punnoa

Ingrian

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *punoidak. Cognates include Finnish punoa and Estonian punuda.

Pronunciation

• (Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /ˈpunːoɑ/, [ˈpunːo̞]
• (Soikkola) IPA^(key): /ˈpunoːjɑ/, [ˈpunˑo̝ːjɑ]
• Rhymes: -unːoː, -unoːjɑ
• Hyphenation: pun‧no‧a

Verb

punnoa

1. (transitive) to intertwine
2. (intransitive) to run quickly

Conjugation

Conjugation of punnoa (type 1/ampua, no gradation, gemination)
Indikativa
Preesens			Perfekta
	positive	negative		positive	negative
1st singular	punon	en puno	1st singular	oon punont, oon punonut	en oo punont, en oo punonut
2nd singular	punot	et puno	2nd singular	oot punont, oot punonut	et oo punont, et oo punonut
3rd singular	punnoo	ei puno	3rd singular	ono punont, ono punonut	ei oo punont, ei oo punonut
1st plural	punomma	emmä puno	1st plural	oomma punoneet	emmä oo punoneet
2nd plural	punotta	että puno	2nd plural	ootta punoneet	että oo punoneet
3rd plural	punnoot1), punovat2), punotaa	evät puno, ei punota	3rd plural	ovat punoneet	evät oo punoneet, ei oo punottu
impersonal	punotaa	ei punota	impersonal	ono punottu	ei oo punottu
Imperfekta			Pluskvamperfekta
	positive	negative		positive	negative
1st singular	punoin	en punont, en punonut	1st singular	olin punont, olin punonut	en olt punont, en olt punonut
2nd singular	punoit	et punont, et punonut	2nd singular	olit punont, olit punonut	et olt punont, et olt punonut
3rd singular	punoi	ei punont, ei punonut	3rd singular	oli punont, oli punonut	ei olt punont, ei olt punonut
1st plural	punoimma	emmä punoneet	1st plural	olimma punoneet	emmä olleet punoneet
2nd plural	punoitta	että punoneet	2nd plural	olitta punoneet	että olleet punoneet
3rd plural	punnoit1), punoivat2), punottii	evät punoneet, ei punottu	3rd plural	olivat punoneet	evät olleet punoneet, ei olt punottu
impersonal	punottii	ei punottu	impersonal	oli punottu	ei olt punottu
Konditsionala
Preesens			Perfekta
	positive	negative		positive	negative
1st singular	punoisin	en punois	1st singular	olisin punont, olisin punonut	en olis punont, en olis punonut
2nd singular	punoisit, punnoist1)	et punois	2nd singular	olisit punont, olisit punonut	et olis punont, et olis punonut
3rd singular	punois	ei punois	3rd singular	olis punont, olis punonut	ei olis punont, ei olis punonut
1st plural	punoisimma	emmä punois	1st plural	olisimma punoneet	emmä olis punoneet
2nd plural	punoisitta	että punois	2nd plural	olisitta punoneet	että olis punoneet
3rd plural	punoisiit1), punoisivat2), punottais	evät punois, ei punottais	3rd plural	olisivat punoneet	evät olis punoneet, ei olis punottu
impersonal	punottais	ei punottais	impersonal	olis punottu	ei olis punottu
Imperativa
Preesens			Perfekta
	positive	negative		positive	negative
1st singular	—	—	1st singular	—	—
2nd singular	puno	elä puno	2nd singular	oo punont, oo punonut	elä oo punont, elä oo punonut
3rd singular	punokoo	elköö punoko	3rd singular	olkoo punont, olkoo punonut	elköö olko punont, elköö olko punonut
1st plural	—	—	1st plural	—	—
2nd plural	punokaa	elkää punoko	2nd plural	olkaa punoneet	elkää olko punoneet
3rd plural	punokoot	elkööt punoko, elköö punottako	3rd plural	olkoot punoneet	elkööt olko punoneet, elköö olko punottu
impersonal	punottakkoo	elköö punottako	impersonal	olkoo punottu	elköö olko punottu
Potentsiala
Preesens
	positive	negative
1st singular	punonen	en punone
2nd singular	punonet	et punone
3rd singular	punonoo	ei punone
1st plural	punonemma	emmä punone
2nd plural	punonetta	että punone
3rd plural	punonoot	evät punone, ei punottane
impersonal	punottannoo	ei punottane
Nominal forms
Infinitivat			Partisipat
				active	passive
1st		punnoa	present	punova	punottava
2nd	inessive	punojees	past	punont, punonut	punottu
	instructive	punnoen	1) Chiefly in the Soikkola dialect. 2) Chiefly in the Ala-Laukaa dialect. *) For the imperative, the 2nd plural (punokaa) may be used for the 3rd person as well. **) The interrogative is formed by adding the suffix -k (-ka?/-kä?) to the indicative ***) The deliberative is formed by adding the suffix -k (-ka?/-kä?) or -kse to either the indicative or the potential ****) In folk poetry, a long first infinitive can be formed by adding the suffix -kse-, followed by possessive suffixes, to the first infinitive. Note that sometimes gemination may be undone by this addition.
3rd	illative	punomaa
	inessive	punomaas
	elative	punomast
	abessive	punomata
4th	nominative	punomiin
	partitive	punomista, punomist

