soul

See also: Soul, soûl, and Söul

English

Etymology 1

From Middle English soule, sowle, saule, sawle, from Old English sāwol (“soul, life, spirit, being”), from Proto-West Germanic *saiwalu, from Proto-Germanic *saiwalō (“soul”), of uncertain ultimate origin (see there for further information). Cognate with Scots saul, sowel (“soul”), North Frisian siel, sial (“soul”), Saterland Frisian Seele (“soul”), West Frisian siel (“soul”), Dutch ziel (“soul”), German Seele (“soul”) Scandinavian homonyms seem to have been borrowed from Old Saxon *siala. Modern Danish sjæl, Swedish själ, Norwegian sjel, Icelandic sál, Finnish sielu may have come from Old English sāwol.

Alternative forms

• sowl (archaic)
• soule (obsolete)

Pronunciation

• enPR: sōl
  • (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /səʊl/, [sɔʊɫ], [sɒʊɫ]
  • (General American) IPA^(key): /soʊl/

    • Audio (California):

      (file)

  • (Canada) IPA^(key): [so̞ːɫ]
  • (General Australian) IPA^(key): /səʉl/, /sɐʉl/
  • (New Zealand) IPA^(key): /sɐʉl/
• Rhymes: -əʊl
• Homophones: Seoul, sole, sowl

Noun

soul (countable and uncountable, plural souls)

1. (religion, folklore) The spirit or essence of a person usually thought to consist of one's thoughts and personality, often believed to live on after the person's death.
   • 1836, Hans Christian Andersen (translated into English by Mrs. H. B. Paull in 1872), The Little Mermaid

     "Among the daughters of the air," answered one of them. "A mermaid has not an immortal soul, nor can she obtain one unless she wins the love of a human being. On the power of another hangs her eternal destiny. But the daughters of the air, although they do not possess an immortal soul, can, by their good deeds, procure one for themselves.

   • 1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter IV, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC, page 46:

     No matter how early I came down, I would find him on the veranda, smoking cigarettes, or […] . And at last I began to realize in my harassed soul that all elusion was futile, and to take such holidays as I could get, when he was off with a girl, in a spirit of thankfulness.

   • 2015 September 15, Toby Fox, Undertale, Linux, Microsoft Windows, OS X:

     Flowey: See that heart? That is your SOUL, the very culmination of your being!

2. The spirit or essence of anything.
   • 1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter XXII, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:

     From another point of view, it was a place without a soul. The well-to-do had hearts of stone; the rich were brutally bumptious; the Press, the Municipality, all the public men, were ridiculously, vaingloriously self-satisfied.

   • 1928, Franklin D. Roosevelt, The Happy Warrior Alfred E. Smith‎^[1], Houghton Mifflin, →OCLC, →OL, pages 36–37:

     It is possible with only these qualities for a man to be a reasonably efficient President, but there is one thing more needed to make him a great President. It is that quality of soul which makes a man loved by little children, by dumb animals, that quality of soul which makes him a strong help to all those in sorrow or in trouble, that quality which makes him not merely admired, but loved by all the people - the quality of sympathetic understanding of the human heart, of real interest in one's fellow men.

3. Life, energy, vigor.
   • 1725, [Edward Young], “Satire III. To the Right Honourable Mr. Dodington.”, in Love of Fame, the Universal Passion. In Seven Characteristical Satires, 4th edition, London: […] J[acob] and R[ichard] Tonson […], published 1741, →OCLC, page 52:

     That he vvants Algebra he muſt confeſs. / But not a ſoul to give our arms ſucceſs.

4. (music) Soul music.
5. A person, especially as one among many.
   • 18 January 1915, D. H. Lawrence, letter to William Hopkin

     I want to gather together about twenty souls and sail away from this world of war and squalor and found a little colony where there shall be no money but a sort of communism as far as necessaries of life go, and some real decency.

6. An individual life.

   Fifty souls were lost when the ship sank.

7. (mathematics) A kind of submanifold involved in the soul theorem of Riemannian geometry.

Quotations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:soul.

