virar
Catalan
editEtymology
editInherited from Vulgar Latin *virāre, probably from Latin vibrāre (in which case it is a doublet of vibrar). Other possibilities include an alteration of gȳrō (source of the synonym girar) or a derivation from Gaulish *viru (“to deviate, veer off”), itself derived from viros (“round, crooked”). Compare Italian virare, French virer.
Pronunciation
editVerb
editvirar (first-person singular present viro, first-person singular preterite virí, past participle virat)
- (intransitive) to turn (to change one's direction of travel)
- Synonym: girar
- (intransitive, nautical) to tack
- (transitive) to turn (to change the direction or orientation of)
- (transitive, photography) to tone
Conjugation
editinfinitive | virar | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gerund | virant | ||||||
past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
singular | virat | virada | |||||
plural | virats | virades | |||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | jo | tu | ell/ella vostè |
nosaltres nós |
vosaltres vós |
ells/elles vostès | |
present | viro | vires | vira | virem | vireu | viren | |
imperfect | virava | viraves | virava | viràvem | viràveu | viraven | |
future | viraré | viraràs | virarà | virarem | virareu | viraran | |
preterite | virí | virares | virà | viràrem | viràreu | viraren | |
conditional | viraria | viraries | viraria | viraríem | viraríeu | virarien | |
subjunctive | jo | tu | ell/ella vostè |
nosaltres nós |
vosaltres vós |
ells/elles vostès | |
present | viri | viris | viri | virem | vireu | virin | |
imperfect | virés | viressis | virés | viréssim | viréssiu | viressin | |
imperative | — | tu | vostè | nosaltres | vosaltres vós |
vostès | |
affirmative | — | vira | viri | virem | vireu | virin | |
negative (no) | — | no viris | no viri | no virem | no vireu | no virin |
Derived terms
editFurther reading
edit- “virar” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
- “virar”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2024
- “virar” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
- “virar” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
Galician
editEtymology
editAttested since the 15th century. Probably from Old French virer,[1] ultimately from Celtic, from Proto-Indo-European *weh₁y- (“to twist”).[2][3] Compare Breton gwar (“curved”), from Proto-Celtic *wēro- (“crooked”).[4] Alternatively from Vulgar Latin *virō, probably from Latin vibrō.
Pronunciation
editVerb
editvirar (first-person singular present viro, first-person singular preterite virei, past participle virado)
- (transitive, intransitive) to turn, rotate
- Synonym: xirar
- 1432, Antonio Fernández Salgado, editor, A documentación medieval de San Bieito do Campo, Santiago: USC, page 74:
- prometemos de o teer, conprir e agardar e nõ virarmos contra elo
- we promise to keep [this deal], to fulfill it, and to don't turn against it
- (transitive) to turn upside down
- (takes a reflexive pronoun) to become; to alter in manner or appearance
Conjugation
editSingular | Plural | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
First-person (eu) |
Second-person (ti) |
Third-person (el / ela / Vde.) |
First-person (nós) |
Second-person (vós) |
Third-person (eles / elas / Vdes.) | |
Infinitive | ||||||
Impersonal | virar | |||||
Personal | virar | virares | virar | virarmos | virardes | viraren |
Gerund | ||||||
virando | ||||||
Past participle | ||||||
Masculine | virado | virados | ||||
Feminine | virada | viradas | ||||
Indicative | ||||||
Present | viro | viras | vira | viramos | virades | viran |
Imperfect | viraba | virabas | viraba | virabamos | virabades | viraban |
Preterite | virei | viraches | virou | viramos | virastes | viraron |
Pluperfect | virara | viraras | virara | viraramos | virarades | viraran |
Future | virarei | virarás | virará | viraremos | viraredes | virarán |
Conditional | viraría | virarías | viraría | virariamos | virariades | virarían |
Subjunctive | ||||||
Present | vire | vires | vire | viremos | viredes | viren |
Imperfect | virase | virases | virase | virásemos | virásedes | virasen |
Future | virar | virares | virar | virarmos | virardes | viraren |
Imperative | ||||||
Affirmative | vira | vire | viremos | virade | viren | |
Negative (non) | non vires | non vire | non viremos | non viredes | non viren |
1Less recommended.
Derived terms
editReferences
edit- Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “virar”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: ILG
- Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “virar”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
- “virar”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, since 2012
- Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “virar”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
- “virar” in Dicionário Estraviz de galego (2014).
- Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “virar”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN
- ^ Pensado, José Luis, Messner, Dieter (2003) “bira”, in Bachiller Olea: Vocabulos gallegos escuros: lo que quieren decir (Cadernos de Lingua: anexos; 7)[1], A Coruña: Real Academia Galega / Galaxia, →ISBN
- ^ Joan Coromines, José A. Pascual (1983–1991) “virar”, in Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico (in Spanish), Madrid: Gredos
- ^ Grzega, Joachim (2001) Romania Gallica Cisalpina etymologisch-geolinguistische Studien zu den oberitalienisch-rätoromanischen Keltizismen[2], Tübingen: M. Niemeyer, →ISBN, page 260 – via De Gruyter.
- ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN
Occitan
editEtymology
editFrom Late Latin virō.
Pronunciation
editVerb
editvirar
- to turn
Conjugation
editsimple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | virar | aver virat | |||||
gerund | virant | use gerund of aver past participle | |||||
past participle | virat | — | |||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
present | viri | viras | vira | viram | viratz | viran | |
imperfect | viravi | viravas | virava | viràvem | viràvetz | viravan | |
preterite | virèri | virères | virèt | virèrem | virèretz | virèron | |
future | virarai | viraràs | virarà | virarem | viraretz | viraràn | |
conditional | virariái | virariás | virariá | virariam | virariatz | virarián | |
conditional 2nd form1 | virèra | virèras | virèra | vireram | vireratz | virèran | |
compound tenses |
present perfect | use the present tense of aver past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect tense of aver past participle | ||||||
past anterior | use the preterite tense of aver past participle | ||||||
future perfect | use the future tense of aver past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | use the conditional tense of aver past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
present | vire | vires | vire | virem | viretz | viren | |
imperfect | virèssi | virèsses | virèsse | virèssem | virèssetz | virèsson | |
compound tenses |
past | use the present subjunctive of aver past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect subjunctive of aver past participle | ||||||
imperative | — | tu | — | nosautres | vosautres | — | |
vira | virem | viratz | 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects | ||||
simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | virar | aver virat | |||||
gerund | virant | use gerund of aver past participle | |||||
past participle | virat | — | |||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
present | vire | vires | vira | viram | viratz | viron | |
imperfect | virave | viraves | virava | viraviam | viraviatz | viravon | |
preterite | virere | vireres | viret | virem | viretz | vireron | |
future | virarai | viraràs | virará | virarem | viraretz | virarán | |
conditional | virariá | virariás | virariá | virariam | virariatz | virarián | |
conditional 2nd form1 | virèra | virèras | virèra | vireram | vireratz | virèran | |
compound tenses |
present perfect | use the present tense of aver past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect tense of aver past participle | ||||||
past anterior | use the preterite tense of aver past participle | ||||||
future perfect | use the future tense of aver past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | use the conditional tense of aver past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
present | vire | vires | vire | virassiam | virassiatz | viron | |
imperfect | viresse | viresses | viresse | viressiam | viressiatz | viresson | |
compound tenses |
past | use the present subjunctive of aver past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect subjunctive of aver past participle | ||||||
imperative | — | tu | — | nosautres | vosautres | — | |
vira | virassiam | viratz | 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects | ||||
simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | virar | aver virat | |||||
gerund | virant | use gerund of aver past participle | |||||
past participle | virat | — | |||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
present | viri | viras | vira | viram | viratz | viran | |
imperfect | viravi | viravas | virava | viràvam | viràvatz | viravan | |
preterite | virèi | virès | virè | virèm | virètz | virèn | |
future | virarèi | viraràs | virarà | viraram | viraratz | viraràn | |
conditional | virarí | virarés | viraré | virarem | viraretz | virarén | |
conditional 2nd form1 | virèra | virèras | virèra | vireram | vireratz | virèran | |
compound tenses |
present perfect | use the present tense of aver past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect tense of aver past participle | ||||||
past anterior | use the preterite tense of aver past participle | ||||||
future perfect | use the future tense of aver past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | use the conditional tense of aver past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
present | viri | vires | vire | virem | viretz | viren | |
imperfect | virèssi | virèsses | virèsse | virèssem | virèssetz | virèssen | |
compound tenses |
past | use the present subjunctive of aver past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect subjunctive of aver past participle | ||||||
