mahtaa

Finnish

Etymology 1

From Proto-Finnic *mahtadak, from Proto-Finno-Ugric *mašta-. Cognates include Estonian mahtuma, Erzya and Moksha маштомс (maštoms), Eastern Mari мошташ (moštaš), Northern Khanty [Term?], and Eastern Mansi [Term?].

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈmɑhtɑːˣ/, [ˈmɑ̝xt̪ɑ̝ː(ʔ)]
Rhymes: -ɑhtɑː
Hyphenation^(key): mah‧taa

Verb

mahtaa

(transitive, usually atelic, chiefly in the negative) to be able to, can do [with allative ‘about’]
En mahda sille mitään.
There's nothing I can do about it.
(auxiliary first infinitive) one supposes, probably do, must do (in suppositions)
Synonyms: taitaa, [the potential mood]

Mahdat olla nälkäinen.
You must be hungry.

Conjugation

Inflection of mahtaa (Kotus type 56*F/kaivaa, t-d gradation)

indicative mood

present tense

perfect

person

positive

negative

person

positive

negative

1st sing.

mahdan

en mahda

1st sing.

olen mahtanut

en ole mahtanut

2nd sing.

mahdat

et mahda

2nd sing.

olet mahtanut

et ole mahtanut

3rd sing.

mahtaa

ei mahda

3rd sing.

on mahtanut

ei ole mahtanut

1st plur.

mahdamme

emme mahda

1st plur.

olemme mahtaneet

emme ole mahtaneet

2nd plur.

mahdatte

ette mahda

2nd plur.

olette mahtaneet

ette ole mahtaneet

3rd plur.

mahtavat

eivät mahda

3rd plur.

ovat mahtaneet

eivät ole mahtaneet

passive

mahdetaan

ei mahdeta

passive

on mahdettu

ei ole mahdettu

past tense

pluperfect

person

positive

negative

person

positive

negative

1st sing.

mahdoin

en mahtanut

1st sing.

olin mahtanut

en ollut mahtanut

2nd sing.

mahdoit

et mahtanut

2nd sing.

olit mahtanut

et ollut mahtanut

3rd sing.

mahtoi

ei mahtanut

3rd sing.

oli mahtanut

ei ollut mahtanut

1st plur.

mahdoimme

emme mahtaneet

1st plur.

olimme mahtaneet

emme olleet mahtaneet

2nd plur.

mahdoitte

ette mahtaneet

2nd plur.

olitte mahtaneet

ette olleet mahtaneet

3rd plur.

mahtoivat

eivät mahtaneet

3rd plur.

olivat mahtaneet

eivät olleet mahtaneet

passive

mahdettiin

ei mahdettu

passive

oli mahdettu

ei ollut mahdettu

conditional mood

present

perfect

person

positive

negative

person

positive

negative

1st sing.

mahtaisin

en mahtaisi

1st sing.

olisin mahtanut

en olisi mahtanut

2nd sing.

mahtaisit

et mahtaisi

2nd sing.

olisit mahtanut

et olisi mahtanut

3rd sing.

mahtaisi

ei mahtaisi

3rd sing.

olisi mahtanut

ei olisi mahtanut

1st plur.

mahtaisimme

emme mahtaisi

1st plur.

olisimme mahtaneet

emme olisi mahtaneet

2nd plur.

mahtaisitte

ette mahtaisi

2nd plur.

olisitte mahtaneet

ette olisi mahtaneet

3rd plur.

mahtaisivat

eivät mahtaisi

3rd plur.

olisivat mahtaneet

eivät olisi mahtaneet

passive

mahdettaisiin

ei mahdettaisi

passive

olisi mahdettu

ei olisi mahdettu

imperative mood

present

perfect

person

positive

negative

person

positive

negative

1st sing.

—

1st sing.

—

2nd sing.

mahda

älä mahda

2nd sing.

—

3rd sing.

mahtakoon

älköön mahtako

3rd sing.

olkoon mahtanut

älköön olko mahtanut

1st plur.

mahtakaamme

älkäämme mahtako

1st plur.

—

2nd plur.

mahtakaa

älkää mahtako

2nd plur.