Synonyms

• (spirit or essence of anything): crux, gist; See also Thesaurus:gist
• (a person): See also Thesaurus:person

Derived terms

• after one's own soul
• album-oriented soul
• All Souls' Day
• bare one's soul
• bless my soul
• blue-eyed soul
• body and soul
• brevity is the soul of wit
• brown-eyed soul
• cut away one's soul
• dark night of the soul
• dead soul
• ensoul
• God rest her soul
• God rest his soul
• God rest their soul
• heart and soul
• keep body and soul together
• keep soul and body together
• kindred soul
• lay bare one's soul
• life and soul of the party
• Lord rest his soul
• lost soul
• may God have mercy on your soul
• neo-soul
• neo soul
• northern soul
• object-soul
• old soul
• pour one's soul out
• pour out one's soul
• psychedelic soul
• rest his soul
• rest one's soul
• sell one's soul
• sell one's soul to the devil
• sell one's soul to the Devil
• shiver my soul
• soul-ale
• soul bell
• soul-blues
• soul blues
• soul brother
• soul-cake
• soul cake
• soul conjecture
• soul-crushing
• soul-crushingly
• soul-destroying
• souled
• soul food
• soul fragment
• soulful
• soulfully
• soulfulness
• soulish
• soul kiss
• soullike
• soul loss
• soul-love
• soulmate, soul mate
• soul music
• soul patch
• soul-search
• soul search
• soul-searcher
• soul searching
• soul-searching
• soul-shaking
• soul sister
• soul-stirring
• soul-sucking
• soul theorem
• soul tie
• the eyes are the window to the soul
• tripartite soul
• upon my soul
• white soul
• world soul
• world-soul
• world's soul

 

English terms starting with “soul”

Related terms

• mind
• spirit

Descendants

Descendants

• → German: Soul
• → Esperanto: soulo
• → French: soul
• → Hungarian: soul
• → Italian: soul
• → Japanese: ソウル
• → Polish: soul
• → Portuguese: soul
• → Romanian: soul
• → Scots: sowel
• → Spanish: soul

Translations

the spirit or essence of a person that is often believed to live on after the person's death

• Abkhaz: аԥсы (apsə)
• Adyghe: псэ (psɛ)
• Afrikaans: siel (af)
• Ainu: ラマ (rama)
• Akan: kra, ɔkra
• Albanian: shpirt (sq) m, avë f, zë
• Amharic: ነፍስ (näfs)
• Arabic: رُوح (ar) m or f (rūḥ), نَفْس (ar) f (nafs)

  Egyptian Arabic: روح f (rūḥ), نفس f (nafs)

• Aramaic:

  Hebrew: רוחא f (rūħā)

• Armenian: հոգի (hy) (hogi)
• Aromanian: suflit, suflet
• Asturian: alma (ast) f
• Avar: рухӏ (ruḥʳ)
• Azerbaijani: ruh (az), can (az)
• Bashkir: йән (yən), рух (rux)
• Basque: arima (eu), gogo
• Belarusian: душа́ f (dušá)
• Bengali: আত্মা (bn) (atta), রূহ (bn) (ruho), জান (bn) (jan)
• Bhojpuri: आत्मा (ātmā)
• Bikol Central: kalag (bcl)
• Breton: ene (br) m
• Bulgarian: душа́ (bg) f (dušá)
• Burmese: ဝိညာဉ် (my) (wi.nyany)
• Carpathian Rusyn: душа́ f (dušá)
• Catalan: ànima (ca) f
• Cebuano: kalag
• Chamicuro: sana'ne
• Chechen: са (sa)
• Cherokee: ᎠᏓᎾᏔ (adanata)
• Chinese:

  Cantonese: 靈魂／灵魂 (ling⁴ wan⁴), 魂魄 (wan⁴ paak³)

  Hokkien: 靈魂／灵魂 (lêng-hûn), 魂魄 (zh-min-nan) (hûn-phek)

  Mandarin: 靈魂／灵魂 (zh) (línghún), 魂魄 (zh) (húnpò)

