutt. 1890. Lepargyrea argentea (Pursh) Greene	Silver buffalo-berry, Silver buffaloberry	Introduced from w. N. America		NYFA: X	USDA-NN ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies

Elaeagnus

Autumn olive (Elaeagnus umbellata) commonly naturalizes and becomes invasive through much of New York State, while Russian olive (Elaeagnus angustifolia) does so on a much more limited basis.

Autumn olive has been shown to affect soil microbial communities even when it is present in relatively low densities.^[1]

↑ Elizabeth Malinich, Nicole Lynn‐Bell, Peter S. Kourtev (2017). "The effect of the invasive Elaeagnus umbellata on soil microbial communities depends on proximity of soils to plants." Ecosphere 8(5):e01827. 10.1002/ecs2.1827

Rosales — Elaeagnaceae — Elaeagnus
Genus Elaeagnus Hill	Silver-berry	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Elaeagnus umbellata Thunb. 1784. Elaeagnus umbellata Thunb. 1784. E. crispa Thunb. 1836. E. parvifolia Wall. ex Royle 1909. E. umbellata var. parvifolia C.K.Schneid.	Autumn olive, Autumn elaeagnus, Spreading oleaster Oléastre à ombelles, Chalef en ombelles	Introduced from Asia, Very highly invasive, NYIS: 94%^[1], Invasive.org: [4], CP-2^[2] NE-1^[3]		NYFA: X iNat	USDA-XX Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN Tropicos Images Wikispecies
Elaeagnus angustifolia L. 1753. Elaeagnus angustifolia L. 1767. E. orientalis L. 1808. E. hortensis M.Bieb. 1857. E. moorcroftii Wall. ex Schltdl. 1887. E. angustifolia var. orientalis Kuntze	Russian olive, Russian elaeagnus, Silver-berry, Oleaster, Trebizond-date Olivier de Bohême	Introduced from Eurasia, Moderately invasive, NYIS: 68%^[4], Invasive.org: [5], CP-5^[5] NE-1^[3]		NYFA: X iNat	USDA-XX Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies
Elaeagnus multiflora Thunb. 1784. Elaeagnus multiflora Thunb. 1859. Elaeagnus longipes A.Gray	Cherry silverberry, Cherry elaeagnus, Cherry oleaster Goumi	Introduced from temperate Asia, Invasive.org: [6]		NYFA: Livingston (1969) iNat: none (2021) NYFA: X iNat	USDA-X0 VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies
Elaeagnus pungens Thunb. 1784. Elaeagnus pungens Thunb. 1869. Elaeagnus simonii Carrière 1949. E. pungensvar. simonii Rehder	Thorny-olive, Thorny elaeagnus, Spiny oleaster	Introduced from China & Japan, No NY reports, Invasive.org: [7]		iNat: Suffolk (2020) NYFA: 0 iNat	USDA-X0 Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies
Elaeagnus commutata Bernh. ex Rydb. 1814. Elaeagnus argentea Pursh (nom. illeg.) 1917. E. commutata Bernh. ex Rydb. 1955. E. veteris-castelli Lepage	Silverberry, American silverberry, Wolf-willow Chalef argenté, Chalef changeant	Introduced from western US, n. central US, Canada, N. America native, No NY reports		iNat: Monroe (2020) NYFA: 0 iNat	USDA-NN VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos Images Wikispecies
↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Elaeagnus umbellata: Very high (94). M.J.Jordan, G.Moore & T.W.Weldy (2008). Invasiveness ranking system for non-native plants of New York. Unpublished. The Nature Conservancy, Albany & Cold Spring Harbor, NY; Brooklyn Botanic Garden, Brooklyn, NY. ↑ Appendix 2. Plant species that are considered highly invasive to natural areas in the central Finger Lakes region. Policy on the use of non-native plants in Cornell Botanic Gardens' accessioned collections (2018) ↑ ^a ^b Category 1 Plants - highly invasive - Eastern Region invasive plants, ranked by degree of invasiveness as based on information from States (1998) US Forest Service ↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Elaeagnus angustifolia: Moderate (68). ↑ Appendix 5. Plant species of concern (Watch List) within the central Finger Lakes region. Policy on the use of non-native plants in Cornell Botanic Gardens' accessioned collections (2018)

Family Ulmaceae

The Ulmaceae (elm family)...^[1]