—

3rd plur.

mahtakoot

älkööt mahtako

3rd plur.

olkoot mahtaneet

älkööt olko mahtaneet

passive

mahdettakoon

älköön mahdettako

passive

olkoon mahdettu

älköön olko mahdettu

potential mood

present

perfect

person

positive

negative

person

positive

negative

1st sing.

mahtanen

en mahtane

1st sing.

lienen mahtanut

en liene mahtanut

2nd sing.

mahtanet

et mahtane

2nd sing.

lienet mahtanut

et liene mahtanut

3rd sing.

mahtanee

ei mahtane

3rd sing.

lienee mahtanut

ei liene mahtanut

1st plur.

mahtanemme

emme mahtane

1st plur.

lienemme mahtaneet

emme liene mahtaneet

2nd plur.

mahtanette

ette mahtane

2nd plur.

lienette mahtaneet

ette liene mahtaneet

3rd plur.

mahtanevat

eivät mahtane

3rd plur.

lienevät mahtaneet

eivät liene mahtaneet

passive

mahdettaneen

ei mahdettane

passive

lienee mahdettu

ei liene mahdettu

Nominal forms

infinitives

participles

active

passive

active

passive

1st

mahtaa

present

mahtava

mahdettava

long 1st¹

Possessive forms
Person	sing.	plur.
1st	mahtaakseni	mahtaaksemme
2nd	mahtaaksesi	mahtaaksenne
3rd	mahtaakseen mahtaaksensa

past

mahtanut

mahdettu

2nd

inessive²

mahtaessa

mahdettaessa

agent⁴

mahtama

Possessive forms
Person	sing.	plur.
1st	mahtaessani	mahtaessamme
2nd	mahtaessasi	mahtaessanne
3rd	mahtaessaan mahtaessansa

negative

mahtamaton

instructive

mahtaen

—

¹⁾ Used only with a possessive suffix.

²⁾ Usually with a possessive suffix (active only).
³⁾ Some uses of the verbal noun are called the 'fourth infinitive' by certain sources (more details).
⁴⁾ Usually with a possessive suffix. May not be used with all verbs, especially intransitive ones (more details). Distinct from nouns with the -ma suffix and third infinitive forms.

* The third-person singular indicative form mahtaa does not exhibit final gemination,
unlike the first infinitive (the lemma form), even though they are spelled identically.

3rd

inessive

mahtamassa

—

elative

mahtamasta

—

illative

mahtamaan

—

adessive

mahtamalla

—

abessive

mahtamatta

—

instructive

mahtaman

mahdettaman

4th³

verbal noun

mahtaminen

5th¹

Possessive forms
Person	sing.	plur.
1st	mahtamaisillani	mahtamaisillamme
2nd	mahtamaisillasi	mahtamaisillanne
3rd	mahtamaisillaan mahtamaisillansa

Derived terms

adjectives

mahtava

nouns

verbs

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈmɑhtɑː/, [ˈmɑ̝xt̪ɑ̝ː]
Rhymes: -ɑhtɑː
Hyphenation^(key): mah‧taa

Verb

mahtaa

third-person singular present indicative of mahtaa

Ingrian

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *mahtadak. Cognates include Finnish mahtaa and Estonian mahtuda.

Pronunciation

(Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /ˈmɑhtɑː/, [ˈmɑhtɑ]
(Soikkola) IPA^(key): /ˈmɑhtɑː/, [ˈmɑhtɑː]
Rhymes: -ɑhtɑː
Hyphenation: mah‧taa

Verb

mahtaa

(auxiliary) to be able to (to have the knowledge to)
- 1936, N. A. Iljin and V. I. Junus, Bukvari iƶoroin șkouluja vart, Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 64:
  Jo nyt mahan lukkia.
  Now I can read.
- 2008, “Läkkäämmä omal viisii [We're speaking [our] own way]”, in Inkeri‎^[2], volume 4, number 69, St. Petersburg, page 12:
  Möö veel läkkäämmä omal viisii, a olliit mokkomat akat, miä veel muissan, miä olin pikkutyttö, höö vennäheks evät mahtanehet läätä.
  We still speak in our own way, but there were such old women, I still remember, I was a little girl, they couldn't speak Russian.