• Chuukese: ngun
• Classical Syriac: ܪܘܚܐ f (rūħā)
• Coptic: ⲯⲩⲭⲏ m or f (psukhē)
• Cornish: ena m or f, enev m
• Czech: duše (cs) f
• Dalmatian: jamna f
• Danish: sjæl (da) c
• Dutch: ziel (nl) f, geest (nl) m
• Elfdalian: själ f
• Erzya: ойме (ojme)
• Esperanto: animo (eo)
• Estonian: hing (et)
• Farefare: sɩa
• Faroese: sál f
• Finnish: sielu (fi), henki (fi)
• French: âme (fr) f

  Old French: ame

• Friulian: anime f ànime f
• Gagauz: can
• Galician: alma (gl) f, ánima (gl) f
• Georgian: სული (ka) (suli)
• German: Seele (de) f
• Gothic: 𐍃𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌻𐌰 f (saiwala)
• Greek: ψυχή (el) f (psychí)

  Ancient: ψυχή f (psukhḗ)

• Guinea-Bissau Creole: alma
• Gujarati: આત્મા (gu) (ātmā)
• Hawaiian: ʻuhane
• Hebrew: נְשָׁמָה (he) f (neshamá), נֶפֶשׁ (he) f (néfesh), (biblical) רוּחַ (he) m or f (rúakh)
• Hindi: आत्मा (hi) f (ātmā), रूह (hi) f (rūh), नफ़्स m (nafs), नफ्स (hi) m (naphs)
• Hungarian: lélek (hu), önvaló (hu)
• Icelandic: sál (is) f
• Ido: anmo (io)
• Ilocano: kararua
• Indonesian: ruh (id)
• Ingrian: henki
• Interlingua: anima
• Irish: anam (ga) m

  Old Irish: ainimm f

• Istriot: anema f
• Italian: anima (it) f
• Japanese: 魂 (ja) (たましい, tamashii), 霊 (ja) (れい, rei, たま, tama), 魂魄 (ja) (こんぱく, konpaku)
• Kabardian: псэ (kbd) (psɛ)
• Kalmyk: седкл (sedkl)
• Kannada: ಆತ್ಮ (kn) (ātma)
• Kapampangan: kaladua
• Kashubian: dësza f
• Kazakh: жан (kk) (jan), рух (rux), діл (kk) (dıl)
• Khiamniungan Naga: ūotshōu
• Khmer: ព្រលឹង (prɔlɨng), វិញ្ញាណ (km) (vɨññiən)
• Komi-Zyrian: лов (lov)
• Korean: 영혼(靈魂) (ko) (yeonghon), 령혼(靈魂) (ryeonghon) (North Korea), 혼백(魂魄) (ko) (honbaek), 넋 (ko) (neok), 얼 (ko) (eol)
• Kurdish:

  Northern Kurdish: rih (ku)

• Kyrgyz: жан (ky) (jan), рух (ky) (ruh), дил (ky) (dil)
• Ladino: alma f
• Lakota: naǧí
• Lao: ວິນຍານ (win nyān)
• Latgalian: dvēsele
• Latin: anima (la) f, animus (la) m
• Latvian: dvēsele (lv) f, velis (lv) m
• Lezgi: руьгь (rüh)
• Lithuanian: siela (lt) f
• Luxembourgish: Séil (lb) f
• Macedonian: душа (mk) f (duša)
• Malay: roh (ms), jiwa (ms), nyawa (ms)
• Malayalam: ആത്മാവ് (ml) (ātmāvŭ)
• Maltese: ruħ m
• Manchu: ᡶᠠᠶᠠᠩᡤᠠ (fayangga)
• Manx: annym m
• Maore Comorian: roho class 9/10
• Maori: wairua
• Marathi: आत्मा (ātmā)
• Mari:

  Eastern Mari: чон (čon), ӧрт (ört)

  Western Mari: йӓнг (jäng)

• Mazanderani: جان
• Middle English: soule
• Moksha: вайме (vajme)
• Mongolian:

  Cyrillic: сүнс (mn) (süns)

  Mongolian: ᠰᠦ᠋ᠨ᠋ᠡᠰᠦ (sünesü)