Ulmus

Rosales — Ulmaceae — Ulmus
Genus Ulmus	Elm	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Ulmus americana L. 1753. Ulmus americana L. 1860. U. americana var. aspera Chapm. 1860. U. floridana Chapm. 1953. U. americana var. floridana Little	American elm, White elm Orme d'Amérique, Orme blanc	Native, Secure		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN SNA Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Images Wikispecies
Ulmus rubra Muhl. 1785. U. americana Marshall (i) 1788. U. pubescens Walter 1789. U. americana var. rubra (Muhl.) Aiton 1793. U. rubra Muhl. 1796. U. pendula Willd. 1803. U. fulva Michx. 1809. U. crispa Willd.	Slippery elm, Red elm Orme rouge, Orme gras	Native, Secure		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN SNA Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN Tropicos Images Wikispecies
Ulmus thomasii Sarg. 1831. U. racemosa D.Thomas non Borkh. (1800) 1902. U. thomasi(i) Sarg.	Rock elm, Cork elm, Hickory elm Orme liège, Orme de Thomas	Native, Threatened		NYFA: 2-3	USDA-NN SNA Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Images Wikispecies
Ulmus pumila	Siberian elm	Introduced from temperate Asia, Moderately invasive, NYIS: 53%^[2], CP-5^[3]		NYFA: X	USDA-XX Go Botany Images Wikispecies
Ulmus glabra Huds.	Wych elm, Scotch elm, Broadleaf elm, Broad-leaved elm, European mountain elm Orme de montagne, Orme montagnard, Orme glabre, Orme blanc, Orme rude	Introduced from Eurasia, Unk. naturalization		NYFA: X	USDA-XX Go Botany ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies
Ulmus procera Salisb. 1753. Ulmus campestris L. p.p. (i) 1796. Ulmus procera Salisb. auct. Ulmus minor non Mill.^[4] auct. Ulmus carpinifolia non Ruppius ex G.Suckow	English elm, English cork elm Grand orme, Orme rouge, Orme champêtre	Introduced from Europe, northern Africa, Not naturalized		NYFA: X	USDA-XX Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies
Genus Ulmus (excluded taxa)	Elm	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Ulmus minor Mill. 1768. Ulmus minor Mill.	European field elm	Introduced from Eurasia, northern Africa, N.Y. excluded		NYFA-Excluded	Images Wikispecies
Ulmus parvifolia Jacq. 1798. Ulmus parvifolia Jacq. 1914. Ulmus sieboldii Daveau	Lacebark elm, Chinese elm	Introduced from Asia, Potentially invasive, Excluded		NYFA-Excluded	USDA-XX Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies
Ulmus glabra × procera Ulmus glabra × Ulmus procera	Hybrid of wych elm & English elm	Introduced from Eurasian parents, N.Y. excluded		NYFA-Excluded	Images Wikispecies
↑ Ulmaceae Troy Weldy & David Werier (2013) New York Flora Atlas. New York Flora Association, Albany, New York. ↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Ulmus pumila: Moderate (53). ↑ Appendix 5. Plant species of concern (Watch List) within the central Finger Lakes region. Policy on the use of non-native plants in Cornell Botanic Gardens' accessioned collections (2018) ↑ Some authors have combined U. minor Mill. (s.s.) and U. procera under U. minor Mill. (s.l.).

Family Cannabaceae

The Cannabaceae (hemp family)...^[1]

↑ Cannabaceae Troy Weldy & David Werier (2013) New York Flora Atlas. New York Flora Association, Albany, New York.

Celtis

Celtis (hackberry) was formerly included under Ulmaceae (above), but is now more likely to be included under Cannabaceae or in its own family.

Rosales — Cannabaceae — Celtis
Genus Celtis	Hackberry	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Celtis occidentalis L. 1753. Celtis occidentalis L. 1797. Celtis crassifolia Lam. 1856. C. occidentalis var. crassifolia (Lam.) A. Gray 1919. C. occidentalis var. canina (Raf.) Sarg.	Northern hackberry, American hackberry, Common hackberry, Beaverwood, Nettletree Micocoulier occidental, Bois inconnu	Native, CoC: 7, Likely secure FACU Perennial, Tree		NYFA: 4	USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies
Celtis tenuifolia Nutt. 1814. Celtis pumila Pursh 1818. C. tenuifolia Nutt. 1856. C. occidentalis var. pumila (Pursh) A.Gray 1897. C. georgiana Small 1902. C. pumila var. georgiana Sarg. 1902. C. mississippiensis var. pumila (Pursh) Mack. & Bush 1919. C. pumila var. georgiana Sarg. 1964. C. occidentalis var. georgiana H.E.Ahles 1967. C. tenuifolia var. soperi B.Boivin 1969. C. occidentalis f. pumila (Pursh) F.Seym. 1982. C. occidentalis ssp. georgiana A.E.Murray	Dwarf hackberry, Upland hackberry, Georgia hackberry Micocoulier rabougri, Micocoulier de Soper, Micocoulier de Géorgie	Native, CoC: 9, No specimens		NYFA: NU	USDA-NN VASCAN ARS-GRIN FNA Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies

