Tone L
|
Infinitive
|
ukuzinza
|
|
Positive
|
Negative
|
Infinitive
|
ukuzinza
|
ukungazinzi
|
|
Imperative
|
|
Simple
|
object concord
|
Singular
|
zinza
|
-zinze
|
Plural
|
zinzani
|
-zinzeni
|
|
Present
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngiyazinza, ngizinza
|
engizinzayo, engizinza
|
ngizinza
|
angizinzi
|
engingazinzi
|
ngingazinzi
|
2nd singular
|
uyazinza, uzinza
|
ozinzayo, ozinza
|
uzinza
|
awuzinzi
|
ongazinzi
|
ungazinzi
|
1st plural
|
siyazinza, sizinza
|
esizinzayo, esizinza
|
sizinza
|
asizinzi
|
esingazinzi
|
singazinzi
|
2nd plural
|
niyazinza, nizinza
|
enizinzayo, enizinza
|
nizinza
|
anizinzi
|
eningazinzi
|
ningazinzi
|
Class 1
|
uyazinza, uzinza
|
ozinzayo, ozinza
|
ezinza
|
akazinzi
|
ongazinzi
|
engazinzi
|
Class 2
|
bayazinza, bazinza
|
abazinzayo, abazinza
|
bezinza
|
abazinzi
|
abangazinzi
|
bengazinzi
|
Class 3
|
uyazinza, uzinza
|
ozinzayo, ozinza
|
uzinza
|
awuzinzi
|
ongazinzi
|
ungazinzi
|
Class 4
|
iyazinza, izinza
|
ezinzayo, ezinza
|
izinza
|
ayizinzi
|
engazinzi
|
ingazinzi
|
Class 5
|
liyazinza, lizinza
|
elizinzayo, elizinza
|
lizinza
|
alizinzi
|
elingazinzi
|
lingazinzi
|
Class 6
|
ayazinza, azinza
|
azinzayo, azinza
|
ezinza
|
awazinzi
|
angazinzi
|
engazinzi
|
Class 7
|
siyazinza, sizinza
|
esizinzayo, esizinza
|
sizinza
|
asizinzi
|
esingazinzi
|
singazinzi
|
Class 8
|
ziyazinza, zizinza
|
ezizinzayo, ezizinza
|
zizinza
|
azizinzi
|
ezingazinzi
|
zingazinzi
|
Class 9
|
iyazinza, izinza
|
ezinzayo, ezinza
|
izinza
|
ayizinzi
|
engazinzi
|
ingazinzi
|
Class 10
|
ziyazinza, zizinza
|
ezizinzayo, ezizinza
|
zizinza
|
azizinzi
|
ezingazinzi
|
zingazinzi
|
Class 11
|
luyazinza, luzinza
|
oluzinzayo, oluzinza
|
luzinza
|
aluzinzi
|
olungazinzi
|
lungazinzi
|
Class 14
|
buyazinza, buzinza
|
obuzinzayo, obuzinza
|
buzinza
|
abuzinzi
|
obungazinzi
|
bungazinzi
|
Class 15
|
kuyazinza, kuzinza
|
okuzinzayo, okuzinza
|
kuzinza
|
akuzinzi
|
okungazinzi
|
kungazinzi
|
Class 17
|
kuyazinza, kuzinza
|
okuzinzayo, okuzinza
|
kuzinza
|
akuzinzi
|
okungazinzi
|
kungazinzi
|
|
Recent past
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngizinzile, ngizinzē
|
engizinzile, engizinzē
|
ngizinzile, ngizinzē
|
angizinzanga
|
engingazinzanga
|
ngingazinzanga
|
2nd singular
|
uzinzile, uzinzē
|
ozinzile, ozinzē
|
uzinzile, uzinzē
|
awuzinzanga
|
ongazinzanga
|
ungazinzanga
|
1st plural
|
sizinzile, sizinzē
|
esizinzile, esizinzē
|
sizinzile, sizinzē
|
asizinzanga
|
esingazinzanga
|