• Navajo: iiʼ sizíinii
• Nepali: आत्मा (ne) (ātmā)
• Nogai: ян (yan)
• North Frisian: Siil c (Sylt)
• Northern Mansi: ^{(please verify)} ис (is)
• Northern Sami: heagga
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: sjel (no) m or f

  Nynorsk: sjel f

• Occitan: arma (oc) f, anma (oc) f
• Odia: ଆତ୍ମା (ātmā)
• Ojibwe: ojichaag
• Okinawan: まぶい (mabui), 魂 (たましー, tamashī) (of the dead)
• Old Church Slavonic:

  Cyrillic: доуша f (duša)

• Old Dutch: sēla f
• Old East Slavic: душа f (duša)
• Old High German: ferah
• Old Norse: sál f
• Old Portuguese: alma
• Old Prussian: dūsi f
• Old Saxon: sēola f, gēst m
• Ossetian: уд (ud)
• Ottoman Turkish: روح (ruh)
• Pali: viññāṇa
• Pannonian Rusyn: душа f (duša)
• Pashto: روح (ps) f (roh), نفس (ps) m (nafs)
• Persian:

  Iranian Persian: روح (fa) (ruh), رَوان (fa) (ravân), جان (fa) (jân), نَفْس (fa) (nafs)

• Polish: dusza (pl) f
• Portuguese: alma (pt) f
• Quechua: aya, nuna (qu)
• Romanian: suflet (ro) n
• Romansch: olma f
• Russian: душа́ (ru) f (dušá)
• Saanich: SELI
• Sanskrit: आत्मन् (sa) m (ātmán), त्मन् (sa) m (tmán), विज्ञान (sa) n (vijñāna)
• Sardinian: ànima f
• Saterland Frisian: Seele f
• Scottish Gaelic: anam m
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: ду́ша f

  Roman: dúša (sh) f

• Shan: ၶႂၼ်ငဝ်း (khwǎn ngáo), ဝိၺၢၼ်ႇ (wǐ nyàan)
• Sinhalese: ආත්මය (si) (ātmaya)
• Slovak: duša f
• Slovene: duša (sl) f
• Somali: naf
• Sorbian:

  Lower Sorbian: duša f

  Upper Sorbian: duša f

• Southern Altai: тын (tïn), јан (ǰan)
• Spanish: alma (es) f, pneuma f
• Sranan Tongo: kra
• Swahili: roho (sw), nafsi (sw) class 9/10
• Swedish: själ (sv)
• Tabasaran: рюгь (rjuh), жан (žan)
• Tagalog: kalag, kaluluwa (tl)
• Tajik: рӯҳ (rüh), ҷон (jon), дил (tg) (dil), нафс (nafs)
• Tamil: ஆன்மா (ta) (āṉmā)
• Tatar: рух (tt) (rux), өрәк (tt) (öräk), кот (tt) (qot), җан (tt) (can)
• Tausug: nyawa
• Telugu: ఆత్మ (te) (ātma)
• Thai: วิญญาณ (th) (win-yaan)
• Tibetan: རྣམ་ཤེས (rnam shes)
• Tocharian A: āñcäm
• Tocharian B: āñme
• Turkish: ruh (tr), can (tr), tin (tr)
• Turkmen: ruh, jan (tk)
• Tuvan: сүнезин (sünezin)
• Udmurt: лул (lul)
• Ugaritic: 𐎐𐎔𐎌 (npš)
• Ukrainian: душа́ (uk) f (dušá)
• Urdu: رُوح f (rūh), آتْما (ur) f (ātmā), نَفْس m (nafs)
• Uyghur: روھ (roh), دىل (dil)
• Uzbek: ruh (uz), jon (uz), dil (uz), nafs (uz)
• Venetan: ànema (vec) f
• Veps: heng
• Vietnamese: linh hồn (vi) (靈魂)
• Võro: heng'
• Votic: entši
• Walloon: åme (wa) f
• Welsh: enaid (cy) m,ysbryd (cy) m
• West Frisian: siel (fy) c, siele (fy) c
• Yagnobi: ҷон (jon)
• Yámana: kašpíx
• Yakut: сүр (sür)
• Yiddish: נשמה f (neshome), נעשאָמע f (neshome)
• Yonaguni: 魂 (たまち, tamachi)
• Zhuang: hoenz
• Zulu: umoya (zu) class 3
• ǃXóõ: ǃnáã-sé

life, energy, vigour

• Bulgarian: дух (bg) m (duh)
• Catalan: ànima (ca) f
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 心靈／心灵 (zh) (xīnlíng), 魂 (zh) (hún)

