réud

Old Irish

Etymology

Derived somehow from Proto-Celtic *ɸreswos, from Proto-Indo-European *prews-. Cognate with English freeze and Latin pruina (“hoar-frost”). Matasović posits an immediate preform *ɸreswotos to account for the Goidelic forms, but it would result in ^×refud instead as the usual reflex of intervocalic *-sw- in Old Irish is -f-. On the other hand, *ɸresw-tos > *ɸresutos is a viable pre-form.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [r͈ʲeːu̯ð]

Noun

réud m

frost

Inflection

Masculine o-stem
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	réud	réud^L	ríuid^L
Vocative	ríuid	réud^L	réudu^H
Accusative	réud^N	réud^L	réudu^H
Genitive	ríuid^L	réud	réud^N
Dative	réud^L	réudaib	réudaib
Initial mutations of a following adjective: ^H = triggers aspiration ^L = triggers lenition ^N = triggers nasalization

Descendants

Middle Irish: reód
- Irish: reo
- Manx: rio
- Scottish Gaelic: reòth

Mutation

Old Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Nasalization
réud also rréud after a proclitic ending in a vowel	réud pronounced with /r(ʲ)-/	unchanged
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References

Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “reód”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language