singazinzanga
|
2nd plural
|
nizinzile, nizinzē
|
enizinzile, enizinzē
|
nizinzile, nizinzē
|
anizinzanga
|
eningazinzanga
|
ningazinzanga
|
Class 1
|
uzinzile, uzinzē
|
ozinzile, ozinzē
|
ezinzile, ezinzē
|
akazinzanga
|
ongazinzanga
|
engazinzanga
|
Class 2
|
bazinzile, bazinzē
|
abazinzile, abazinzē
|
bezinzile, bezinzē
|
abazinzanga
|
abangazinzanga
|
bengazinzanga
|
Class 3
|
uzinzile, uzinzē
|
ozinzile, ozinzē
|
uzinzile, uzinzē
|
awuzinzanga
|
ongazinzanga
|
ungazinzanga
|
Class 4
|
izinzile, izinzē
|
ezinzile, ezinzē
|
izinzile, izinzē
|
ayizinzanga
|
engazinzanga
|
ingazinzanga
|
Class 5
|
lizinzile, lizinzē
|
elizinzile, elizinzē
|
lizinzile, lizinzē
|
alizinzanga
|
elingazinzanga
|
lingazinzanga
|
Class 6
|
azinzile, azinzē
|
azinzile, azinzē
|
ezinzile, ezinzē
|
awazinzanga
|
angazinzanga
|
engazinzanga
|
Class 7
|
sizinzile, sizinzē
|
esizinzile, esizinzē
|
sizinzile, sizinzē
|
asizinzanga
|
esingazinzanga
|
singazinzanga
|
Class 8
|
zizinzile, zizinzē
|
ezizinzile, ezizinzē
|
zizinzile, zizinzē
|
azizinzanga
|
ezingazinzanga
|
zingazinzanga
|
Class 9
|
izinzile, izinzē
|
ezinzile, ezinzē
|
izinzile, izinzē
|
ayizinzanga
|
engazinzanga
|
ingazinzanga
|
Class 10
|
zizinzile, zizinzē
|
ezizinzile, ezizinzē
|
zizinzile, zizinzē
|
azizinzanga
|
ezingazinzanga
|
zingazinzanga
|
Class 11
|
luzinzile, luzinzē
|
oluzinzile, oluzinzē
|
luzinzile, luzinzē
|
aluzinzanga
|
olungazinzanga
|
lungazinzanga
|
Class 14
|
buzinzile, buzinzē
|
obuzinzile, obuzinzē
|
buzinzile, buzinzē
|
abuzinzanga
|
obungazinzanga
|
bungazinzanga
|
Class 15
|
kuzinzile, kuzinzē
|
okuzinzile, okuzinzē
|
kuzinzile, kuzinzē
|
akuzinzanga
|
okungazinzanga
|
kungazinzanga
|
Class 17
|
kuzinzile, kuzinzē
|
okuzinzile, okuzinzē
|
kuzinzile, kuzinzē
|
akuzinzanga
|
okungazinzanga
|
kungazinzanga
|
|
Remote past
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngāzinza
|
engāzinza
|
ngāzinza
|
angizinzanga
|
engingazinzanga
|
ngingazinzanga
|
2nd singular
|
wāzinza
|
owāzinza
|
wāzinza
|
awuzinzanga
|
ongazinzanga
|
ungazinzanga
|
1st plural
|
sāzinza
|
esāzinza
|
sāzinza
|
asizinzanga
|
esingazinzanga
|
singazinzanga
|
2nd plural
|
nāzinza
|
enāzinza
|
nāzinza
|
anizinzanga
|
eningazinzanga
|
ningazinzanga
|
Class 1
|
wāzinza
|
owāzinza
|
āzinza
|
akazinzanga
|
ongazinzanga
|
engazinzanga
|
Class 2
|
bāzinza
|
abāzinza
|
bāzinza
|
abazinzanga
|
abangazinzanga
|
bengazinzanga
|
Class 3
|
wāzinza
|
owāzinza
|
wāzinza
|
awuzinzanga
|
ongazinzanga
|
