Estonian

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Etymology

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From Proto-Finnic *jakadak, from Proto-Uralic *jëka-. Cognate to Finnish jakaa. Cognates include Finnish jakaa, Livonian jaggõ, Votic jakka, Ingrian jakkaa, Livvi jagua, Ludian d'agada, and Veps jagada; Northern Sami juohkit (from Proto-Samic *juokētēk), Erzya and Moksha явомс (javoms), Udmurt люкыны (ľukyny) and Komi-Zyrian юкны (jukny); possibly also Southern Khanty [script needed] (jaχəl, branch), Central Mansi [script needed] (jåχtit, border between the nape and the neck), Central Mansi [script needed] (jåχtit, border between the nape and the neck), Central Mansi [script needed] (jåχtit, border between the nape and the neck), Tundra Nenets яхась (yaxasʹ°, to skin), Forest Enets [script needed] (ďoha-, to dismember), Nganasan [script needed] (ďegətə-, to dismember), Southern Selkup [script needed] (ćak͔ǝ-, to dismember), Kamassian чагарзьәт (ćagarźət, to cut) and Mator тчяга- (čagә-, to cut out), although these are semantically uncertain.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈjɑɡ̊ɑmɑ/, [ˈjɑ̈ɡ̊ɑmɑ]
  • Audio:(file)
  • Rhymes: -ɑɡɑmɑ
  • Hyphenation: ja‧ga‧ma

Verb

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jagama (da-infinitive jagada)

  1. (transitive) to divide (to make into pieces or conceptual parts) [with translative or illative ‘into’]
    Jagasime õuna neljaks.We divided the apple into four.
    Mündid jagati nelja hunnikusse.The coins were divided into four piles.
    Õpetaja jagas õpilased kahte rühma.The teacher split the students into two groups.
    Eesriie jagab toa pooleks.The curtain divides the room in half.
    Tabel on lahtriteks jagatud.The spreadsheet is divided into cells.
    Ekvaator jagab Maa põhja- ja lõunapoolkeraks.The equator divides the Earth into the northern and southern hemispheres.
    Aasta on jagatud 12 kuuks.A year is divided into 12 months.
    Häälikud jagatakse täishäälikuteks ja kaashäälikuteks.Phonemes are divided into vowels and consonants.
    Synonym: jaotama
  2. (transitive) to hand out, to give out; to distribute (to give something in parts to several people) [with allative or peale ‘to; over (a period of time, space, etc.)’]
    Võitjatele jagati auhindu.Prizes were given out to the winners.
    Kes jagab mängijatele kaardid?Who deals the cards to the players?
    Kas näitlejaile on osad juba jagatud?Have the parts already been distributed to the actors?
    karistusi jagamato hand out punishments
    Meister on jaganud oma oskusi paljudele õpilastele.The master has shared his skills with many students.
    kellelegi lohutust jagamato offer consolance to somebody
    Tööd jagati mitme päeva peale.The work was spread over several days.
    Surve on jagatud ühtlaselt kogu pinnale.Pressure is evenly distributed over the entire surface.
    Synonyms: jaotama, välja jagama
  3. (transitive, mathematics) to divide [with comitative ‘by’]
    Kaheksa jagada neljaga on kaks.Eight divided by four is two.
    Antonym: korrutama
  4. (transitive, usually atelic) to share (to use sth communally with sb; to give up part of one's own to sb else or to become part of sb else's own)
    Neil tuli kahekesi väikest tuba jagada.The two of them had to share a small room.
    Kaks võistlejat jäid võrdsel punktiseisul esikohta jagama.Two competitors were tied for first place. (literally, “... were left to share the first place.”)
    Ta ei võinud oma saladust kellegagi jagada.She couldn't share her secret with anyone.
    1. to share (to experience or feel the same way as sb else)
      Riik jagas hiljem oma naabermaade saatust.The country later shared the fate of its neighbours.
      kellegagi rõõme ja muresid jagamato share one's joys and sorrows with someone
      Jagan täielikult ta seisukohta.I fully share his/her point of view.
  5. (intransitive, colloquial) to understand, to grasp, to get it, to catch on, to comprehend
    Ei tema jaga põllumajandusest midagi.(S)he doesn't know anything about agriculture.
    Ma pole matemaatikat kunagi jaganud.I've never understood math.
    Kui pea ei jaga, siis jagavad jalad. (proverb)If the head doesn't get it, the legs will.
  6. (intransitive, colloquial) to bicker, to quarrel

Conjugation

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Derived terms

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adjectives
nouns
verbs

Compound verbs

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References

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  • jagama in Sõnaveeb (Eesti Keele Instituut)
  • jagama”, in [EKSS] Eesti keele seletav sõnaraamat [Descriptive Dictionary of the Estonian Language] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2009