haggis

See also: Haggis

English

WOTD – 25 January 2018

Etymology 1

A whole haggis at a Burns supper

Haggis (top left) served with neeps and tatties (mashed swede and potatoes; bottom and top right)

From Late Middle English hagis (“haggis”), from hag, haggen (“to chop, cut, hack; to cut into”) (from Old Norse hǫggva (“to hew”)), or from hakken (“to chop, hack; to dice, mince”) (from Old English hēawan (“to chop, hew; to dice, mince”)), both ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kewh₂- (“to hew; to beat, strike; to forge”).

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /ˈhæɡɪs/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /ˈhæɡɪs/

• Audio (General Australian):

  (file)

• Hyphenation: hag‧gis

Noun

haggis (countable and uncountable, plural haggises)

1. A traditional Scottish dish made from minced sheep offal with oatmeal and spices, etc., originally boiled in the stomach of a sheep but now often in an artificial casing, and usually served with neeps and tatties (mashed swede and potatoes) and accompanied with whisky.
   • [1677, Guy Miege [i.e., Guy Miège], “HAGGESS”, in A New Dictionary French and English, with Another English and French; According to the Present Use, and Modern Orthography of the French. Inrich’d with New Words, Choice Phrases, and Apposite Proverbs; Digested into a Most Accurate Method; and Contrived for the Use Both of English and Foreiners (in French), London: Printed by Tho[mas] Dawks, for Thomas Basset, at the George, near Cliffords-inn, in Fleetstreet, →OCLC, column 3:

     HAGGESS, haggas, or haggis, ſort d’appret fait avec des herbes, du larde caupé menu, des épices, des œufs, & du fromage, le tout mis enſemble & bouilli dans une panſe de brebis.

     HAGGESS, haggas, or haggis, a sort of preparation made with herbs, bacon, spices, eggs, cheese, all put together and boiled in a sheep's belly.]

   • 1717 January 16 (Old Style), Lady Mary W. Montague [i.e. Lady Mary Wortley Montagu], “Original Letter of Lady Mary W. Montague, Never before Published. Found Lately amongst the Papers of a Lady Deceased.”, in The Scots Magazine; or General Repository of Literature, History, and Politics, volume LXI (volume VI, New Series), Edinburgh: [Printed by Alex[ander] Chapman and Co.] Sold by James Watson, No. 40. South Bridge, and by the principal booksellers in Town and Country and by T. Kay, Strand, London, published February 1799, →OCLC, pages 101–102:

     I congratulate the Caledonians on the acquiſition of this new Saint, but wonder if the German crows were ſo civil to refrain from ſo ſavoury a Scotch haggiſs.

   • 1762, [Charles Johnstone], The Reverie; or, A Flight to the Paradise of Fools. By the Editor of The Adventures of a Guinea. In Two Volumes, volume II, Dublin: Printed by Dillon Chamberlaine, in Smock-alley, →OCLC, page 185:

     "[…] You are all for providing other things before we have fixed upon the victuals. Let us ſettle about them firſt." / This word raiſed a tumult, ten times greater than the former; every one in the room roaring out at once for ſome particular diſh, either that it was his trade to provide, or which he was fond of himſelf. / […] —"An haggis,"—ſaid a Scot. / —"Leek-pottage,"—ſputtered Taffy. In a word, they all raiſed their voices with ſuch vehemence, not one attending to what another ſaid, that ſince the building of Babel, there was not ſuch a ſcene of confuſion.

   • [1769], [John Maclaurin, Lord Dreghorn], “The Disappointed Epicures”, in Essays in Verse, [Edinburgh]: [Privately printed at the author's press], →OCLC, page 78:

     And thank kind heav'n, their country can afford / A tumid haggeſs to adorn their board.

   • 1778 February 5, Thomas Pownall, “XXXII. Observations Arising from an Enquiry into the Nature of the Vases Found on the Mosquito Shore in South America.”, in Archaeologia: Or Miscellaneous Tracts Relating to Antiquity, volume V, London: Published by the Society of Antiquaries of London; sold at the house of the Society, in Chancery-Lane; and by Messieurs White, Robson, Conant, Leigh and Sotheby, Brown and H. Payne, published 1779, →OCLC, page 322:

     The Haggies is that very diſh (if I may ſo call it) and a very good diſh it is. […] [W]henever inſtead of the paunch, refinement ſhall invent a veſſel, in which to ſerve up the Haggies, it will certainly reſemble in its model the original prototype, whether it be formed into a turrene or a ſilver vaſe, having the ſinged head as ornamented handles to the ſides.

   • 1821 October, “The Voyages and Travels of Columbus Secundus. Chapter XIII. The King’s Birth-day.”, in Blackwood’s Edinburgh Magazine, volume X, number LVI, Edinburgh: William Blackwood; London: T[homas] Cadell, Strand, London, →OCLC, footnote, page 305:

     [T]he thousands of Englishmen who annually visit our romantic country can attest, that, even in the wildest Highland glens, something better can be found for their roast-beef stomachs, than sheep's-heads, haggises, and oat-meal cakes.

