ma-
Basque
editEtymology
editProbably related to m-.
Prefix
editma-
- Non-productive prefix without a specific meaning.
Usage notes
editIn words where this prefix can be found, it takes the place of the first syllable of the original word, usually with no change in meaning (compare udare and madari, both meaning "pear"). It is likely that originally this was an expressive prefix, and that many Basque words starting with ma- contain this prefix, with the original word having been lost.
References
edit- “ma-” in Etymological Dictionary of Basque by R. L. Trask, sussex.ac.uk
Bikol Central
editPrefix
editma-
- Used to form adjectives indicating a quality
- Object IV trigger infinitive verb prefix
- Object trigger to have done something; to be able to do something
- Object trigger to perform the action of the verb unintentionally
- to form the future tense of the verb.
Cebuano
editPrefix
editma-
- Used to form adjectives indicating a quality
- Used to form the future tense of a verb
Hausa
editEtymology
editCognate to the set of prefixes found in Arabic: مُ (mu) for agentive participles, مَ (ma) for locatives, and مِ (mi) for instrumentals.
Pronunciation
editPrefix
editma-
- Used to form agentive nouns.
- Used to form nouns of place (locative nouns).
- Used to form instrumental nouns.
Usage notes
editEach prefix forms a different template to which the noun must conform:
- Agentive nouns end in -ī in the masculine singular, -ìyā in the feminine singular, and -ā in the plural, and the root has low tone in the masculine and plural, but high tone in the feminine.
- Locative nouns end in -ā and are feminine, or uncommonly in -ī and are masculine, with all high tone in either case. There is rarely a plural form.
- Instrumental nouns end in -ī and are masculine, with plurals in -ai. The tones of the singular form are all high, and in the plural the tones are all low except for the plural morpheme.
Derived terms
editJapanese
editRomanization
editma-
Kambera
editPronoun
editma-
- first person plural exclusive nominative proclitic
See also
editKongo
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Bantu *mà-.
Prefix
editma-
- class 6 prefix
Maori
editPrefix
editma-
- Adjective prefix
Northern Sotho
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Bantu *mà-.
Prefix
editma-
- Class 6 noun prefix.
Old Javanese
editEtymology
edit(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Prefix
editma-
- active verb
Synonyms
editDerived terms
editPitjantjatjara
editPrefix
editma-
- away (prefixed to verbs)
Usage notes
edit- The hyphen is normally kept, for example, ma-pitjanyi.
- Although ma- is spelt with a short a, the vowel is actually long (maa-). The misleading spelling exists for historical reasons.
Shona
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Bantu *mà-.
Prefix
editma-
- Class 6 noun prefix.
Sotho
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Bantu *mà-.
Prefix
editma-
- Class 6 noun prefix.
Swahili
editAlternative forms
edit- me- (before i and e)
Etymology
editFrom Proto-Bantu *mà-.
Pronunciation
editPrefix
editma-
- ma class(VI) noun prefix and adjective agreement prefix, denoting mass nouns and plurals of a variety of classes
- maji machafu ― dirty water
- forms plurals of ji class(V) nouns
- forms plurals of some u class(XI) nouns
- forms collectives of n class(IX) nouns
See also
editTagalog
editEtymology 1
editFrom Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ma-, from Proto-Austronesian *ma- (stative prefix). Compare may (existential marker).
Pronunciation
edit- (Standard Tagalog) IPA(key): /ma/ [mɐ]
- Syllabification: ma-
Prefix
editma- (Baybayin spelling ᜋ)
- used to form adjectives indicating a quality
- actor III trigger infinitive verb prefix
- object IV trigger infinitive verb prefix
- object trigger to have done something; to be able to do something
- object trigger to perform the action of the verb unintentionally
- ma- basag (“break, crack”) → mabasag (“to break something unintentionally”)
- Nabasag ko ang salamin. ― I unintentionally broke the mirror. Compare it when used with the suffix -in:
- basag (“break, crack”) -in → basagin (“to break something on purpose”)
- Binasag ko ang salamin. ― I broke the mirror on purpose.