ungazinzanga
|
Class 4
|
yāzinza
|
eyāzinza
|
yāzinza
|
ayizinzanga
|
engazinzanga
|
ingazinzanga
|
Class 5
|
lāzinza
|
elāzinza
|
lāzinza
|
alizinzanga
|
elingazinzanga
|
lingazinzanga
|
Class 6
|
āzinza
|
āzinza
|
āzinza
|
awazinzanga
|
angazinzanga
|
engazinzanga
|
Class 7
|
sāzinza
|
esāzinza
|
sāzinza
|
asizinzanga
|
esingazinzanga
|
singazinzanga
|
Class 8
|
zāzinza
|
ezāzinza
|
zāzinza
|
azizinzanga
|
ezingazinzanga
|
zingazinzanga
|
Class 9
|
yāzinza
|
eyāzinza
|
yāzinza
|
ayizinzanga
|
engazinzanga
|
ingazinzanga
|
Class 10
|
zāzinza
|
ezāzinza
|
zāzinza
|
azizinzanga
|
ezingazinzanga
|
zingazinzanga
|
Class 11
|
lwāzinza
|
olwāzinza
|
lwāzinza
|
aluzinzanga
|
olungazinzanga
|
lungazinzanga
|
Class 14
|
bāzinza
|
obāzinza
|
bāzinza
|
abuzinzanga
|
obungazinzanga
|
bungazinzanga
|
Class 15
|
kwāzinza
|
okwāzinza
|
kwāzinza
|
akuzinzanga
|
okungazinzanga
|
kungazinzanga
|
Class 17
|
kwāzinza
|
okwāzinza
|
kwāzinza
|
akuzinzanga
|
okungazinzanga
|
kungazinzanga
|
|
Potential
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngingazinza
|
—
|
ngingazinza
|
ngingezinze
|
—
|
ngingezinze
|
2nd singular
|
ungazinza
|
—
|
ungazinza
|
ungezinze
|
—
|
ungezinze
|
1st plural
|
singazinza
|
—
|
singazinza
|
singezinze
|
—
|
singezinze
|
2nd plural
|
ningazinza
|
—
|
ningazinza
|
ningezinze
|
—
|
ningezinze
|
Class 1
|
angazinza
|
—
|
engazinza
|
angezinze
|
—
|
engezinze
|
Class 2
|
bangazinza
|
—
|
bengazinza
|
bangezinze
|
—
|
bengezinze
|
Class 3
|
ungazinza
|
—
|
ungazinza
|
ungezinze
|
—
|
ungezinze
|
Class 4
|
ingazinza
|
—
|
ingazinza
|
ingezinze
|
—
|
ingezinze
|
Class 5
|
lingazinza
|
—
|
lingazinza
|
lingezinze
|
—
|
lingezinze
|
Class 6
|
angazinza
|
—
|
engazinza
|
angezinze
|
—
|
engezinze
|
Class 7
|
singazinza
|
—
|
singazinza
|
singezinze
|
—
|
singezinze
|
Class 8
|
zingazinza
|
—
|
zingazinza
|
zingezinze
|
—
|
zingezinze
|
Class 9
|
ingazinza
|
—
|
ingazinza
|
ingezinze
|
—
|
ingezinze
|
Class 10
|
zingazinza
|
—
|
zingazinza
|
zingezinze
|
—
|
zingezinze
|
Class 11
|
lungazinza
|
—
|
lungazinza
|
lungezinze
|
—
|
lungezinze
|
Class 14
|
bungazinza
|
—
|
bungazinza
|
bungezinze
|
—
|
bungezinze
|
Class 15
|
kungazinza
|
—
|
kungazinza
|
kungezinze
|
—
|
kungezinze
|
Class 17
|
kungazinza
|
—
|
kungazinza
|
kungezinze
|
—
|
kungezinze
|
|
Immediate future
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngizozinza
|
engizozinza
|
ngizozinza
|
angizuzinza
|
engingezuzinza
|
ngingezuzinza
|
2nd singular
