toga

See also: Toga, TOGA, togă, togą, tóga, Tóga, and tɔgã

English

A toga.

Etymology

Borrowed directly from Latin toga, from tegō (“I clothe”). Doublet of toge. The Philippine (and Indonesian) senses are due to the resemblance of the white ceremonial gowns worn by graduates of institutions to the loose outer garment worn by the citizens of Ancient Rome.

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA^(key): /ˈtəʊ.ɡə/

• Audio (Southern England):

  (file)

• (US) IPA^(key): /ˈtoʊ.ɡə/

• Audio (US):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -əʊɡə

Noun

toga (plural togas or togae or togæ)

1. A loose outer garment worn by the citizens of Ancient Rome.
   • 1899 February, Joseph Conrad, “The Heart of Darkness”, in Blackwood’s Edinburgh Magazine, volume CLXV, number M, New York, N.Y.: The Leonard Scott Publishing Company, […], →OCLC, part I, page 196:

     Or think of a decent young citizen in a toga - perhaps too much dice, you know - coming out here in the train of some prefect, or tax-gatherer, or trader even, to mend his fortunes.

2. A loose wrap gown.
3. (Philippines, Indonesia) cap and gown; ceremonial gown or robe (worn by a graduate, lawyer, judge, professor etc.)

Synonyms

• toge (obsolete)

Derived terms

• togaed
• toga party

Related terms

• togate

Translations

loose outer garment worn by the citizens of Ancient Rome

• Catalan: toga (ca) f
• Czech: tóga (cs) f
• Danish: toga c
• Esperanto: togo
• Finnish: tooga (fi)
• French: toge (fr) f

  Middle French: togue f

• Galician: toga f
• German: Toga (de) f
• Greek: τόγκα f (tógka), τήβεννος (el) f (tívennos)
• Hungarian: tóga (hu)
• Italian: toga (it) f
• Korean: 토가 (ko) (toga)
• Latin: toga (la) f
• Maltese: toga f
• Marathi: टोगा m (ṭogā)
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: toga m

  Nynorsk: toga m

• Polish: toga (pl) f
• Portuguese: toga (pt) f
• Romanian: togă (ro) f
• Russian: то́га (ru) f (tóga)
• Slovak: tóga f
• Spanish: toga (es) f
• Turkish: toga (tr)

loose wrap gown

• Finnish: tooga (fi)
• German: Toga (de) f
• Italian: toga (it) f
• Marathi: टोगा m (ṭogā)
• Polish: toga (pl) f
• Russian: то́га (ru) f (tóga)
• Spanish: toga (es) f

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

Translations to be checked

• Hebrew: ^{(please verify)} טוגה (toga) f
• Slovak: ^{(please verify)} tóga f

See also

• chiton

Anagrams

• G. O. A. T., G.O.A.T., GOAT, Goat, Gøta, atgo, go at, goat

Cebuano

Noun

toga

1. an academic gown
2. (historical) loose outer garment worn by the citizens of Rome

Dutch

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin toga.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈtoː.ɣaː/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: to‧ga
• Rhymes: -oːɣaː

Noun

toga f (plural toga's, diminutive togaatje n)

1. (historical) a toga, an outer garment worn by Roman patrician men
2. a gown worn by academics, Christian priests or ministers, and certain members of the legal profession

Hypernyms

• ambtskleed

Descendants

• Afrikaans: toga

Faroese

Etymology

From Old Norse toga, from Proto-Germanic *tugōną; cognate with English tow.

Verb

toga (third person singular past indicative togaði, third person plural past indicative togaðu, supine togað)

1. to pull

Conjugation

Conjugation of toga (group v-30)
infinitive	toga
supine	togað
participle (a6)1	togandi	togaður
	present	past
first singular	togi	togaði
second singular	togar	togaði
third singular	togar	togaði
plural	toga	togaðu
	imperative
singular	toga!
plural	togið!
1Only the past participle being declined.

