tör
See also: Appendix:Variations of "tor"
Hungarian
editEtymology
editOf unknown origin.[1]
Pronunciation
editVerb
edittör
- (transitive) to break
- Middle-voice counterpart: törik
- (intransitive) to strive for something (-ra/-re)
- 1832 (original), 1942 (translation), Goethe, Faust, translation by Zoltán Jékely:
- Kicsoda vagy tehát? / Az erő része, mely / örökké rosszra tör, s örökké jót mível.
- Who art thou, then? / Part of that Power, not understood, / Which always wills the Bad, and always works the Good.
- 1832 (original), 1942 (translation), Goethe, Faust, translation by Zoltán Jékely:
Usage notes
edit- This verb is a member of one of those (few) quasi-homonymous verb pairs that exist both with and without an -ik ending. All (intransitive) suffixed forms of these pairs are identical (sometimes they can even have derived forms that coincide), with the exception of their dictionary form (the third-person singular indicative present, with or without -ik). However, the meaning of these pairs is usually distinct, sometimes unrelated. Examples include (fel)áldoz–(le)áldozik, bán–bánik, (meg)bíz–(meg)bízik, (meg)ér–(meg)érik, esz (rare)–eszik, hajol–hajlik, (felül)múl–(el)múlik, (hozzá)nyúl–nyúlik, (el)vesz–(el)veszik~(el)vész, and tör–törik (along with their verbal prefixes), hall–hallik (archaic), érez–érzik (archaic), sometimes with some difference: (el)hibáz–hibádzik, (le)torkol–torkollik. Therefore one may well need to check the context and the arguments to ascertain which member of the verb pair is relevant.
Conjugation
editconjugation of tör
Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | török | törsz | tör | törünk | törtök | törnek | |
Def. | töröm | töröd | töri | törjük | töritek | törik | |||
2nd-p. o. | törlek | ― | |||||||
Past | Indef. | törtem | törtél | tört | törtünk | törtetek | törtek | ||
Def. | törtem | törted | törte | törtük | törtétek | törték | |||
2nd-p. o. | törtelek | ― | |||||||
Future | Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. törni fog. | ||||||||
Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | törék | törél | töre | törénk | törétek | törének | ||
Def. | törém | töréd | töré | törénk | törétek | törék | |||
2nd-p. o. | törélek | ― | |||||||
Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. tör vala, tört vala/volt. | ||||||||
Archaic Future |
Indef. | törendek | törendesz | törend | törendünk | törendetek | törendenek | ||
Def. | törendem | törended | törendi | törendjük | törenditek | törendik | |||
2nd-p. o. | törendelek | ― | |||||||
Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | törnék | törnél | törne | törnénk | törnétek | törnének | |
Def. | törném | törnéd | törné | törnénk (or törnők) |
törnétek | törnék | |||
2nd-p. o. | törnélek | ― | |||||||
Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. tört volna | ||||||||
Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | törjek | törj or törjél |
törjön | törjünk | törjetek | törjenek | |
Def. | törjem | törd or törjed |
törje | törjük | törjétek | törjék | |||
2nd-p. o. | törjelek | ― | |||||||
(Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. tört légyen | ||||||||
Infinitive | törni | törnöm | törnöd | törnie | törnünk | törnötök | törniük | ||
Other forms |
Verbal noun | Present part. | Past part. | Future part. | Adverbial participle | Causative | |||
törés | törő | tört or törött | törendő | törve (törvén) | |||||
The archaic passive conjugation had the same -(t)at/-(t)et suffix as the causative, followed by -ik in the 3rd-person singular (and the concomitant changes in conditional and subjunctive mostly in the 1st- and 3rd-person singular like with other traditional -ik verbs). | |||||||||
potential conjugation of tör
Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | törhetek | törhetsz | törhet | törhetünk | törhettek | törhetnek | |