References

• Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 441

Votic

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *punodak.

Pronunciation

• (Luutsa, Liivtšülä) IPA^(key): /ˈpunoɑ̯/, [ˈpunːoɑ̯]
• Rhymes: -unoɑ̯
• Hyphenation: pun‧noa

Verb

punnoa

1. (transitive) to intertwine, twine, plait, weave

Inflection

Conjugation of punnoa (type II-1/kuttsua, no gradation, gemination)
Indicative
Present			Perfect
	positive	negative		positive	negative
1st singular	punon	en puno	1st singular	õõn punonnu	en õõ punonnu
2nd singular	punod	ed puno	2nd singular	õõd punonnu	ed õõ punonnu
3rd singular	punob	eb puno	3rd singular	on punonnu	eb õõ punonnu
1st plural	punommõ	emmä puno	1st plural	õõmmõ punonnu	emmä õõ punonnu
2nd plural	punottõ	että puno	2nd plural	õõttõ punonnu	että õõ punonnu
3rd plural	punota	eväd puno	3rd plural	õlla punottu	eväd õõ punottu
impersonal	punota	eväd puno	impersonal	õlla punottu	eväd õõ punottu
Imperfect			Pluperfect
	positive	negative		positive	negative
1st singular	punozin	en punonnu	1st singular	õlin punonnu	—
2nd singular	punozid	ed punonnu	2nd singular	õlid punonnu	—
3rd singular	puno	eb punonnu	3rd singular	õli punonnu	—
1st plural	punozimmõ	emmä punonnu	1st plural	õlimmõ punonnu	—
2nd plural	punozittõ	että punonnu	2nd plural	õlittõ punonnu	—
3rd plural	punotti	eväd punottu	3rd plural	õlti punottu	—
impersonal	punotti	eväd punottu	impersonal	õlti punottu	—
Conditional
Present			Perfect
	positive	negative		positive	negative
1st singular	punoizin	en punoizʹ	1st singular	õllõizin punonnu	en õllõizʹ punonnu
2nd singular	punoizid	ed punoizʹ	2nd singular	õllõizid punonnu	ed õllõizʹ punonnu
3rd singular	punoizʹ	eb punoizʹ	3rd singular	õllõizʹ punonnu	eb õllõizʹ punonnu
1st plural	punoizimmõ	emmä punoizʹ	1st plural	õllõizimmõ punonnu	emmä õllõizʹ punonnu
2nd plural	punoizittõ	että punoizʹ	2nd plural	õllõizittõ punonnu	että õllõizʹ punonnu
3rd plural	punottaizʹ	eväd punottaizʹ	3rd plural	õltaizʹ punottu	eväd õltaizʹ punottu
impersonal	punottaizʹ	eväd punottaizʹ	impersonal	õltaizʹ punottu	eväd õltaizʹ punottu
Imperative
Present
	positive	negative
1st singular	—	—
2nd singular	puno	elä puno
3rd singular	punogo1)	elko punogo1)
1st plural	—	—
2nd plural	punoga	elka punoga
3rd plural	punogod1)	—
impersonal	—	—
Nominal forms
Infinitives			Participles
				active	passive
1st		punnoa	present	punojõ2)	—
2nd	illative	punoma	past	punonnu	punottu
	inessive	punomõz	1) using la is more common 2) also used as the agent noun
	elative	punomõssõ
	abessive	punomõttõ

References

• Hallap, V., Adler, E., Grünberg, S., Leppik, M. (2012) “punoa”, in Vadja keele sõnaraamat [A dictionary of the Votic language], 2nd edition, Tallinn