   • 1894, Jessup Whitehead, “The Hotel Book of Puddings”, in The American Pastry Cook: A Book of Perfected Recipes, for Making All Sorts of Articles Required of the Hotel Pastry Cook, Baker and Confectioner, Especially Adapted for Hotel and Steamboat Use, and for Cafés and Fine Bakeries, 7th edition, Chicago, Ill.: Jessup Whitehead & Co., publishers, →OCLC, page 78, column 1:

     Another one of those revered patriarchs whom it were almost sacrilege to touch is [Robert] Burn's, with "honest sonsie face," the haggis. […] It is a pity that one of the last minstrels, if only one of humble rank, did not fix unchangeably in verse the component parts of the national haggis, as some one has done the "Eve's pudding," and Sydney Smith did for his salad, and another did for mulled wine. We have a compound called haggis, without the preceding article, composed of meat, chopped anchovies, eggs, bread, sour wine, pepper and salt. But that does not seem to correspond with the remarks of an editor of Burns, who says the haggis was to Scotland what the plum pudding is to England, and it was the pride of her people that all the ingredients and even the bag it was boiled in were of native production.

   • 1999, Gary Rhodes, “Home-made Haggis”, in New British Classics, London: BBC Worldwide, →ISBN:

     Haggis has a faggot-like consistency that certainly isn't short of flavour. I like to make individual portion haggises (traditional haggises are cooked in the sheep's paunch or stomach). It can also be made into a steamed haggis pudding simply by making the recipe, placing the mix in two 1.75 litre (3 pint) pudding basins, covering with buttered foil and then steaming for 3½ hours.

   • 2015, Simon Majumdar, “The Baron and the Bronx”, in Fed, White, and Blue: Finding America with My Fork, New York, N.Y.: Hudson Street Press, →ISBN, pages 62–63; trade paperback edition, New York, N.Y.: Avery, Penguin Random House, 2016, →ISBN:

     [T]he final dish of the day arrived in the form of a giant blood pudding, which was about the size of a basketball and wrapped in the goat's stomach. It reminded me more of Scottish haggis than of anything else I had seen on my travels around the globe. I took a tentative bite. It was fantastic, but I was completely done by this point and made my apologies to the disappointed restaurant owner. He seemed happy enough, particularly when he smiled and said, "Don't worry, anything that's left, I'll be taking home for dinner."

Alternative forms

• haggess, haggies, haggiss (obsolete)

Derived terms

• wild haggis

Descendants

• → Irish: hagaois
• → Scottish Gaelic: taigeis

Translations

traditional Scottish dish

• Afrikaans: haggis
• Albanian: haggis
• Arabic: هاغيس
• Basque: haggis
• Breton: haggis
• Bulgarian: дроб сарма f (drob sarma), хагис (hagis)
• Catalan: haggis
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 肉馅羊肚 (ròuxiànyángdù)

• Czech: haggis
• Danish: haggis
• Dutch: haggis (nl)
• Esperanto: haggis
• Finnish: haggis (fi)
• French: haggis (fr) m
• Galician: haggis
• German: Haggis (de) m
• Greek:

  Ancient: χόρια n pl (khória)

• Hebrew: האגיס (he)
• Indonesian: haggis
• Irish: hagaois f
• Italian: haggis
• Japanese: ハギス
• Korean: 해기스 (haegiseu)
• Mazanderani: وابیشکا (vâbiškâ)
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: haggis

  Nynorsk: haggis

• Papiamentu: haggis
• Persian: هگیس (hagis), گیپا (fa) (gipâ), جغور بغور (jağur-bağur)
• Polish: haggis (pl)
• Portuguese: haggis m
• Russian: ха́ггис (xággis)
• Scots: haggis
• Scottish Gaelic: taigeis f
• Slovene: haggis
• Spanish: haggis
• Swedish: haggis (sv) c
• Turkish: haggis
• Ukrainian: гаґґіс (haggis)
• Vietnamese: haggis (vi)
• Welsh: hagis m

Further reading

• haggis on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

Etymology 2

From haggi ‎ -s.

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /ˈhɑːdʒis/

• Audio (Southern England):

  (file)

• (General American) IPA^(key): /ˈhɑd͡ʒis/
• Hyphenation: hag‧gis

Noun

haggis

1. plural of haggi (“one who has participated in a hajj”) (alternative spelling of hajjis).

Dutch

Etymology

Borrowed from English haggis.