Humulus

At least two species of wild hops are present in New York, depending on how they are recognized taxonomically. Of the three varieties of common hops (Humulus lupulus) found in New York, two (var. lupuloides and var pubescens) are considered native and one (var. lupulus) is European. A fourth variety (var. neomexicanus) is also native to North America but has not been reported in the wild in New York. Although similar in appearance, based on molecular and morphological studies, these four varieties can also be treated as separate species (H. lupuloides, H. pubescens, H. neomexicana, and H. lupulus s.s.).^[1]^[2]

Rosales — Cannabaceae — Humulus
Genus Humulus	Hops	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Humulus lupulus L. var. lupuloides E.Small 1847. Humulus americanus Nutt. 1978. H. lupulus var. lupuloides E.Small 1982. H. lupulus ssp. americanus (Nutt.) Á.&D.Löve 2016. H. lupuloides (E.Small) Tembrock	Northeastern hops ⓘ American hop Common hop ⓘ Houblon lupuloïde	Native, CoC: 5, Likely secure Perennial, Herb-vine		NYFA: U	USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies
Humulus lupulus L. var. pubescens E.Small 1978. H. lupulus var. pubescens E.Small 2016. H. pubescens (E.Small) Tembrock	Midwestern hops, Pubescent hop, Common hop	Native, CoC: 10, Rare Perennial, Herb-vine		NYFA: U	USDA-N0 ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies
Humulus lupulus L. var. lupulus 1753. Humulus lupulus L.	European hop, Common hop Houblon commun, Houblon grimpant	Introduced from Eurasia, Morocco, Naturalized, NE5^[1] Perennial, Herb-vine		NYFA: X	USDA-XX Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies
Humulus japonicus Siebold & Zucc. 1790. Antidesma scandens Lour. 1846. Humulus japonicus Siebold & Zucc. 1935. Humulus scandens (Lour.) Merr. 1988. Humulopsis scandens (Lour.) Grudz.	Japanese hops, Japanese hop Houblon japonais	Introduced from eastern Asia, Highly invasive, NYIS: 74%^[2], NE4^[3]		NYFA: X	USDA-XX Go Botany FNA Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies
↑ Category 5 Plants - native invasives - Eastern Region invasive plants, ranked by degree of invasiveness as based on information from States (1998) US Forest Service ↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Humulus japonicus: High (74). ↑ Category 4 Plants - local concern and monitoring - Eastern Region invasive plants, ranked by degree of invasiveness as based on information from States (1998) US Forest Service

Cannabis

Rosales — Cannabaceae — Cannabis
Genus Cannabis	Hemp	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Cannabis sativa L. 1753. Cannabis sativa L. 1785. Cannabis indica Lam. 1924. Cannabis ruderalis Janisch. 1976. C. sativassp. indica E.Small & Cronquist	Hemp, Marijuana, Pot	Introduced from central Asia		NYFA: X	USDA-XX Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Images Wikispecies

Family Moraceae

The Moraceae (mulberry or fig family)...^[1]

Tribe Moreae

Morus

Of the dozen-or-so species of mulberry trees found worldwide, two have been found in the wild in New York. The red mulberry (Morus rubra) is native to eastern North America, including New York, and the white mulberry (Morus alba, the primary host for silkmoth caterpillars) was introduced from eastern Asia and is known to escape cultivation. M. alba is considered to be invasive in Mid-Atlantic states.^[2]

↑ Moraceae Troy Weldy & David Werier (2013) New York Flora Atlas. New York Flora Association, Albany, New York.
↑ Plant Species Reported to be Invasive in Natural Areas List. Source: Mid-Atlantic Exotic Pest Plant Council, 2005. Invasive Plant Atlas of the United States (2017).

