Wiktionary

sain

See also: Sain, saín, säin, and sain-

English

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Etymology

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From Middle English sainen, seinen, senen, sinen, signen, from Old English sēnian, seġnian, from Proto-Germanic *segnōną (“to mark with a cross, bless”), from Latin signō, from signum.[1][2] Cognate with Dutch zegenen (“to bless”), German segnen (“to bless”), Irish séan (“sign, omen”) and Scottish Gaelic seun (“a charm”).

Pronunciation

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Verb

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sain (third-person singular simple present sains, present participle saining, simple past and past participle sained)

  1. (transitive, archaic) To make the sign of the cross on or over something or someone.
    • 1828, Thomas Keightley, The Fairy Mythology, volume I, London: William Harrison Ainsworth, page 261:
      Saining is the grand protection against them; a Shetlander always sains himself when passing by their hills.
  2. (intransitive, obsolete except in Scots) To make the sign of the cross.
  3. (transitive, archaic) To bless, to keep from evil influence.
    Sain usǃ Sain us, oh Godǃ.
    • 1889, “Agamemnon”, in Edmund Doidge Anderson Morshead, transl., The House of Atreus, 2nd edition, page 57:
      Far from my speech stands he who sains and saves.
    • 1983, Robert Nye, The Facts of Life:
      The child was sained then. Fir candles were lighted and whirled round the bed in which mother and infant lay.

Translations

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References

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  1. ^ “sain”, in Dictionary.com Unabridged, Dictionary.com, LLC, 1995–present.
  2. ^ “sain”, in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster, 1996–present.

Anagrams

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Bavarian

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Verb

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sain

  1. (Sappada, Sauris, Timau) to be

References

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  • Umberto Patuzzi, ed., (2013) Ünsarne Börtar, Luserna: Comitato unitario delle linguistiche storiche germaniche in Italia / Einheitskomitee der historischen deutschen Sprachinseln in Italien.

Bikol Central

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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Compare Tagalog saan.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /saˈʔin/ [saˈʔin̪]
  • Hyphenation: sa‧in

Adverb

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sàin (plural sarain, Basahan spelling ᜐᜁᜈ᜔)

  1. (interrogative, directive) where
    Sain mo siya nahiling?
    Where did you see him/her?

Conjunction

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sàin (plural sarain, Basahan spelling ᜐᜁᜈ᜔)

  1. where
    Lingaw ko na kun sain ko binugtak an (sakuyang) salming (ko).
    I forgot where I place my eyeglasses.

Derived terms

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See also

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Cebuano

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Pronunciation

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  • Hyphenation: sa‧in
  • IPA(key): /ˈsaʔin/ [ˈs̪a.ʔɪn̪]

Pronoun

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sáin (Badlit spelling ᜐᜁᜈ᜔)

  1. which
    Synonym: asa

Cimbrian

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Middle High German sein, sīn, from Old High German sīn (“to be”). Cognate with German sein.

Verb

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sain (irregular, auxiliary sain)

  1. (Tredici Comuni) to be

References

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Estonian

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Verb

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sain

  1. first-person singular past indicative of saama

Finnish

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Verb

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sain

  1. first-person singular past indicative of saada

Anagrams

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French

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Etymology

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Inherited from Old French sain, from Latin sānus, from Proto-Indo-European *swā-n- (“healthy; whole; active; vigorous”).

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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sain (feminine saine, masculine plural sains, feminine plural saines)

  1. healthy; in good health
  2. healthful; beneficial to health of body or mind

Derived terms

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Further reading

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Anagrams

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Manchu

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Romanization

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sain

  1. Romanization of ᠰᠠᡳᠨ

Middle English

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Verb

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sain

  1. Alternative form of seien

Old French

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Etymology

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From Latin sānus.