Pronunciation

• (Netherlands) IPA^(key): /ˈɦɛ.ɡɪs/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: hag‧gis

Noun

haggis m (uncountable)

1. haggis

See also

• schapenmaag

Finnish

Etymology

From English haggis.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈhɑɡːis/, [ˈhɑ̝ɡːis̠]
• Rhymes: -ɑɡːis
• Syllabification^(key): hag‧gis

Noun

haggis

1. haggis

Declension

Inflection of haggis (Kotus type 39/vastaus, no gradation)
nominative		haggis	haggikset
genitive		haggiksen	haggisten haggiksien
partitive		haggista	haggiksia
illative		haggikseen	haggiksiin
		singular	plural
nominative		haggis	haggikset
accusative	nom.	haggis	haggikset
	gen.	haggiksen
genitive		haggiksen	haggisten haggiksien
partitive		haggista	haggiksia
inessive		haggiksessa	haggiksissa
elative		haggiksesta	haggiksista
illative		haggikseen	haggiksiin
adessive		haggiksella	haggiksilla
ablative		haggikselta	haggiksilta
allative		haggikselle	haggiksille
essive		haggiksena	haggiksina
translative		haggikseksi	haggiksiksi
abessive		haggiksetta	haggiksitta
instructive		—	haggiksin
comitative		See the possessive forms below.

Possessive forms of haggis (Kotus type 39/vastaus, no gradation)

first-person singular possessor singular plural nominative haggikseni haggikseni accusative nom. haggikseni haggikseni gen. haggikseni genitive haggikseni haggisteni haggiksieni partitive haggistani haggiksiani inessive haggiksessani haggiksissani elative haggiksestani haggiksistani illative haggikseeni haggiksiini adessive haggiksellani haggiksillani ablative haggikseltani haggiksiltani allative haggikselleni haggiksilleni essive haggiksenani haggiksinani translative haggiksekseni haggiksikseni abessive haggiksettani haggiksittani instructive — — comitative — haggiksineni second-person singular possessor singular plural nominative haggiksesi haggiksesi accusative nom. haggiksesi haggiksesi gen. haggiksesi genitive haggiksesi haggistesi haggiksiesi partitive haggistasi haggiksiasi inessive haggiksessasi haggiksissasi elative haggiksestasi haggiksistasi illative haggikseesi haggiksiisi adessive haggiksellasi haggiksillasi ablative haggikseltasi haggiksiltasi allative haggiksellesi haggiksillesi essive haggiksenasi haggiksinasi translative haggikseksesi haggiksiksesi abessive haggiksettasi haggiksittasi instructive — — comitative — haggiksinesi first-person plural possessor singular plural nominative haggiksemme haggiksemme accusative nom. haggiksemme haggiksemme gen. haggiksemme genitive haggiksemme haggistemme haggiksiemme partitive haggistamme haggiksiamme inessive haggiksessamme haggiksissamme elative haggiksestamme haggiksistamme illative haggikseemme haggiksiimme adessive haggiksellamme haggiksillamme ablative haggikseltamme haggiksiltamme allative haggiksellemme haggiksillemme essive haggiksenamme haggiksinamme translative haggikseksemme haggiksiksemme abessive haggiksettamme haggiksittamme instructive — — comitative — haggiksinemme second-person plural possessor singular plural nominative haggiksenne haggiksenne accusative nom. haggiksenne haggiksenne gen. haggiksenne genitive haggiksenne haggistenne haggiksienne partitive haggistanne haggiksianne inessive haggiksessanne haggiksissanne elative haggiksestanne haggiksistanne illative haggikseenne haggiksiinne adessive haggiksellanne haggiksillanne ablative haggikseltanne haggiksiltanne allative haggiksellenne haggiksillenne essive haggiksenanne haggiksinanne translative haggikseksenne haggiksiksenne abessive haggiksettanne haggiksittanne instructive — — comitative — haggiksinenne third-person possessor singular plural nominative haggiksensa haggiksensa accusative nom. haggiksensa haggiksensa gen. haggiksensa genitive haggiksensa haggistensa haggiksiensa partitive haggistaan haggistansa haggiksiaan haggiksiansa inessive haggiksessaan haggiksessansa haggiksissaan haggiksissansa elative haggiksestaan haggiksestansa haggiksistaan haggiksistansa illative haggikseensa haggiksiinsa adessive haggiksellaan haggiksellansa haggiksillaan haggiksillansa ablative haggikseltaan haggikseltansa haggiksiltaan haggiksiltansa allative haggikselleen haggiksellensa haggiksilleen haggiksillensa essive haggiksenaan haggiksenansa haggiksinaan haggiksinansa translative haggiksekseen haggikseksensa haggiksikseen haggiksiksensa abessive haggiksettaan haggiksettansa haggiksittaan haggiksittansa instructive — — comitative — haggiksineen haggiksinensa

French

Pronunciation

• ^{(aspirated h)} IPA^(key): /a.ɡis/

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

haggis m (plural haggis)

1. haggis

Polish

Etymology

Borrowed from English haggis.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈxaɡ.ɡis/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -aɡɡis
• Syllabification: hag‧gis

Noun

haggis m inan

1. haggis

Declension

Declension of haggis

	singular	plural
nominative	haggis	haggisy
genitive	haggisu	haggisów
dative	haggisowi	haggisom
accusative	haggis	haggisy
instrumental	haggisem	haggisami
locative	haggisie	haggisach
vocative	haggisie	haggisy

Further reading

• haggis in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Portuguese

Noun

haggis m (uncountable)

1. haggis (Scottish dish made of minced offal and oatmeal)