|
uzozinza
|
ozozinza
|
uzozinza
|
awuzuzinza
|
ongezuzinza
|
ungezuzinza
|
1st plural
|
sizozinza
|
esizozinza
|
sizozinza
|
asizuzinza
|
esingezuzinza
|
singezuzinza
|
2nd plural
|
nizozinza
|
enizozinza
|
nizozinza
|
anizuzinza
|
eningezuzinza
|
ningezuzinza
|
Class 1
|
uzozinza
|
ozozinza
|
ezozinza
|
akazuzinza
|
ongezuzinza
|
engezuzinza
|
Class 2
|
bazozinza
|
abazozinza
|
bezozinza
|
abazuzinza
|
abangezuzinza
|
bengezuzinza
|
Class 3
|
uzozinza
|
ozozinza
|
uzozinza
|
awuzuzinza
|
ongezuzinza
|
ungezuzinza
|
Class 4
|
izozinza
|
ezozinza
|
izozinza
|
ayizuzinza
|
engezuzinza
|
ingezuzinza
|
Class 5
|
lizozinza
|
elizozinza
|
lizozinza
|
alizuzinza
|
elingezuzinza
|
lingezuzinza
|
Class 6
|
azozinza
|
azozinza
|
ezozinza
|
awazuzinza
|
angezuzinza
|
engezuzinza
|
Class 7
|
sizozinza
|
esizozinza
|
sizozinza
|
asizuzinza
|
esingezuzinza
|
singezuzinza
|
Class 8
|
zizozinza
|
ezizozinza
|
zizozinza
|
azizuzinza
|
ezingezuzinza
|
zingezuzinza
|
Class 9
|
izozinza
|
ezozinza
|
izozinza
|
ayizuzinza
|
engezuzinza
|
ingezuzinza
|
Class 10
|
zizozinza
|
ezizozinza
|
zizozinza
|
azizuzinza
|
ezingezuzinza
|
zingezuzinza
|
Class 11
|
luzozinza
|
oluzozinza
|
luzozinza
|
aluzuzinza
|
olungezuzinza
|
lungezuzinza
|
Class 14
|
buzozinza
|
obuzozinza
|
buzozinza
|
abuzuzinza
|
obungezuzinza
|
bungezuzinza
|
Class 15
|
kuzozinza
|
okuzozinza
|
kuzozinza
|
akuzuzinza
|
okungezuzinza
|
kungezuzinza
|
Class 17
|
kuzozinza
|
okuzozinza
|
kuzozinza
|
akuzuzinza
|
okungezuzinza
|
kungezuzinza
|
|
Remote future
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngiyozinza
|
engiyozinza
|
ngiyozinza
|
angiyuzinza
|
engingeyuzinza
|
ngingeyuzinza
|
2nd singular
|
uyozinza
|
oyozinza
|
uyozinza
|
awuyuzinza
|
ongeyuzinza
|
ungeyuzinza
|
1st plural
|
siyozinza
|
esiyozinza
|
siyozinza
|
asiyuzinza
|
esingeyuzinza
|
singeyuzinza
|
2nd plural
|
niyozinza
|
eniyozinza
|
niyozinza
|
aniyuzinza
|
eningeyuzinza
|
ningeyuzinza
|
Class 1
|
uyozinza
|
oyozinza
|
eyozinza
|
akayuzinza
|
ongeyuzinza
|
engeyuzinza
|
Class 2
|
bayozinza
|
abayozinza
|
beyozinza
|
abayuzinza
|
abangeyuzinza
|
bengeyuzinza
|
Class 3
|
uyozinza
|
oyozinza
|
uyozinza
|
awuyuzinza
|
ongeyuzinza
|
ungeyuzinza
|
Class 4
|
iyozinza
|
eyozinza
|
iyozinza
|
ayiyuzinza
|
engeyuzinza
|
ingeyuzinza
|
Class 5
|
liyozinza
|
eliyozinza
|
liyozinza
|
aliyuzinza
|
elingeyuzinza
|
lingeyuzinza
|
Class 6
|
ayozinza
|
ayozinza
|
eyozinza
|
awayuzinza
|
angeyuzinza
|
engeyuzinza
|