Finnish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈto(ː)ɡɑ/, [ˈt̪o̞(ː)ɡɑ̝]
• Rhymes: -oɡɑ
• Syllabification^(key): to‧ga

Noun

toga

1. Alternative form of tooga

Declension

Inflection of toga (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation)
nominative		toga	togat
genitive		togan	togien
partitive		togaa	togia
illative		togaan	togiin
		singular	plural
nominative		toga	togat
accusative	nom.	toga	togat
	gen.	togan
genitive		togan	togien togain rare
partitive		togaa	togia
inessive		togassa	togissa
elative		togasta	togista
illative		togaan	togiin
adessive		togalla	togilla
ablative		togalta	togilta
allative		togalle	togille
essive		togana	togina
translative		togaksi	togiksi
abessive		togatta	togitta
instructive		—	togin
comitative		See the possessive forms below.

Possessive forms of toga (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation)

first-person singular possessor singular plural nominative togani togani accusative nom. togani togani gen. togani genitive togani togieni togaini rare partitive togaani togiani inessive togassani togissani elative togastani togistani illative togaani togiini adessive togallani togillani ablative togaltani togiltani allative togalleni togilleni essive toganani toginani translative togakseni togikseni abessive togattani togittani instructive — — comitative — togineni second-person singular possessor singular plural nominative togasi togasi accusative nom. togasi togasi gen. togasi genitive togasi togiesi togaisi rare partitive togaasi togiasi inessive togassasi togissasi elative togastasi togistasi illative togaasi togiisi adessive togallasi togillasi ablative togaltasi togiltasi allative togallesi togillesi essive toganasi toginasi translative togaksesi togiksesi abessive togattasi togittasi instructive — — comitative — toginesi first-person plural possessor singular plural nominative togamme togamme accusative nom. togamme togamme gen. togamme genitive togamme togiemme togaimme rare partitive togaamme togiamme inessive togassamme togissamme elative togastamme togistamme illative togaamme togiimme adessive togallamme togillamme ablative togaltamme togiltamme allative togallemme togillemme essive toganamme toginamme translative togaksemme togiksemme abessive togattamme togittamme instructive — — comitative — toginemme second-person plural possessor singular plural nominative toganne toganne accusative nom. toganne toganne gen. toganne genitive toganne togienne togainne rare partitive togaanne togianne inessive togassanne togissanne elative togastanne togistanne illative togaanne togiinne adessive togallanne togillanne ablative togaltanne togiltanne allative togallenne togillenne essive togananne toginanne translative togaksenne togiksenne abessive togattanne togittanne instructive — — comitative — toginenne third-person possessor singular plural nominative togansa togansa accusative nom. togansa togansa gen. togansa genitive togansa togiensa togainsa rare partitive togaansa togiaan togiansa inessive togassaan togassansa togissaan togissansa elative togastaan togastansa togistaan togistansa illative togaansa togiinsa adessive togallaan togallansa togillaan togillansa ablative togaltaan togaltansa togiltaan togiltansa allative togalleen togallensa togilleen togillensa essive toganaan toganansa toginaan toginansa translative togakseen togaksensa togikseen togiksensa abessive togattaan togattansa togittaan togittansa instructive — — comitative — togineen toginensa

Further reading

• “toga”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja‎^[1] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03

Anagrams

• gota

Icelandic

Etymology

From Old Norse toga, from Proto-Germanic *tugōną; cognate with English tow.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈtʰɔːɣa/

  Rhymes: -ɔːɣa

Verb

toga (weak verb, third-person singular past indicative togaði, supine togað)

1. (transitive, intransitive, governs the accusative) to pull, to draw, to tug
2. (transitive, intransitive, governs the accusative) to trawl

Inflection

toga — active voice (germynd)

infinitive (nafnháttur)		að toga
supine (sagnbót)		togað
present participle (lýsingarháttur nútíðar)		togandi
	indicative (framsöguháttur)			subjunctive (viðtengingarháttur)
present (nútíð)	ég toga	við togum	present (nútíð)	ég togi	við togum
	þú togar	þið togið		þú togir	þið togið
	hann, hún, það togar	þeir, þær, þau toga		hann, hún, það togi	þeir, þær, þau togi
past (þátíð)	ég togaði	við toguðum	past (þátíð)	ég togaði	við toguðum
	þú togaðir	þið toguðuð		þú togaðir	þið toguðuð
	hann, hún, það togaði	þeir, þær, þau toguðu		hann, hún, það togaði	þeir, þær, þau toguðu
imperative (boðháttur)	toga (þú)	togið (þið)
	Forms with appended personal pronoun
	togaðu	togiði *
* Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred.

