supple

See also: Supple

English

WOTD – 30 October 2007

Etymology

From Middle English souple, from Old French souple, soupple (“soft, lithe, yielding”), from Latin supplic-, supplex (“suppliant, submissive, kneeling”), of uncertain formation. Either from sub plicō (“bend”) (compare complex), or from sub plācō (“placate”). More at sub-, placate.

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation, US) IPA^(key): /ˈsʌpəl/

• Audio (US):

  (file)

• Audio (General Australian):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ʌpəl

Adjective

supple (comparative suppler, superlative supplest)

1. Pliant, flexible, easy to bend.
   • 2011 July 25, Don Peck, “Can the Middle Class Be Saved?”, in The Atlantic‎^[1]:

     Global supply chains, meanwhile, have grown both tighter and more supple since the late 1990s—the result of improving information technology and of freer trade—making routine work easier to relocate.

2. Lithe and agile when moving and bending.

   supple joints

   supple fingers

   • 1918 February (date written), Katherine Mansfield [pseudonym; Kathleen Mansfield Murry], “Je ne parle pas français”, in Bliss and Other Stories, London: Constable & Company, published 1920, →OCLC, pages 82–83:

     My hands are supple and small. A woman in a bread shop once said to me: “You have the hands for making fine little pastries.”

3. (figuratively) Compliant; yielding to the will of others.

   a supple horse

   • 1693, [John Locke], “§78”, in Some Thoughts Concerning Education, London: […] A[wnsham] and J[ohn] Churchill, […], →OCLC:

     If punishment […] makes not the will supple, it hardens the offender.

4. (oenology) Smooth and drinkable.

Derived terms

• supplejack
• suppleness

 

Translations

pliant, easy to bend

• Bulgarian: гъвкав (bg) (gǎvkav), еластичен (bg) (elastičen)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 柔软 (zh) (róuruǎn)

• Finnish: taipuisa (fi), notkea (fi)
• French: souple (fr)
• German: geschmeidig (de)
• Hungarian: hajlékony (hu)
• Maori: kōngehengehe, pīngawingawi
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: bøyelig (no)

• Occitan: sople (oc), plegadís (oc)
• Romanian: suplu (ro)
• Slovak: poddajný
• Spanish: flexible (es)

lithe and agile when moving and bending

• Bulgarian: гъвкав (bg) (gǎvkav)
• Finnish: taipuisa (fi), notkea (fi)
• French: souple (fr)
• Hungarian: hajlékony (hu), ruganyos (hu), rugalmas (hu)
• Irish: scaoilte
• Maori: moruki, raungawari
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: smidig (no)

• Occitan: sople (oc)
• Swedish: smidig (sv)

compliant

• Bulgarian: податлив (bg) (podatliv)
• Finnish: taipuisa (fi), myöntyvä (fi)
• French: souple (fr)
• Hungarian: engedelmes (hu), szófogadó (hu)
• Italian: duttile (it), malleabile (it)
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: føyelig (no), bøyelig (no)

• Occitan: sople (oc), domètge (oc)

Verb

supple (third-person singular simple present supples, present participle suppling, simple past and past participle suppled)

1. (transitive, intransitive) To make or become supple.
   • 1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book III, Canto V”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, stanza 33:

     The flesh therewith she suppled and did steepe

   • 1717, John Dryden, “Book I”, in Ovid’s Metamorphoses in Fifteen Books. […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC, page 18:

     The Stones (a Miracle to Mortal View, / But long Tradition makes it paſs for true) / Did firſt the Rigour of their Kind expel, / And ſuppled into ſoftneſs, as they fell; […]

2. (transitive) To make compliant, submissive, or obedient.
   • a. 1677, Isaac Barrow, Of contentment, patience and resignation to the will of God:

     They should supple our stiff wilfulness.

   • 1693, [John Locke], “§78”, in Some Thoughts Concerning Education, London: […] A[wnsham] and J[ohn] Churchill, […], →OCLC:

     a mother persisting till she had bent her daughter's mind and suppled her will

Translations

to make or become supple

• Hungarian: hajlékonnyá tesz/válik, betör (hu), megtör (hu)
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: mykne

Anagrams

• peplus

Latin

Verb

supplē

1. second-person singular present active imperative of suppleō