utor
Latin
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Italic *oitōr (with ūsus for *issus after ūtor), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *h₃eyt- (“to take along, fetch”). Compare the future tense οἴσω (oísō) of Ancient Greek φέρω (phérō, “carry”).
Pronunciation
edit- (Classical Latin) IPA(key): /ˈuː.tor/, [ˈuːt̪ɔr]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈu.tor/, [ˈuːt̪or]
Verb
editūtor (present infinitive ūtī, perfect active ūsus sum); third conjugation, deponent
- to use, make use of, employ
- late 1st c. BC, Livy, Ab Urbe Condita 22.51 (reportedly said by Hasdrubal, Hannibal's brother, when Hannibal failed to invade Rome after his victory at Cannae)
- Vincere scīs, Hannibal, victōriā ūtī nescīs.
- You know how to obtain victory, Hannibal, but you do not know how to use it.
- late 1st c. BC, Livy, Ab Urbe Condita 22.51 (reportedly said by Hasdrubal, Hannibal's brother, when Hannibal failed to invade Rome after his victory at Cannae)
- to enjoy, take advantage of
- to experience, undergo, encounter
- Synonym: experior
- to wear, consume
Usage notes
edit- The verb ūtor and others like it, fruor, fungor, potior, vescor, and their compounds, regularly govern the ablative case
- Mīles gladiō ūtitur.
- The soldier uses a sword.
- Quo expeditiore re frumentaria uteretur
- in order that he might make use of the looser supplies of provisions (Caesar, de Bello Gallico, VII, 11)
- Later regularized as ūsō
Conjugation
editConjugation of ūtor (third conjugation, deponent) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
indicative | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
active | present | ūtor | ūteris, ūtere |
ūtitur | ūtimur | ūtiminī | ūtuntur |
imperfect | ūtēbar | ūtēbāris, ūtēbāre |
ūtēbātur | ūtēbāmur | ūtēbāminī | ūtēbantur | |
future | ūtar | ūtēris, ūtēre |
ūtētur | ūtēmur | ūtēminī | ūtentur | |
perfect | ūsus present active indicative of sum | ||||||
pluperfect | ūsus imperfect active indicative of sum | ||||||
future perfect | ūsus future active indicative of sum | ||||||
subjunctive | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
active | present | ūtar | ūtāris, ūtāre |
ūtātur | ūtāmur | ūtāminī | ūtantur |
imperfect | ūterer | ūterēris, ūterēre |
ūterētur | ūterēmur | ūterēminī | ūterentur | |
perfect | ūsus present active subjunctive of sum | ||||||
pluperfect | ūsus imperfect active subjunctive of sum | ||||||
imperative | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
active | present | — | ūtere | — | — | ūtiminī | — |
future | — | ūtitor | ūtitor | — | — | ūtuntor | |
non-finite forms | active | passive | |||||
present | perfect | future | present | perfect | future | ||
infinitives | ūtī | ūsum esse | ūsūrum esse | — | — | — | |
participles | ūtēns | ūsus | ūsūrus | — | — | ūtendus, ūtundus | |
verbal nouns | gerund | supine | |||||
genitive | dative | accusative | ablative | accusative | ablative | ||
ūtendī | ūtendō | ūtendum | ūtendō | ūsum | ūsū |
Derived terms
editReferences
edit- “utor”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “utor”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- utor in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
- Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
- (a state) has its own laws, is autonomous: suis legibus utitur (B. G. 1. 45. 3)
- to use Cicero's expression; to say with Cicero (not ut cum Cicerone loquar): ut Ciceronis verbis utar
- to use the mildest expression: ut levissime dicam (opp. ut gravissimo verbo utar)
- to use this example: ut hoc utar or afferam
- (ambiguous) to have favourable, contrary, winds: ventis secundis, adversis uti
- (ambiguous) to enjoy good health: bona (firma, prospera) valetudine esse or uti (vid. sect. VI. 8., note uti...)
- (ambiguous) to be ill, weakly: infirma, aegra valetudine esse or uti
- (ambiguous) to excuse oneself on the score of health: valetudinis excusatione uti
- (ambiguous) to find one's circumstances altered for the better (the worse): meliore (deteriore) condicione esse, uti
- (ambiguous) to make use of, avail oneself of an opportunity: occasione uti
- (ambiguous) to be fortunate, lucky: fortuna secunda uti
- (ambiguous) to be favoured by Fortune; to bask in Fortune's smiles: fortunae favore or prospero flatu fortunae uti (vid. sect. VI. 8., note uti...)
- (ambiguous) to experience the vicissitudes of fortune; to have a chequered career: varia fortuna uti
- (ambiguous) to solace oneself with the thought..: hoc solacio frui, uti
- (ambiguous) to be friendly with any one: uti aliquo amico
- (ambiguous) to be on very intimate terms with..: uti aliquo familiariter
- (ambiguous) to act in accordance with one's convictions: suo iudicio uti
- (ambiguous) to adopt half-measures: mediocribus consiliis uti
- (ambiguous) to go one's own way, proceed independently: suo consilio uti
- (ambiguous) to receive instruction from some one: disciplina alicuius uti, magistro aliquo uti
- (ambiguous) to quote an example: exemplo uti
- (ambiguous) to have as authority for a thing: auctore aliquo uti ad aliquid
- (ambiguous) to make a joke: ioco uti (Off. 1. 29. 103)
- (ambiguous) to make witty remarks: facetiis uti, facetum esse
- (ambiguous) to employ carefully chosen expressions: lectissimis verbis uti (De Or. 3. 37)
- (ambiguous) to employ a comparison, simile: simili uti
- (ambiguous) to possess presence of mind: praesenti animo uti (vid. sect. VI. 8, note uti...)
- (ambiguous) to behave with cruelty: crudelitate uti (vid. sect. VI. 8, note uti...)
- (ambiguous) to use threats: minis uti
- (ambiguous) to be endowed with reason: ratione praeditum esse, uti
- (ambiguous) to behave with moderation: temperantia uti
- (ambiguous) to have no principles: omnia temere agere, nullo iudicio uti
- (ambiguous) to enjoy a person's hospitality: hospitio alicuius uti
- (ambiguous) to be on intimate terms with some one: uti aliquo (familiariter)
- (ambiguous) to be on intimate terms with some one: alicuius familiaritate uti
- (ambiguous) to grant a people its independence: populum liberum esse, libertate uti, sui iuris esse pati
- (ambiguous) to use some one's evidence: aliquo teste uti
- (ambiguous) to use javelins at a distance, swords at close quarters: eminus hastis, comminus gladiis uti
- (ambiguous) to fight successfully: proeliis secundis uti
- (a state) has its own laws, is autonomous: suis legibus utitur (B. G. 1. 45. 3)
- Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
Slovene
editAlternative forms
editEtymology
editInherited from Proto-Slavic *ǫtorъ.
Pronunciation
editNoun
editutȍr m inan
- cut
Further reading
edit- “utor”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
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