imperative | — | tu | — | nosautres | vosautres | — | |
vira | virem | viratz | 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects | ||||
simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | virar | aver virat | |||||
gerund | virant | use gerund of aver past participle | |||||
past participle | virat | — | |||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
present | vire | viras | vira | viram | viratz | viran | |
imperfect | virava | viravas | virava | viràvam | viràvatz | viravan | |
preterite | virei | vireras | viret | virèram | virèratz | vireran | |
future | virarai | viraràs | virará | virarem | viraretz | virarán | |
conditional | virariá | virariàs | virariá | virariam | virariatz | virarián | |
conditional 2nd form1 | virèra | virèras | virèra | vireram | vireratz | virèran | |
compound tenses |
present perfect | use the present tense of aver past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect tense of aver past participle | ||||||
past anterior | use the preterite tense of aver past participle | ||||||
future perfect | use the future tense of aver past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | use the conditional tense of aver past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
present | vire | vires | vire | virem | viretz | viren | |
imperfect | virèsse | virèsses | virèsse | virèssem | virèssetz | virèssen | |
compound tenses |
past | use the present subjunctive of aver past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect subjunctive of aver past participle | ||||||
imperative | — | tu | — | nosautres | vosautres | — | |
vira | virem | viratz | 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects | ||||
simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | virar | aver virat | |||||
gerund | virant | use gerund of aver past participle | |||||
past participle | virat | — | |||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
present | vire | vires | vira | viram | viratz | viran | |
imperfect | viravi | viravas | virava | viràvem | viràvetz | viravan | |
preterite | virère | virères | virèt | vireriam | vireriatz | virèron | |
future | virarai | viraràs | virarà | virarem | viraretz | viraràn | |
conditional | virariáu | virariás | virariá | virariam | virariatz | virarián | |
conditional 2nd form1 | virèra | virèras | virèra | vireram | vireratz | virèran | |
compound tenses |
present perfect | use the present tense of aver past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect tense of aver past participle | ||||||
past anterior | use the preterite tense of aver past participle | ||||||
future perfect | use the future tense of aver past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | use the conditional tense of aver past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
present | vire | vires | vire | virem | viretz | viran | |
imperfect | virèsse | virèsses | virèsse | viressiam | viressiatz | virèsson | |
compound tenses |
past | use the present subjunctive of aver past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect subjunctive of aver past participle | ||||||
imperative | — | tu | — | nosautres | vosautres | — | |
vira | virem | viratz | 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects | ||||
Derived terms
editPortuguese
editEtymology
editFrom Vulgar Latin *virāre, from Latin gȳrāre or vibrāre.
Pronunciation
edit
Verb
editvirar (first-person singular present viro, first-person singular preterite virei, past participle virado)
- (ergative) to turn (to change direction)
- (ergative) to turn around (to reverse direction)
- (nautical, ergative) to capsize
- (ergative, of an opinion) to topple, to overturn
- (transitive, of a drink) to drink up (to empty a recipient of the liquid therein by drinking it through)
- (ergative, of a stomach) to upset
- (Brazil, colloquial, copulative) to become, to turn into, to transform, to convert
- Synonyms: tornar, transformar, converter
- Ela ter aparecido na TV fez com que ela virasse uma espécie de subcelebridade entre os amigos. ― Her appearing on TV made her becoming a sort of subcelebrity among her friends.
- O cara era o maior vida louca, sério, e ainda assim virou evangélico, do nada! ― The dude was a plain gangsta, really, and even so turned into a born-again Christian, all of a sudden!
- (Brazil, colloquial, reflexive) to make do, to deal with
- Synonyms: resolver, solucionar, lidar, fazer acontecer, encarar, enfrentar, desenrolar, matar no peito
- Ainda não sei muito bem como é que eu vou fazer, mas pode deixar que eu me viro assim mesmo. ― I still don't know how exactly I'm gonna make it, but don't worry, I'll handle it anyway.
- (Brazil, colloquial, reflexive) to get by, to make ends meet, to push forward
- Synonyms: lidar, aguentar, viver, sobreviver, subsistir
- Que é difícil, é, né? Mas Deus ajuda, e a gente vai se virando como pode. ― Yeah, it's difficult, that's right. But God helps, and we keep pushing forward as we can.
- (Brazil, colloquial, ergative) to pull an all-nighter, to stay awake all night
- Synonyms: virar a noite, passar a noite em claro, tresnoitar, transnoitar
- E aí, bora virar hoje jogando um Warzinho? ― So, how about we spend this night playing some Risk?