Derived terms
editEtymology 2
editFrom Proto-Austronesian *ma- (future prefix).
Pronunciation
edit- (Standard Tagalog) IPA(key): /ˈma/ [ˈmaː]
- Syllabification: ma-
Prefix
editmá- (Baybayin spelling ᜋ) (dialectal)
See also
editFurther reading
edit- Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*ma-”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI
Anagrams
editTausug
editPrefix
editma-
- Used to form adjectives and adverbs; characterized by; abundant in
Derived terms
editTernate
editEtymology 1
editPronoun
editma- (Jawi م-)
- (non-human) third-person singular and plural possessive prefix, its, their
- indicates definiteness
- haka ngori maobo ― give me the bone (literally, “give me its bone”)
- mangofa hotu ― the child sleeps (literally, “its child sleeps”)
See also
editindependent | subject proclitic | possessive | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Informal | Formal | |||||
1st person singular | ngori | fangarem, fajaruf | to | ri | ||
2nd person singular | ngana | ngoni, jou ngoni | no | ni | ||
3rd person singular | unam, minaf | om, mof, inh | im, mif, manh | |||
1st person plural inclusive | ngone | fo | na, nga | |||
1st person plural exclusive | ngomi | fangare ngomim, fajaru ngomif, fara ngomi1 | mi | mi, mia | ||
2nd person plural | ngoni | ni | na, nia | |||
3rd person plural | anah, enanh | ih, nh, yoh, †, yanh, † | nah, ngah, manh |
- unmarked pronouns are gender non-specific
- m - masculine, f - feminine, h - human, nh - non-human
- 1 - for mixed-gender groups
- † - archaic
Etymology 2
editPrefix
editma- (Jawi م-)
- marks certain verbal aspects
Etymology 3
editPrefix
editma- (Jawi م-)
- reflexive
References
edit- Frederik Sigismund Alexander de Clercq (1890) Bijdragen tot de kennis der Residentie Ternate, E.J. Brill
- Rika Hayami-Allen (2001) A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh
Tsonga
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Bantu *mà-.
Prefix
editma-
- Class 6 noun prefix.
Tswana
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Bantu *mà-.
Prefix
editma-
- Class 6 noun prefix.
Venda
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Bantu *mà-.
Prefix
editma-
- Class 6 noun prefix.
West Makian
editEtymology 1
editPronunciation
editPrefix
editma-
- a prefix of unclear meaning
Usage notes
editThe prefix ma- is subject to West Makian vowel harmony, and as such may surface as me-, mi-, or mo-.
Alternative forms
editEtymology 2
editPronunciation
editPronoun
editma-
- first-person plural inclusive clitic, we
- moco ― we see
Usage notes
editThe prefix ma- follows West Makian vowel harmony, and as such may surface as me-, mi-, or mo-.
Alternative forms
editEtymology 3
editPronunciation
editPronoun
editma-
- (animate) third-person singular clitic for stative verbs, it
- madadi sangaji ― he became a chief
- di oma ma makaku i ― their child is still small
Usage notes
editThis clitic is only for stative verbs and does not undergo vowel harmony.
Etymology 4
editPronunciation
editPronoun
editma-
Usage notes
editThe possessive prefix ma- is subject to West Makian vowel harmony, and as such may surface as me-, mi-, or mo-.
Alternative forms
editSee also
editindependent | possessive prefix | |
---|---|---|
1st person singular | de | ti |
2nd person singular | ni | ni |
3rd person singular | me | mVan., dVinan. |
1st person plural inclusive | ene | nV |
1st person plural exclusive | imi | mi |
2nd person plural | ini | fi |
3rd person plural | eme | di |
- V indicates the expected assimilated vowel of the following noun, following standard West Makian vowel harmony.