togast — mediopassive voice (miðmynd)

infinitive (nafnháttur)		að togast
supine (sagnbót)		togast
present participle (lýsingarháttur nútíðar)		togandist ** ** the mediopassive present participle is extremely rare and normally not used; it is never used attributively or predicatively, only for explicatory subclauses
	indicative (framsöguháttur)			subjunctive (viðtengingarháttur)
present (nútíð)	ég togast	við togumst	present (nútíð)	ég togist	við togumst
	þú togast	þið togist		þú togist	þið togist
	hann, hún, það togast	þeir, þær, þau togast		hann, hún, það togist	þeir, þær, þau togist
past (þátíð)	ég togaðist	við toguðumst	past (þátíð)	ég togaðist	við toguðumst
	þú togaðist	þið toguðust		þú togaðist	þið toguðust
	hann, hún, það togaðist	þeir, þær, þau toguðust		hann, hún, það togaðist	þeir, þær, þau toguðust
imperative (boðháttur)	togast (þú)	togist (þið)
	Forms with appended personal pronoun
	togastu	togisti *
* Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred.

togaður — past participle (lýsingarháttur þátíðar)

strong declension (sterk beyging)	singular (eintala)				plural (fleirtala)
	masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)		masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)
nominative (nefnifall)	togaður	toguð	togað		togaðir	togaðar	toguð
accusative (þolfall)	togaðan	togaða	togað		togaða	togaðar	toguð
dative (þágufall)	toguðum	togaðri	toguðu		toguðum	toguðum	toguðum
genitive (eignarfall)	togaðs	togaðrar	togaðs		togaðra	togaðra	togaðra
weak declension (veik beyging)	singular (eintala)				plural (fleirtala)
	masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)		masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)
nominative (nefnifall)	togaði	togaða	togaða		toguðu	toguðu	toguðu
accusative (þolfall)	togaða	toguðu	togaða		toguðu	toguðu	toguðu
dative (þágufall)	togaða	toguðu	togaða		toguðu	toguðu	toguðu
genitive (eignarfall)	togaða	toguðu	togaða		toguðu	toguðu	toguðu

Synonyms

• (pull): draga

Derived terms

• hártogun
• hlaupa eins og fætur toga (to run as fast as one can)
• toga í eitthvað (to pull on something)
• togast
• togast á um (to fight over something, to contend for something)

Italian

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin toga.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈtɔ.ɡa/
• Rhymes: -ɔɡa
• Hyphenation: tò‧ga

Noun

toga f (plural toghe)

1. toga
2. gown, robe
3. magistrate, judge
4. (by extension) lawyer

Related terms

• togale
• togato

Anagrams

• Tago, gota, tago

Japanese

Romanization

toga

1. Rōmaji transcription of とが

Latin

statua cum toga (statue with toga)

Etymology

From Proto-Italic *togā, from Proto-Indo-European *togéh₂ (“cover”), from *(s)teg- (“to cover”) (whence tegō).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈto.ɡa/, [ˈt̪ɔɡä]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈto.ɡa/, [ˈt̪ɔːɡä]

Noun

toga f (genitive togae); first declension

1. toga

   Toga candida.

   Pure white toga.

2. a garment
3. a roof
4. (figuratively) a client
5. (figuratively) peace

Declension

First-declension noun.

	singular	plural
nominative	toga	togae
genitive	togae	togārum
dative	togae	togīs
accusative	togam	togās
ablative	togā	togīs
vocative	toga	togae

Derived terms

• epitogium
• toga alba
• toga candida
• toga picta
• toga praetexta
• toga pulla
• toga pura
• toga trabea
• toga virilis
• togāta
• togātārius
• togātulus
• togātus
• togula

 

Descendants

• → English: toga
• → French: toge
• → Italian: toga
• → Spanish: toga

References

• “toga”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• toga in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[2], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to assume the toga virilis: togam virilem (puram) sumere
    

Northern Sami

Etymology

Borrowed from Norwegian tog, Swedish tåg.