Rosales — Moraceae — Moreae — Morus
Genus Morus	Mulberry	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Morus rubra L. 1753. Morus rubra L. 1873. Morus rubravar. tomentosa 1873. Morus rubravar. rubra	Red mulberry, American mulberry Mûrier rouge	Native, CoC: 8, Secure FACU Perennial, Tree		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN Tropicos Images Wikispecies
Morus alba L. 1753. Morus alba L. 1753. Morus tatarica L. 1855. Morus albavar. tatarica	White mulberry, Russian mulberry, Silkworm mulberry Mûrier blanc	Introduced from China, Moderately invasive, NYIS: 69%^[1]		NYFA: X	USDA-XX Go Botany ARS-GRIN Tropicos Images Wikispecies
Genus Morus (excluded taxa)	Mulberry	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Morus nigra L. 1753. Morus nigra L.	Black Mulberry	Introduced from Asia, N.Y. excluded		NYFA-Excluded	USDA-X0 ARS-GRIN FoC Tropicos Images Wikispecies
↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Morus alba: Moderate (69).

Broussonetia

Rosales — Moraceae — Moreae — Broussonetia
Genus Broussonetia	Paper mulberry	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Broussonetia papyrifera (L.) L'Hér. ex Vent. 1753. Morus papyrifera L. 1799. B. papyrifera (L.) L'Hér. ex Vent. 1891. Papyrius papyriferus (L.) Kuntze	Paper mulberry, Tapa-cloth-tree Mûrier à papier	Introduced from Asia (temp & trop), Highly invasive, NYIS Tier: 3, Invasive.org: [8], Naturalized Perennial, Tree		NYFA: X	USDA-XX ARS-GRIN Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies

Fatoua

Rosales — Moraceae — Moreae — Fatoua
Genus Fatoua	Crabweed	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Fatoua villosa (Thunb.) Nakai 1784. Urtica japonica Thunb. non L.f. 1782 1784. Urtica villosa Thunb. 1856. Fatoua japonica (Thunb.) Blume nom. illeg. 1927. Fatoua villosa (Thunb.) Nakai	Mulberry-weed, Hairy crabweed	Introduced from Japan & Taiwan, Potentially invasive, Invasive.org: [9], Naturalized FAC Annual, Herb-forb		NYFA: Xn	USDA-XX ARS-GRIN Tropicos Images Wikispecies

Tribe Maclureae

Maclura

Maclura pomifera (osage-orange) is a shrub or small tree that has been widely cultivated throughout the continental U.S., but it is considered to be native only to southwestern Arkansas, southeastern Oklahoma, and Texas. It has been cultivated in New York, but only occasionally naturalizes.

Rosales — Moraceae — Maclureae — Maclura
Genus Maclura	Maclura	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Maclura pomifera (Raf.) C.K.Schneid. 1817. Ioxylon pomiferum Raf. 1817. Toxylon pomiferum Raf. 1828. Toxylon aurantiacum (Nutt.) Raf. 1906. Maclura pomifera (Raf.) C.K.Schneid.	Osage-orange, Hedge-apple, Bow-wood, Bodoark Bois d'arc	Introduced from TX, OK, AR, N. America native, Naturalized Perennial, Shrub, tree		NYFA: X	USDA-NX Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Tropicos NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies

Tribe Ficeae

Ficus

Rosales — Moraceae — Ficeae — Ficus
Genus Ficus	Fig	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Ficus carica L. 1753. Ficus carica L.	Common fig, Edible fig	Introduced, Impersistent		NYFA: Xm	USDA-XX Images Wikispecies

Family Urticaceae

The Urticaceae (nettle family)...^[1]

Subfamily Urticoideae

Tribe Urticeae

Laportea

Rosales — Urticaceae — Urticoideae — Urticeae — Laportea
Genus Laportea	Wood nettle	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Laportea canadensis (L.) Wedd. 1753. Urtica canadensis L. 1826. Laportea canadensis (L.) Gaudich. 1849. Fleurya canadensis (L.) Benth. 1854. Laportea canadensis (L.) Weddell 1891. Urticastrum divaricatum (L.) Kuntze	Canada wood nettle, Canada nettle, Wood-nettle, Canadian woodnettle Laportéa du Canada, Ortie des bois, Ortie du Canada	Native, Secure		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies
↑ Urticaceae Troy Weldy & David Werier (2013) New York Flora Atlas. New York Flora Association, Albany, New York.

Urtica

Many sources treat Urtica gracilis, the American stinging nettle, as a subspecies of Urtica dioica, which contains the European stinging nettle. Henning et al. (2014) proposed the transfer of the North American U. dioica subtaxa to U. gracilis, the holotype of which was collected on the Hudson Bay.^[1]

U. gracilis differs from U. dioica in that the native plant is monoecious and has a less dense population of stinging hairs than the European species.