Etymology 5
editPronunciation
editPrefix
editma-
- forms adverbial numerals
References
edit- Clemens Voorhoeve (1982) The Makian languages and their neighbours[1], Pacific linguistics
Xhosa
editEtymology
editFrom a clipping of makhe (“hortative marker”).
Prefix
editma-
Usage notes
editThe prefix is attached to the subjunctive form of the verb, before the subject concord.
Zulu
editEtymology 1
editFrom Proto-Bantu *mà-.
Prefix
editma-
- Class 6 simple noun prefix.
Etymology 2
editFrom a clipping of make (“hortative marker”).
Prefix
editma-
Usage notes
editThe prefix is attached to the subjunctive form of the verb, before the subject concord.
Alternative forms
editReferences
edit- C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “ma-”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “ma-”
- Basque lemmas
- Basque prefixes
- Bikol Central lemmas
- Bikol Central prefixes
- Bikol Central terms with usage examples
- Cebuano lemmas
- Cebuano prefixes
- Hausa terms with IPA pronunciation
- Hausa lemmas
- Hausa prefixes
- Japanese non-lemma forms
- Japanese romanizations
- Kambera lemmas
- Kambera pronouns
- Kambera pronominal clitics
- Kongo terms inherited from Proto-Bantu
- Kongo terms derived from Proto-Bantu
- Kongo lemmas
- Kongo prefixes
- Maori lemmas
- Maori prefixes
- Northern Sotho terms inherited from Proto-Bantu
- Northern Sotho terms derived from Proto-Bantu
- Northern Sotho lemmas
- Northern Sotho prefixes
- Northern Sotho noun prefixes
- Old Javanese lemmas
- Old Javanese prefixes
- Pitjantjatjara lemmas
- Pitjantjatjara prefixes
- Shona terms inherited from Proto-Bantu
- Shona terms derived from Proto-Bantu
- Shona lemmas
- Shona prefixes
- Shona noun prefixes
- Sotho terms inherited from Proto-Bantu
- Sotho terms derived from Proto-Bantu
- Sotho lemmas
- Sotho prefixes
- Sotho noun prefixes
- Swahili terms inherited from Proto-Bantu
- Swahili terms derived from Proto-Bantu
- Swahili terms with audio links
- Swahili lemmas
- Swahili prefixes
- Swahili terms with usage examples
- Tagalog terms inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
- Tagalog terms derived from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
- Tagalog terms inherited from Proto-Austronesian
- Tagalog terms derived from Proto-Austronesian
- Tagalog 1-syllable words
- Tagalog terms with IPA pronunciation
- Tagalog lemmas
- Tagalog prefixes
- Tagalog terms with Baybayin script
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- Tagalog dialectal terms
- Tausug lemmas
- Tausug prefixes
- Ternate lemmas
- Ternate pronouns
- Ternate terms with usage examples
- Ternate prefixes
- Ternate possessive pronouns
- Tsonga terms inherited from Proto-Bantu
- Tsonga terms derived from Proto-Bantu
- Tsonga lemmas
- Tsonga prefixes
- Tsonga noun prefixes
- Tswana terms inherited from Proto-Bantu
- Tswana terms derived from Proto-Bantu
- Tswana lemmas
- Tswana prefixes
- Tswana noun prefixes
- Venda terms inherited from Proto-Bantu
- Venda terms derived from Proto-Bantu
- Venda lemmas
- Venda prefixes
- Venda noun prefixes
- West Makian terms with IPA pronunciation
- West Makian lemmas
- West Makian prefixes
- West Makian pronouns
- West Makian terms with usage examples
- Xhosa lemmas
- Xhosa prefixes
- Xhosa terms with usage examples
- Zulu terms inherited from Proto-Bantu
- Zulu terms derived from Proto-Bantu
- Zulu lemmas
- Zulu prefixes
- Zulu simple noun prefixes
- Zulu terms with usage examples