Pronunciation

• (Kautokeino) IPA^(key): /ˈtʰoːka/

Noun

tōga

1. (Norway, Sweden) train

   Synonym: juná

Inflection

Even a-stem, no gradation
Nominative	tōga
Genitive	tōga
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	tōga	tōgat
Accusative	tōga	tōgaid
Genitive	tōga	tōgaid
Illative	tōgii	tōgaide
Locative	tōgas	tōgain
Comitative	tōgain	tōgaiguin
Essive	tōgan
Possessive forms Singular Dual Plural 1st person tōgan tōgame tōgamet 2nd person tōgat tōgade tōgadet 3rd person tōgas tōgaska tōgaset

Further reading

• Koponen, Eino, Ruppel, Klaas, Aapala, Kirsti, editors (2002–2008), Álgu database: Etymological database of the Saami languages‎^[3], Helsinki: Research Institute for the Languages of Finland

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology 1

Alternative forms

• togene

Noun

toga n

1. definite plural of tog

Etymology 2

From Latin toga.

Noun

toga m (definite singular togaen, indefinite plural togaer, definite plural togaene)

1. a toga (Roman garment)

References

• “toga” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
• “toga” in Det Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB).

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology 1

Noun

toga n

1. definite plural of tog

Etymology 2

From Latin toga.

Noun

toga m (definite singular togaen, indefinite plural togaer or togaar, definite plural togaene or togaane)

1. a toga (Roman garment)

References

• “toga” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Old English

Alternative forms

• toha

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *togō (“leader”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈto.ɡɑ/, [ˈto.ɣɑ]

Noun

toga m

1. leader (only found in compounds)

Derived terms

• folctoga
• heretoga

Related terms

• ġetoht
• tohte

References

• Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller (1898) “toga”, in An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary‎^[4], 2nd edition, Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Old Irish

Alternative forms

• tog

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈtoɣa/

Verb

toga

1. second-person singular imperative of do·goa

Mutation

Old Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Nasalization
toga	thoga	toga pronounced with /d(ʲ)-/
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Old Norse

Etymology 1

From Proto-Germanic *tugōną.

Verb

toga

1. to draw, pull, stretch

Conjugation

Conjugation of toga — active (weak class 2)

infinitive	toga
present participle	togandi
past participle	togaðr
indicative	present	past
1st-person singular	toga	togaða
2nd-person singular	togar	togaðir
3rd-person singular	togar	togaði
1st-person plural	togum	toguðum
2nd-person plural	togið	toguðuð
3rd-person plural	toga	toguðu
subjunctive	present	past
1st-person singular	toga	togaða
2nd-person singular	togir	togaðir
3rd-person singular	togi	togaði
1st-person plural	togim	togaðim
2nd-person plural	togið	togaðið
3rd-person plural	togi	togaði
imperative	present
2nd-person singular	toga
1st-person plural	togum
2nd-person plural	togið

Conjugation of toga — mediopassive (weak class 2)

infinitive	togask
present participle	togandisk
past participle	togazk
indicative	present	past
1st-person singular	togumk	toguðumk
2nd-person singular	togask	togaðisk
3rd-person singular	togask	togaðisk
1st-person plural	togumsk	toguðumsk
2nd-person plural	togizk	toguðuzk
3rd-person plural	togask	toguðusk
subjunctive	present	past
1st-person singular	togumk	toguðumk
2nd-person singular	togisk	togaðisk
3rd-person singular	togisk	togaðisk
1st-person plural	togimsk	togaðimsk
2nd-person plural	togizk	togaðizk
3rd-person plural	togisk	togaðisk
imperative	present
2nd-person singular	togask
1st-person plural	togumsk
2nd-person plural	togizk

Descendants

• Faroese: toga
• Icelandic: toga
• Norwegian Nynorsk: toge

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Noun

toga

1. indefinite genitive plural of tog

References

• “toga”, in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press

Polish

toga sense 1

toga sense 2

toga sense 4

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin toga.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈtɔ.ɡa/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɔɡa
• Syllabification: to‧ga

Noun

toga f

2. (Ancient Rome, historical) toga (traditional garment of men in Ancient Rome, corresponding to the stola worn by women)

   Coordinate term: stola

4. (education) academic dress (traditional form of clothing for academic settings, mainly tertiary (and sometimes secondary) education, worn mainly by those who have obtained a university degree (or similar), or hold a status that entitles them to assume them (e.g., undergraduate students at certain old universities))
5. (law) toga (long, loose outfit of judges, lawyers, and prosecutors, worn for official occasions)
7. (Protestantism) toga (robe of evangelical clergy)