• Danish: gejst c
• Dutch: ziel (nl) f
• Esperanto: animo (eo)
• Finnish: sielu (fi), henki (fi)
• French: âme (fr) f
• Georgian: გული (guli)
• German: Geist (de) m
• Greek: ψυχή (el) f (psychí)
• Hebrew: רוח חיים f (ruakh khayím), נְשָׁמָה (he) f (n'shamá)
• Indonesian: nyawa (id)
• Japanese: 魂 (ja) (たましい, tamashii), 精神 (ja) (せいしん, seishin)
• Korean: 넋 (ko) (neok), 정신(精神) (ko) (jeongsin)
• Latin: animus (la) m
• Latvian: dvēsele (lv) f
• Malay: semangat (ms)
• Maori: tino (mi)
• Mari:

  Eastern Mari: ӧрт (ört)

• Middle English: soule
• Oromo: lubbuu
• Polish: życie (pl) n
• Portuguese: ânimo (pt) m
• Romanian: spirit (ro) n
• Russian: душа́ (ru) f (dušá), дух (ru) m (dux)
• Sundanese: manah
• Swedish: själ (sv)
• Tagalog: diwa (tl)
• Ukrainian: дух m (dux)
• Walloon: åme (wa) f
• Welsh: ysbryd (cy) m

soul music

• Bulgarian: со́ул f (sóul)
• Czech: soul (cs) m
• Danish: soul c, soulmusik c
• Dutch: soul (nl) f
• Esperanto: soulo
• Finnish: soul (fi)
• French: soul (fr) f
• German: Soul (de)
• Greek: σόουλ f (sóoul)
• Hebrew: נְשָׁמָה (he) f (n'shamá)
• Italian: soul (it)
• Japanese: ソウル (ja) (souru)
• Korean: 소울 (soul)
• Latin: animus (la) m
• Maori: puoro kōmanawa
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: soul m

• Polish: soul (pl) m
• Portuguese: soul (pt) m
• Russian: со́ул (ru) m (sóul)
• Slovak: soul m
• Swedish: soul (sv)

person, especially as one among many

• Bashkir: кеше (keşe), бәндә (bəndə), инсан (insan)
• Danish: sjæl (da) c
• Finnish: sielu (fi)
• French: âme (fr) f
• German: Seele (de) f
• Greek: ψυχή (el) f (psychí)
• Hebrew: נֶפֶשׁ (he) f (néfesh), נפש חיה f (néfesh hayá)
• Indonesian: insan (id), jiwa (id)
• Ingrian: henki
• Italian: anima (it), persona (it)
• Latin: animus (la) m
• Middle English: soule
• Ngazidja Comorian: nafusi class 9/10
• Portuguese: alma (pt) f
• Romanian: suflet (ro) n
• Swedish: själ (sv)
• Telugu: నూటికి ఒక్కడు (nūṭiki okkaḍu)
• Walloon: åme (wa) f
• Yiddish: נפֿש n (nefesh)

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

Translations to be checked

• Estonian: ^{(please verify)} hing (et)
• Lithuanian: ^{(please verify)} siela (lt) f
• Spanish: ^{(please verify)} ánimo (es) m

Verb

soul (third-person singular simple present souls, present participle souling, simple past and past participle souled)

1. (obsolete, transitive) To endow with a soul or mind.

   Synonyms: besoul, ensoul

2. To beg on All Soul's Day.

   Coordinate term: trick-or-treat

   • 1981, Geoffrey Scard, Squire and tenant: life in rural Cheshire, 1760-1900, page 93:

     All Souls' Day was celebrated by souling, a custom going back to pre-Reformation days: soul cakers and mummers toured the village begging for a soul cake — a plain, round, flat cake seasoned with spices.