Def. | törhetem | törheted | törheti | törhetjük | törhetitek | törhetik | |||
2nd-p. o. | törhetlek | ― | |||||||
Past | Indef. | törhettem | törhettél | törhetett | törhettünk | törhettetek | törhettek | ||
Def. | törhettem | törhetted | törhette | törhettük | törhettétek | törhették | |||
2nd-p. o. | törhettelek | ― | |||||||
Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | törheték | törhetél | törhete | törheténk | törhetétek | törhetének | ||
Def. | törhetém | törhetéd | törheté | törheténk | törhetétek | törheték | |||
2nd-p. o. | törhetélek | ― | |||||||
Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. törhet vala, törhetett vala/volt. | ||||||||
Archaic Future |
Indef. | törhetendek or törandhatok |
törhetendesz or törandhatsz |
törhetend or törandhat |
törhetendünk or törandhatunk |
törhetendetek or törandhattok |
törhetendenek or törandhatnak | ||
Def. | törhetendem or törandhatom |
törhetended or törandhatod |
törhetendi or törandhatja |
törhetendjük or törandhatjuk |
törhetenditek or törandhatjátok |
törhetendik or törandhatják | |||
2nd-p. o. | törhetendelek or törandhatlak |
― | |||||||
Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | törhetnék | törhetnél | törhetne | törhetnénk | törhetnétek | törhetnének | |
Def. | törhetném | törhetnéd | törhetné | törhetnénk (or törhetnők) |
törhetnétek | törhetnék | |||
2nd-p. o. | törhetnélek | ― | |||||||
Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. törhetett volna | ||||||||
Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | törhessek | törhess or törhessél |
törhessen | törhessünk | törhessetek | törhessenek | |
Def. | törhessem | törhesd or törhessed |
törhesse | törhessük | törhessétek | törhessék | |||
2nd-p. o. | törhesselek | ― | |||||||
(Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. törhetett légyen | ||||||||
Inf. | (törhetni) | (törhetnem) | (törhetned) | (törhetnie) | (törhetnünk) | (törhetnetek) | (törhetniük) | ||
Positive adjective | törhető | Neg. adj. | törhetetlen | Adv. part. | (törhetve / törhetvén) | ||||
Derived terms
editCompound words
(With verbal prefixes):
Expressions
References
edit- ^ tör in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)
Further reading
edit- tör in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
Swedish
editAlternative forms
editEtymology
editFrom Old Swedish þora, þøra, þura, from Old Norse þora, of unknown origin. Doublet of töras ("to dare"). Cognate with Old Danish thoræ, thuræ, tørre.
Verb
edittör
- present of torde
- 1791, Dumboms leverne, Johan Henric Kellgren:
- Om det ej ledsnar er att höra, så tör det roa er kanske.
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- 1921, Hjalmar Bergman, Farmor och vår Herre:
- Om hon gjort rätt eller orätt, det tör bli uppenbart på den yttersta dagen.
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
References
editAnagrams
editTurkish
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Turkic *tȫr (“honorary place in the house”). Doublet of dör.
Pronunciation
editNoun
editCategories:
- Hungarian terms with unknown etymologies
- Hungarian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Hungarian/ør
- Rhymes:Hungarian/ør/1 syllable
- Hungarian lemmas
- Hungarian verbs
- Hungarian transitive verbs
- Hungarian intransitive verbs
- Hungarian verbs taking -ra/-re
- Hungarian terms with quotations
- Hungarian three-letter words
- Swedish terms inherited from Old Swedish
- Swedish terms derived from Old Swedish
- Swedish terms inherited from Old Norse
- Swedish terms derived from Old Norse
- Swedish doublets
- Swedish lemmas
- Swedish verbs
- Swedish terms with quotations
- Turkish terms inherited from Proto-Turkic
- Turkish terms derived from Proto-Turkic
- Turkish doublets
- Turkish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Turkish lemmas
- Turkish nouns
- Turkish archaic terms
- Turkish dialectal terms