- A nenê chorou a noite inteira, e eu fui trabalhar virada. ― The baby cried all night long, and I went to work without having slept.
- (Brazil, colloquial, copulative, with preposition "em", chiefly of spiritual entities) to embody, to incarnate
- Synonyms: baixar, receber, incorporar, encarnar, transmutar
- Na Umbanda, até um branco pode virar num Preto-Velho. ― In Umbanda, even a White may receive an Old Black.
- Ontem eu acordei virado no Jiraya ― Yesterday I woke up super stressed (that is, inspired by the Japanese series Sekai Ninja Sen Jiraiya).
- (Brazil, colloquial, copulative, with preposition "em", chiefly of mental states) to strike, to stick, to infatuate
Conjugation
editSingular | Plural | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
First-person (eu) |
Second-person (tu) |
Third-person (ele / ela / você) |
First-person (nós) |
Second-person (vós) |
Third-person (eles / elas / vocês) | |
Infinitive | ||||||
Impersonal | virar | |||||
Personal | virar | virares | virar | virarmos | virardes | virarem |
Gerund | ||||||
virando | ||||||
Past participle | ||||||
Masculine | virado | virados | ||||
Feminine | virada | viradas | ||||
Indicative | ||||||
Present | viro | viras | vira | viramos | virais | viram |
Imperfect | virava | viravas | virava | virávamos | viráveis | viravam |
Preterite | virei | viraste | virou | viramos1, virámos2 | virastes | viraram |
Pluperfect | virara | viraras | virara | viráramos | viráreis | viraram |
Future | virarei | virarás | virará | viraremos | virareis | virarão |
Conditional | viraria | virarias | viraria | viraríamos | viraríeis | virariam |
Subjunctive | ||||||
Present | vire | vires | vire | viremos | vireis | virem |
Imperfect | virasse | virasses | virasse | virássemos | virásseis | virassem |
Future | virar | virares | virar | virarmos | virardes | virarem |
Imperative | ||||||
Affirmative | vira | vire | viremos | virai | virem | |
Negative (não) | não vires | não vire | não viremos | não vireis | não virem |
1Brazilian Portuguese.
2European Portuguese.
Descendants
edit- Macanese: virâ
Further reading
edit- “virar” in Dicionário Aberto based on Novo Diccionário da Língua Portuguesa de Cândido de Figueiredo, 1913
- “virar”, in Michaelis Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), São Paulo: Editora Melhoramentos, 2015–2024
- “virar”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2024
Spanish
editEtymology
editPerhaps from a Vulgar Latin root *virāre, of uncertain origin: possibly of Celtic; (compare Welsh gwyro) or possibly a variation of Latin vibrāre or gȳrāre. See also French virer, Italian virare.
Pronunciation
editVerb
editvirar (first-person singular present viro, first-person singular preterite viré, past participle virado)
Conjugation
editinfinitive | virar | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gerund | virando | ||||||
past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
singular | virado | virada | |||||
plural | virados | viradas | |||||
singular | plural | ||||||
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
indicative | yo | tú vos |
él/ella/ello usted |
nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ellos/ellas ustedes | |
present | viro | virastú virásvos |
vira | viramos | viráis | viran | |
imperfect | viraba | virabas | viraba | virábamos | virabais | viraban | |
preterite | viré | viraste | viró | viramos | virasteis | viraron | |
future | viraré | virarás | virará | viraremos | viraréis | virarán | |
conditional | viraría | virarías | viraría | viraríamos | viraríais | virarían | |
subjunctive | yo | tú vos |
él/ella/ello usted |
nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ellos/ellas ustedes | |
present | vire | virestú virésvos2 |
vire | viremos | viréis | viren | |
imperfect (ra) |
virara | viraras | virara | viráramos | virarais | viraran | |
imperfect (se) |
virase | virases | virase | virásemos | viraseis | virasen | |
future1 | virare | virares | virare | viráremos | virareis | viraren | |
imperative | — | tú vos |
usted | nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ustedes | |
affirmative | viratú virávos |
vire | viremos | virad | viren | ||
negative | no vires | no vire | no viremos | no viréis | no viren |
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.
Derived terms
editFurther reading
edit- “virar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014
Swedish
editVerb
editvirar
- Catalan terms inherited from Vulgar Latin
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