Derived terms

• besoul
• dark night of the soul

Etymology 2

Borrowed from French souler (“to satiate”).

Verb

soul (third-person singular simple present souls, present participle souling, simple past and past participle souled)

1. (obsolete) To feed or nourish.
   • 1741, unknown [formerly attributed to Daniel Defoe], The Life and Adventures of Mrs. Christian Davies, the British Amazon, commonly called Mother Ross: […], 2nd edition, London: Printed for R[ichard] Montagu, →OCLC, part II, page 76:

     During my Stay here, I was going to take Pot-Luck with Colonel Ingram, and accidentally meeting him in the Way, I told him I deſigned to ſoul a Plate with him, [...]

References

• “soul”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.
• soul in Keywords for Today: A 21st Century Vocabulary, edited by The Keywords Project, Colin MacCabe, Holly Yanacek, 2018.
• “soul”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911, →OCLC.

Anagrams

• Luso-, luso-

Czech

Noun

soul m inan

1. soul (music style)

Declension

This noun needs an inflection-table template.

Further reading

• “soul”, in Kartotéka Novočeského lexikálního archivu (in Czech)

Finnish

Etymology

Borrowed from English soul.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsou̯l/, [ˈs̠o̞u̯l]
• Rhymes: -oul
• Hyphenation^(key): soul

Noun

soul

1. soul music

Declension

Inflection of soul (Kotus type 5/risti, no gradation)
nominative		soul	—
genitive		soulin	—
partitive		soulia	—
illative		souliin	—
		singular	plural
nominative		soul	—
accusative	nom.	soul	—
	gen.	soulin
genitive		soulin	—
partitive		soulia	—
inessive		soulissa	—
elative		soulista	—
illative		souliin	—
adessive		soulilla	—
ablative		soulilta	—
allative		soulille	—
essive		soulina	—
translative		souliksi	—
abessive		soulitta	—
instructive		—	—
comitative		See the possessive forms below.

Possessive forms of soul (Kotus type 5/risti, no gradation)

first-person singular possessor singular plural nominative soulini — accusative nom. soulini — gen. soulini genitive soulini — partitive souliani — inessive soulissani — elative soulistani — illative souliini — adessive soulillani — ablative souliltani — allative soulilleni — essive soulinani — translative soulikseni — abessive soulittani — instructive — — comitative — — second-person singular possessor singular plural nominative soulisi — accusative nom. soulisi — gen. soulisi genitive soulisi — partitive souliasi — inessive soulissasi — elative soulistasi — illative souliisi — adessive soulillasi — ablative souliltasi — allative soulillesi — essive soulinasi — translative souliksesi — abessive soulittasi — instructive — — comitative — — first-person plural possessor singular plural nominative soulimme — accusative nom. soulimme — gen. soulimme genitive soulimme — partitive souliamme — inessive soulissamme — elative soulistamme — illative souliimme — adessive soulillamme — ablative souliltamme — allative soulillemme — essive soulinamme — translative souliksemme — abessive soulittamme — instructive — — comitative — — second-person plural possessor singular plural nominative soulinne — accusative nom. soulinne — gen. soulinne genitive soulinne — partitive soulianne — inessive soulissanne — elative soulistanne — illative souliinne — adessive soulillanne — ablative souliltanne — allative soulillenne — essive soulinanne — translative souliksenne — abessive soulittanne — instructive — — comitative — — third-person possessor singular plural nominative soulinsa — accusative nom. soulinsa — gen. soulinsa genitive soulinsa — partitive souliaan souliansa — inessive soulissaan soulissansa — elative soulistaan soulistansa — illative souliinsa — adessive soulillaan soulillansa — ablative souliltaan souliltansa — allative soulilleen soulillensa — essive soulinaan soulinansa — translative soulikseen souliksensa — abessive soulittaan soulittansa — instructive — — comitative — —

Derived terms

compounds

• soul-musiikki

 

Further reading

• “soul”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎^[2] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03