Adjective

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sain m (oblique and nominative feminine singular saine)

  1. healthy; in good health

Descendants

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  • French: sain

Old Irish

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Etymology

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From Proto-Celtic *sanis (“different”) (whence Welsh hân (“separation”), from Proto-Indo-European *senH-; cognate with Latin sine, Ancient Greek ἄτερ (áter, “without, apart from”), Sanskrit सनितुर् (sanitúr, “without”), Old English sundor (“apart, separately”).

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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sain

  1. different
    • c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 14c23
      co beid .i. co mbed a ndéde sin im labrad-sa .i. gáu et fír .i. combad sain a n‑as·berin ó bélib et aní imme·rádin ó chridiu
      so that there may be, i.e. so that those two things might be in my speaking, namely false and true, i.e. so that what I might say with [my] lips and what I might think with [my] heart might be different
    • c. 845, St Gall Glosses on Priscian, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1975, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. II, pp. 49–224, Sg. 220a10
      A·tá tairmthechtas persan híc .i. is sain indí asid·rubart ⁊ indí frisa n-érbrath.
      There is a transition of persons here, i.e. the one who has said it and the one to whom it has been said are different.
  2. special
    • c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 73d7
      Ná eiplet húan bás coitchen húa n‑epil cách, acht foircniter húa sain-bás sech cách.
      Let them not die by the common death by which everyone dies, but let them be ended by a special death different from everyone.
    • c. 850, Pangur Bán, stanza 1:
      Messe ocus Pangur Bán,   cechtar náthar fria sain-dán
      bíth a menma-sam fri seilgg   mu menma céin im sain-cheirdd.
      I and Pangur Bán, each of us two at his special art:
      his mind is at hunting, my own mind is in my special craft.

Usage notes

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This adjective is usually used predicatively or prefixed to the noun it modifies, which (unless it starts with one of d l n s t) undergoes lenition. However, attributive uses are attested in the St. Gall Priscian glosses.

Inflection

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i-stem
Singular Masculine Feminine Neuter
Nominative sain sain sain
Vocative sain
Accusative sain sain
Genitive sain saine sain
Dative sain sain sain
Plural Masculine Feminine/neuter
Nominative saini saini
Vocative saini
Accusative saini
Genitive sain*
saine
Dative sainib
Notes *not when substantivized

Mutation

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Mutation of sain
radical lenition nasalization
sain ṡain unchanged

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

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Romanian

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Etymology

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Inherited from Latin suīnus.

Noun

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sain n (plural sainuri)

  1. (archaic) pork meat

See also

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Romansch

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Latin sinus (compare French sein, Italian seno, Romanian sân, Spanish seno).

Noun

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sain m

  1. (Rumantsch Grischun, anatomy) breast (of a woman)
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  • (Rumantsch Grischun, Sursilvan, Surmiran) pèz
  • (Sutsilvan) péz
  • (Puter, Vallader) pet

Scots

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Etymology

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From Middle English (whence also English sain), from Old English, from Latin. Cognate to Scottish Gaelic seun (“a charm”).

Verb

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sain

  1. to bless or consecrate
  2. to make the sign of the cross, to genuflect

Southern Catanduanes Bicolano

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Adverb

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sàin

  1. (interrogative, directive) where
    Sain mo siya nahiling?
    Where did you see him?
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Tok Pisin

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Etymology

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From English sign.

Noun

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sain

  1. sign

Welsh

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Etymology

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Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *sten- (“to roar”).[1][2] Cognate with German stöhnen (“to groan, moan”), Ancient Greek στένω (sténō, “to moan, to sigh, to bewail”), Russian стена́ть (stenátʹ, “to moan, groan”), Sanskrit स्तनति (stánati, “to rattle, to rumble”).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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sain f (plural seiniau, not mutable)

  1. sound, audio

Usage notes

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The word sŵn refers to a general "sound" or "noise" whereas the word sain refers to "sound" or "audio" in a more technical context.

Derived terms

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References

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  1. ^ Morris Jones, John (1913) A Welsh Grammar, Historical and Comparative, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “darstain”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies

Wobé

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Pronunciation

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  • starts with a low tone and moves to a high tone

Adjective

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sain

  1. red, yellow
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