Conjugation

Conjugation of mahtaa (type 4/antaa, t- gradation)
Indikativa
Preesens			Perfekta
	positive	negative		positive	negative
1st singular	mahan	en maha	1st singular	oon mahtant, oon mahtanut	en oo mahtant, en oo mahtanut
2nd singular	mahat	et maha	2nd singular	oot mahtant, oot mahtanut	et oo mahtant, et oo mahtanut
3rd singular	mahtaa	ei maha	3rd singular	ono mahtant, ono mahtanut	ei oo mahtant, ei oo mahtanut
1st plural	mahamma	emmä maha	1st plural	oomma mahtaneet	emmä oo mahtaneet
2nd plural	mahatta	että maha	2nd plural	ootta mahtaneet	että oo mahtaneet
3rd plural	mahtaat¹⁾, mahtavat²⁾, mahetaa	evät maha, ei maheta	3rd plural	ovat mahtaneet	evät oo mahtaneet, ei oo mahettu
impersonal	mahetaa	ei maheta	impersonal	ono mahettu	ei oo mahettu
Imperfekta			Pluskvamperfekta
	positive	negative		positive	negative
1st singular	mahoin	en mahtant, en mahtanut	1st singular	olin mahtant, olin mahtanut	en olt mahtant, en olt mahtanut
2nd singular	mahoit	et mahtant, et mahtanut	2nd singular	olit mahtant, olit mahtanut	et olt mahtant, et olt mahtanut
3rd singular	mahtoi	ei mahtant, ei mahtanut	3rd singular	oli mahtant, oli mahtanut	ei olt mahtant, ei olt mahtanut
1st plural	mahoimma	emmä mahtaneet	1st plural	olimma mahtaneet	emmä olleet mahtaneet
2nd plural	mahoitta	että mahtaneet	2nd plural	olitta mahtaneet	että olleet mahtaneet
3rd plural	mahtoit¹⁾, mahtoivat²⁾, mahettii	evät mahtaneet, ei mahettu	3rd plural	olivat mahtaneet	evät olleet mahtaneet, ei olt mahettu
impersonal	mahettii	ei mahettu	impersonal	oli mahettu	ei olt mahettu
Konditsionala
Preesens			Perfekta
	positive	negative		positive	negative
1st singular	mahtaisin	en mahtais	1st singular	olisin mahtant, olisin mahtanut	en olis mahtant, en olis mahtanut
2nd singular	mahtaisit, mahtaist¹⁾	et mahtais	2nd singular	olisit mahtant, olisit mahtanut	et olis mahtant, et olis mahtanut
3rd singular	mahtais	ei mahtais	3rd singular	olis mahtant, olis mahtanut	ei olis mahtant, ei olis mahtanut
1st plural	mahtaisimma	emmä mahtais	1st plural	olisimma mahtaneet	emmä olis mahtaneet
2nd plural	mahtaisitta	että mahtais	2nd plural	olisitta mahtaneet	että olis mahtaneet
3rd plural	mahtaisiit¹⁾, mahtaisivat²⁾, mahettais	evät mahtais, ei mahettais	3rd plural	olisivat mahtaneet	evät olis mahtaneet, ei olis mahettu
impersonal	mahettais	ei mahettais	impersonal	olis mahettu	ei olis mahettu
Imperativa
Preesens			Perfekta
	positive	negative		positive	negative
1st singular	—	—	1st singular	—	—
2nd singular	maha	elä maha	2nd singular	oo mahtant, oo mahtanut	elä oo mahtant, elä oo mahtanut
3rd singular	mahtakoo	elköö mahtako	3rd singular	olkoo mahtant, olkoo mahtanut	elköö olko mahtant, elköö olko mahtanut
1st plural	—	—	1st plural	—	—
2nd plural	mahtakaa	elkää mahtako	2nd plural	olkaa mahtaneet	elkää olko mahtaneet
3rd plural	mahtakoot	elkööt mahtako, elköö mahettako	3rd plural	olkoot mahtaneet	elkööt olko mahtaneet, elköö olko mahettu
impersonal	mahettakkoo	elköö mahettako	impersonal	olkoo mahettu	elköö olko mahettu
Potentsiala
Preesens
	positive	negative
1st singular	mahtanen	en mahtane
2nd singular	mahtanet	et mahtane
3rd singular	mahtanoo	ei mahtane
1st plural	mahtanemma	emmä mahtane
2nd plural	mahtanetta	että mahtane
3rd plural	mahtanoot	evät mahtane, ei mahettane
impersonal	mahettannoo	ei mahettane
Nominal forms
Infinitivat			Partisipat
				active	passive
1st		mahtaa	present	mahtava	mahettava
2nd	inessive	mahtajees	past	mahtant, mahtanut	mahettu
2nd	instructive	mahtaen	¹⁾ Chiefly in the Soikkola dialect. ²⁾ Chiefly in the Ala-Laukaa dialect. ^) For the imperative, the 2nd plural (mahtakaa) may be used for the 3rd person as well. ^) The interrogative is formed by adding the suffix -k (-ka^?/-kä^?) to the indicative ^*) The deliberative is formed by adding the suffix -k (-ka^?/-kä^?) or -kse* to either the indicative or the potential ^***) In folk poetry, a long first infinitive can be formed by adding the suffix -kse-*, followed by possessive suffixes, to the first infinitive. Note that sometimes gemination may be undone by this addition.
3rd	illative	mahtamaa
	inessive	mahtamaas
	elative	mahtamast
	abessive	mahtamata
4th	nominative	mahtamiin
	partitive	mahtamista, mahtamist

Synonyms

tuntaa, tuntia, osata, tiitää

Derived terms

mahtua

References

V. I. Junus (1936) Iƶoran Keelen Grammatikka‎^[3], Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 19
Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 291

mahtaa

Contents

Finnish

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Verb

Conjugation

Derived terms

See also

Further reading

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Verb

Ingrian

Etymology

Pronunciation

Verb

Conjugation

Synonyms

Derived terms

See also

References