Wiktionary

mulier

English

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Etymology

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From Latin mulier (“woman”).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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mulier (plural muliers)

  1. (law, historical) A child born lawfully in wedlock, in distinction from an elder sibling born of the same parents before their marriage.
    • 1908, Alfred John Horwood, Luke Owen Pike, Year books of the reign of King Edward the Third: Volume 15:
      Or suppose an inquest were taken between us, and it were found that they are muliers, for which reason the voucher stood, and they came and pleaded the same exception to escape from warranting as heirs, then two inquests would be taken […]
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References

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Anagrams

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Latin

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Etymology

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From Proto-Italic *moljes, of uncertain origin; it has been proposed that it might derive from mollior, comparative of mollis (“soft, tender”). Others propose it might be akin to mulgere and therefore mean “the milk-giver”. Contamination within either of these two terms can be possible.

The former is from Isidore's Etymologies: "Mulier vero a mollitie, tanquam mollier, detracta littera vel mutata, appellata est mulier".[1]

Pronunciation

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Noun

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mulier f (genitive mulieris); third declension

  1. a woman, female
    Synonyms: fēmina, (hapax, mentioning, Old Latin) vira
  2. (by extension) a wife
    Synonyms: uxor, nūpta, coniūnx, mātrōna
    Antonym: marītus
  3. (figuratively) a coward, poltroon
  4. (Medieval Latin) a virgin adult

Usage notes

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A mulier was a woman who was married in contrast with a virgo (“unmarried woman of a marriageable age”). Thus, if a noble young girl of age 12 got married, she would be called a mulier even though by today's standards, we would not call this girl a "woman". In contrast, if a common young woman of age 19 or 21 was still unmarried, she often was still called a virgo despite being much older than that young noble girl married at age 12.

If an older woman for whatever reason was not married off, she could be called a mulier too, so it is not a term used exclusively for married women.

Declension

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Third-declension noun.

singular plural
nominative mulier mulierēs
genitive mulieris mulierum
dative mulierī mulieribus
accusative mulierem mulierēs
ablative muliere mulieribus
vocative mulier mulierēs

Derived terms

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Descendants

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References

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Further reading

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  • “mulier”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • “mulier”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • mulier in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
  1. ^ Isidore of Seville (circa 625) Etymologiae, XI.ii.14
  2. ^ https://dcvb.iec.cat/results.asp?word=muller
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