Anagrams

• Sulo, solu, sulo, ulos

Franco-Provençal

Adjective

soul (Piemontais)

1. Alternative form of sol (“alone”)

References

• soul in Lo trèsor Arpitan – on arpitan.eu

French

Etymology 1

See saoul.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /su/
• Homophones: sou, souls, sous

Adjective

soul (feminine soule, masculine plural souls, feminine plural soules)

1. post-1990 spelling of soûl, itself an alternative form of saoul (“drunk”)

Derived terms

• souler

Etymology 2

Borrowed from English soul.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sol/, /sul/

Noun

soul f (uncountable)

1. soul, soul music

Further reading

• “soul”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

Hungarian

Etymology

Borrowed from English soul.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈsoːl] (phonetic respelling: szól)
• Hyphenation: soul
• Homophone: szól
• Rhymes: -oːl

Noun

soul (usually uncountable, plural soulok)

1. (music) soul music

Declension

Inflection (stem in -o-, back harmony)
	singular	plural
nominative	soul	soulok
accusative	soult	soulokat
dative	soulnak	souloknak
instrumental	soullal	soulokkal
causal-final	soulért	soulokért
translative	soullá	soulokká
terminative	soulig	soulokig
essive-formal	soulként	soulokként
essive-modal	—	—
inessive	soulban	soulokban
superessive	soulon	soulokon
adessive	soulnál	souloknál
illative	soulba	soulokba
sublative	soulra	soulokra
allative	soulhoz	soulokhoz
elative	soulból	soulokból
delative	soulról	soulokról
ablative	soultól	souloktól
non-attributive possessive - singular	soulé	souloké
non-attributive possessive - plural	souléi	soulokéi

Possessive forms of soul
possessor	single possession	multiple possessions
1st person sing.	soulom	souljaim
2nd person sing.	soulod	souljaid
3rd person sing.	soulja	souljai
1st person plural	soulunk	souljaink
2nd person plural	soulotok	souljaitok
3rd person plural	souljuk	souljaik

Derived terms

• soulzene

Italian

Etymology

Borrowed from English soul.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsol/, (careful style) /ˈsowl/
• Rhymes: -ol, (careful style) -owl
• Hyphenation: (careful style) sóul

Noun

soul m or f (invariable)

1. soul music

Anagrams

• suol

Middle English

Noun

soul

1. Alternative form of soule

Old French

Adjective

soul m (oblique and nominative feminine singular soule)

1. Alternative form of sol

Declension

Declension of soul

Number	Case	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Singular	Subject	souls	soule	soul
	Oblique	soul			soule	soul
Plural	Subject	soul	soules		soul
	Oblique	souls			soules	soul

Polish

Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from English soul, from Middle English soule, sowle, saule, sawle, from Old English sāwol, from Proto-West Germanic *saiwalu, from Proto-Germanic *saiwalō.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsɔwl/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɔwl
• Syllabification: soul

Noun

soul m inan

1. soul music

Declension

Declension of soul

	singular
nominative	soul
genitive	soul/soulu
dative	soul/soulowi
accusative	soul
instrumental	soul/soulem
locative	soul/soulu
vocative	soul/soulu

Derived terms

adjective

• soulowy

 

Further reading

• soul in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• soul in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Portuguese

Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from English soul.

Pronunciation

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /sow/
  • Homophone: sou (when pronounced with the /w/)

Noun

soul m (uncountable)

1. (music) soul music (a music genre combining gospel music, rhythm and blues and often jazz)

Romanian

Etymology

Borrowed from English soul.

Adjective

soul m or f or n (indeclinable)

1. soul (music)

Declension

invariable		singular				plural
		masculine	neuter	feminine		masculine	neuter	feminine
nominative- accusative	indefinite	soul		soul		soul	soul
	definite	—		—		—	—
genitive- dative	indefinite	soul		soul		soul	soul
	definite	—		—		—	—

Spanish

Etymology

Borrowed from English soul.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsoul/ [ˈsou̯l]
• Rhymes: -oul
• Syllabification: soul

Noun

soul m (uncountable)

1. soul, soul music

Further reading

• “soul”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.7, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2023 November 28