↑ Tilo Henning, Dietmar Quandt, Bernadette Grosse-Veldmann, Alexander Monro, & Maximilian Weigend (2014) "Weeding the Nettles II: A delimitation of Urtica dioica L. (Urticaceae) based on morphological and molecular data, including a rehabilitation of Urtica gracilis Ait." Phytotaxa, 162(2): 61–83. Accessed: 13 Oct. 2018

Rosales — Urticaceae — Urticoideae — Urticeae — Urtica
Genus Urtica	Nettle	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Urtica gracilis Aiton ssp. gracilis 1789. Urtica gracilis Aiton 1805. Urtica procera Muhl. ex Willd. 1856. Urtica dioica var. procera (Muhl. ex Willd.) Wedd. 1875. Urtica lyallii S.Watson 1889. Urtica californica Greene 1912. Urtica viridis Rydb. 1947. Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis (Aiton) Selander	American stinging nettle, California nettle, California stinging nettle, California nettle, Slender stalked nettle	Native, CoC: 2, Secure		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies
Urtica dioica L. ssp. dioica 1753. Urtica dioica L. 1869. Urtica dioicavar. vulgaris	European stinging nettle Ortie dioïque, Grande ortie	Introduced, Highly invasive, NYS Tier 5^[1], Naturalized, SNA, G5-T5? FAC-FACU Perennial, Herb-forb		NYFA: X	USDA-XX Go Botany VASCAN Tropicos Images Wikispecies
Urtica urens L.	Burning nettle, Dog nettle	Introduced		NYFA: X	USDA-XX Go Botany Images Wikispecies
Urtica chamaedryoides Pursh	Weak nettle, Red nettle, Heart-leaved nettle	Introduced, US South native		NYFA: X	USDA-N0 Go Botany-0 Images Wikispecies
↑ Urtica dioica Ecological Invasiveness Rank: High, State Tier 5. New York State Invasive Species Tiers. 2021 New York Natural Heritage Program.

Tribe Lecantheae

Pilea

Rosales — Urticaceae — Urticoideae — Lecantheae — Pilea
Genus Pilea	Clearweed	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Pilea pumila (L.) A. Gray var. pumila 1753. Urtica pumila L. 1848. Pilea pumila (L.) A. Gray	Green-fruited clearweed, Canadian clearweed, Coolwort, Richweed Piléa nain, Pilée naine, Ortie naine, Petite ortie	Native, CoC: 2, Secure		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN Go Botany FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies
Pilea fontana (Lunell) Rydb. 1843. Adicea pumila Raf. 1913. Adicea fontana Lunell 1913. Adicea opaca Lunell 1931. Pilea fontana (Lunell) Rydb. 1931. Pilea opaca (Lunell) Rydb.	Black-fruited clearweed, Lesser clearweed, Spring clearweed, Springs clearweed Piléa des fontaines	Native, CoC: 6, Secure		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN Go Botany FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies
Pilea fontana × pumila Pilea fontana × Pilea pumila	Hybrid clearweed	Native, N.Y. excluded		NYFA-Excluded	Images Wikispecies

Tribe Boehmerieae

Boehmeria

Native false nettle is common in wet shady locations

Rosales — Urticaceae — Urticoideae — Boehmerieae — Boehmeria
Genus Boehmeria	False nettle	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Boehmeria cylindrica (L.) Sw. 1753. Urtica cylindrica L. 1788. Boehmeria cylindrica (L.) Sw. 1805. Boehmeria cylindrica (L.) Willd.	False nettle Smallspike false nettle Bog hemp Boehméria cylindrique, Fausse ortie cylindrique, Ortie de savanne	Native, CoC: 7, Secure FACW-OBL Perennial, Herb-forb		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies

Tribe Parietarieae

Parietaria

Rosales — Urticaceae — Urticoideae — Parietarieae
Genus Parietaria	Pellitory	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Parietaria pensylvanica Muhl. ex Willd. 1806. P. pensylvanica Muhl. ex Willd. 1857. P. debilisvar. pensylvanica 1903. P. obtusa Rydb. ex Small 1912. P. occidentalis Rydb. 1941. Freirea pensylvanica (Muhl. ex Willd.) Jarm. 1950. P. pensylvanicavar. obtusa	Pennsylvania pellitory, Pennsylvania cucumber plant	Native, CoC: 2, Secure		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN FNA Tropicos NatureServe BONAP LBJ Images Wikispecies
Parietaria judaica L. Parietaria judaica L. Parietaria diffusa	Spreading pellitory	Introduced from s. Europe, n. Africa, Impersistent		NYFA: X	USDA-X0 Go Botany FNA Tropicos NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies

[1] Rhamnaceae Troy Weldy & David Werier (2013) New York Flora Atlas. New York Flora Association, Albany, New York.