Class 7
|
siyozinza
|
esiyozinza
|
siyozinza
|
asiyuzinza
|
esingeyuzinza
|
singeyuzinza
|
Class 8
|
ziyozinza
|
eziyozinza
|
ziyozinza
|
aziyuzinza
|
ezingeyuzinza
|
zingeyuzinza
|
Class 9
|
iyozinza
|
eyozinza
|
iyozinza
|
ayiyuzinza
|
engeyuzinza
|
ingeyuzinza
|
Class 10
|
ziyozinza
|
eziyozinza
|
ziyozinza
|
aziyuzinza
|
ezingeyuzinza
|
zingeyuzinza
|
Class 11
|
luyozinza
|
oluyozinza
|
luyozinza
|
aluyuzinza
|
olungeyuzinza
|
lungeyuzinza
|
Class 14
|
buyozinza
|
obuyozinza
|
buyozinza
|
abuyuzinza
|
obungeyuzinza
|
bungeyuzinza
|
Class 15
|
kuyozinza
|
okuyozinza
|
kuyozinza
|
akuyuzinza
|
okungeyuzinza
|
kungeyuzinza
|
Class 17
|
kuyozinza
|
okuyozinza
|
kuyozinza
|
akuyuzinza
|
okungeyuzinza
|
kungeyuzinza
|
|
Present subjunctive
|
|
Positive
|
Negative
|
1st singular
|
ngizinze
|
ngingazinzi
|
2nd singular
|
uzinze
|
ungazinzi
|
1st plural
|
sizinze
|
singazinzi
|
2nd plural
|
nizinze
|
ningazinzi
|
Class 1
|
azinze
|
angazinzi
|
Class 2
|
bazinze
|
bangazinzi
|
Class 3
|
uzinze
|
ungazinzi
|
Class 4
|
izinze
|
ingazinzi
|
Class 5
|
lizinze
|
lingazinzi
|
Class 6
|
azinze
|
angazinzi
|
Class 7
|
sizinze
|
singazinzi
|
Class 8
|
zizinze
|
zingazinzi
|
Class 9
|
izinze
|
ingazinzi
|
Class 10
|
zizinze
|
zingazinzi
|
Class 11
|
luzinze
|
lungazinzi
|
Class 14
|
buzinze
|
bungazinzi
|
Class 15
|
kuzinze
|
kungazinzi
|
Class 17
|
kuzinze
|
kungazinzi
|
|
Past subjunctive
|
|
Positive
|
Negative
|
1st singular
|
ngazinza
|
ngangazinza, angazinza, angangazinza
|
2nd singular
|
wazinza
|
wangazinza, awazinza, awangazinza
|
1st plural
|
sazinza
|
sangazinza, asazinza, asangazinza
|
2nd plural
|
nazinza
|
nangazinza, anazinza, anangazinza
|
Class 1
|
wazinza
|
wangazinza, akazinza, akangazinza
|
Class 2
|
bazinza
|
bangazinza, abazinza, abangazinza
|
Class 3
|
wazinza
|
wangazinza, awazinza, awangazinza
|
Class 4
|
yazinza
|
yangazinza, ayazinza, ayangazinza
|
Class 5
|
lazinza
|
langazinza, alazinza, alangazinza
|
Class 6
|
azinza
|
angazinza, awazinza, awangazinza
|
Class 7
|
sazinza
|
sangazinza, asazinza, asangazinza
|
Class 8
|
zazinza
|
zangazinza, azazinza, azangazinza
|
Class 9
|
yazinza
|
yangazinza, ayazinza, ayangazinza
|
Class 10
|
zazinza
|
zangazinza, azazinza, azangazinza
|
Class 11
|
lwazinza
|
lwangazinza, alwazinza, alwangazinza
|
Class 14
|
bazinza
|
bangazinza, abazinza, abangazinza
|
Class 15
|
kwazinza
|
kwangazinza, akwazinza, akwangazinza
|
Class 17
|
kwazinza
|
kwangazinza, akwazinza, akwangazinza
|