Declension

Declension of toga

	singular	plural
nominative	toga	togi
genitive	togi	tog/tóg
dative	todze	togom
accusative	togę	togi
instrumental	togą	togami
locative	todze	togach
vocative	togo	togi

Related terms

nouns

• togat

 

Further reading

• toga in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• toga in Polish dictionaries at PWN
• toga in PWN's encyclopedia

Portuguese

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈtɔ.ɡɐ/

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈtɔ.ɡɐ/
  • (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈtɔ.ɡa/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈtɔ.ɡɐ/ [ˈtɔ.ɣɐ]

• Hyphenation: to‧ga

Noun

toga f (plural togas)

1. toga (loose outer garment worn by the citizens of ancient Rome)

Samoan

Etymology

See also Malay tengah (“centre”) and Maori tonga (“south”)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /to.ŋa/

Noun

toga

1. south

Adjective

toga

1. southern

Derived terms

• Toga (“Tonga”)

Serbo-Croatian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /tǒːɡa/
• Hyphenation: to‧ga

Etymology 1

Noun

tóga f (Cyrillic spelling то́га)

1. toga, gown

Declension

Declension of toga

	singular	plural
nominative	toga	toge
genitive	toge	toga
dative	togi	togama
accusative	togu	toge
vocative	togo	toge
locative	togi	togama
instrumental	togom	togama

Further reading

• “toga”, in Hrvatski jezični portal (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2024

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Pronoun

toga

1. inflection of taj:
   1. genitive masculine/neuter
   2. accusative masculine animate

Slovene

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *tǫga.

Noun

tọ́ga f

1. sadness (state/emotion)

   Synonym: žálost

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Latin toga.

Noun

tọ́ga f

1. toga (garment worn by the citizens of Ancient Rome)

Etymology 3

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Adjective

tóga

1. inflection of tog:
   1. masculine nominative/accusative dual
   2. feminine nominative singular
   3. neuter nominative/accusative plural

Further reading

• “toga”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU (in Slovene), 2014–2024

Spanish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈtoɡa/ [ˈt̪o.ɣ̞a]
• Rhymes: -oɡa
• Syllabification: to‧ga

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Latin toga.

Noun

toga f (plural togas)

1. toga
2. (ceremonial) gown; (ceremonial) robe (worn by a lawyer, judge, graduate, professor etc.)

Verb

toga

1. only used in se toga, third-person singular present indicative of togarse
2. only used in te ... toga, syntactic variant of tógate, second-person singular imperative of togarse

Etymology 2

Back slang for gato.

Noun

toga m (plural togas)

1. (back slang, slang, Argentina) cat

Further reading

• “toga”, in Diccionario de la lengua española (in Spanish), online version 23.7, Royal Spanish Academy, 2023 November 28

Anagrams

• gato, gota

Tagalog

Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish toga, from Latin toga.

Pronunciation

• (Standard Tagalog) IPA^(key): /ˈtoɡa/ [ˈt̪oː.ɣɐ]
• Rhymes: -oɡa
• Syllabification: to‧ga

Noun

toga (Baybayin spelling ᜆᜓᜄ)

1. cap and gown; ceremonial gown or robe (worn by a graduate, lawyer, judge, professor etc.)
2. toga (garment used by the citizens of ancient Rome)

Derived terms

• magtoga

See also

• sablay

Further reading

• “toga”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018

Anagrams

• gota, taog, tago

West Makian

Etymology

Compare East Makian togal (“to pull”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈt̪o.ɡa/

Verb

toga

1. (transitive) to pull
2. (transitive) to lift up (from water)
3. (transitive) to pull up (an anchor)

Conjugation

Conjugation of toga (action verb)
		singular	plural
			inclusive	exclusive
1st person		totoga	motoga	atoga
2nd person		notoga	fotoga
3rd person	inanimate	itoga	dotoga
	animate
imperative		notoga, toga	fotoga, toga

References

• James Collins (1982) Further Notes Towards a West Makian Vocabulary‎^[5], Pacific linguistics
• Clemens Voorhoeve (1982) The Makian languages and their neighbours‎^[6], Pacific linguistics