[2] Rhamnaceae P. F. Stevens (2001 onwards). Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Version 12, July 2012.

[3] Hauenschild et al. (2016). "Analysis of the cosmopolitan buckthorn genera Frangula and Rhamnus s.l. supports the description of a new genus, Ventia." Taxon, 65(1):65-78(14), International Association for Plant Taxonomy, March 2016.

[4] Corrigendum to Hauenschild et al. (2016). "Analysis of the cosmopolitan buckthorn genera Frangula and Rhamnus s.l. supports the description of a new genus, Ventia." Taxon, 65(4):926-927(2).

[5] New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Rhamnus cathartica: Very High (80).

[CP2-6] Appendix 2. Plant species that are considered highly invasive to natural areas in the central Finger Lakes region. Policy on the use of non-native plants in Cornell Botanic Gardens' accessioned collections (2018)

[NE1-7] Category 1 Plants - highly invasive - Eastern Region invasive plants, ranked by degree of invasiveness as based on information from States (1998) US Forest Service

[prohibit-8] New York State Department of Environmental Conservation Regulation 6 NYCRR Part 575 Prohibited and Regulated Invasive Species

[9] New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Frangula alnus: High (73).

[CP2-10] Appendix 2. Plant species that are considered highly invasive to natural areas in the central Finger Lakes region. Policy on the use of non-native plants in Cornell Botanic Gardens' accessioned collections (2018)

[NE1-11] Category 1 Plants - highly invasive - Eastern Region invasive plants, ranked by degree of invasiveness as based on information from States (1998) US Forest Service

[prohibit-12] New York State Department of Environmental Conservation Regulation 6 NYCRR Part 575 Prohibited and Regulated Invasive Species

[13] Elaeagnaceae Troy Weldy & David Werier (2013) New York Flora Atlas. New York Flora Association, Albany, New York.

[14] Elizabeth Malinich, Nicole Lynn‐Bell, Peter S. Kourtev (2017). "The effect of the invasive Elaeagnus umbellata on soil microbial communities depends on proximity of soils to plants." Ecosphere 8(5):e01827. 10.1002/ecs2.1827

[15] New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Elaeagnus umbellata: Very high (94). M.J.Jordan, G.Moore & T.W.Weldy (2008). Invasiveness ranking system for non-native plants of New York. Unpublished. The Nature Conservancy, Albany & Cold Spring Harbor, NY; Brooklyn Botanic Garden, Brooklyn, NY.

[CP2-16] Appendix 2. Plant species that are considered highly invasive to natural areas in the central Finger Lakes region. Policy on the use of non-native plants in Cornell Botanic Gardens' accessioned collections (2018)

[NE1-17] Category 1 Plants - highly invasive - Eastern Region invasive plants, ranked by degree of invasiveness as based on information from States (1998) US Forest Service

[18] New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Elaeagnus angustifolia: Moderate (68).

[CP5-19] Appendix 5. Plant species of concern (Watch List) within the central Finger Lakes region. Policy on the use of non-native plants in Cornell Botanic Gardens' accessioned collections (2018)

[20] Ulmaceae Troy Weldy & David Werier (2013) New York Flora Atlas. New York Flora Association, Albany, New York.

[21] New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Ulmus pumila: Moderate (53).

[CP5-22] Appendix 5. Plant species of concern (Watch List) within the central Finger Lakes region. Policy on the use of non-native plants in Cornell Botanic Gardens' accessioned collections (2018)

[23] Some authors have combined U. minor Mill. (s.s.) and U. procera under U. minor Mill. (s.l.).

[24] Cannabaceae Troy Weldy & David Werier (2013) New York Flora Atlas. New York Flora Association, Albany, New York.

[25] Luke R. Tembrock and Jenna M. McAleer (2016). "A Revision of Native North American Humulus (Cannabaceae)." Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas, 10(1):11-30, Jan. 2016.

[26] Humulus lupulus (Common Hops) on Minnesota Wildflowers website. 2006-2017.

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