Tone L
|
Infinitive
|
ukugaxa
|
|
Positive
|
Negative
|
Infinitive
|
ukugaxa
|
ukungagaxi
|
|
Imperative
|
|
Simple
|
object concord
|
Singular
|
gaxa
|
-gaxe
|
Plural
|
gaxani
|
-gaxeni
|
|
Present
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngiyagaxa, ngigaxa
|
engigaxayo, engigaxa
|
ngigaxa
|
angigaxi
|
engingagaxi
|
ngingagaxi
|
2nd singular
|
uyagaxa, ugaxa
|
ogaxayo, ogaxa
|
ugaxa
|
awugaxi
|
ongagaxi
|
ungagaxi
|
1st plural
|
siyagaxa, sigaxa
|
esigaxayo, esigaxa
|
sigaxa
|
asigaxi
|
esingagaxi
|
singagaxi
|
2nd plural
|
niyagaxa, nigaxa
|
enigaxayo, enigaxa
|
nigaxa
|
anigaxi
|
eningagaxi
|
ningagaxi
|
Class 1
|
uyagaxa, ugaxa
|
ogaxayo, ogaxa
|
egaxa
|
akagaxi
|
ongagaxi
|
engagaxi
|
Class 2
|
bayagaxa, bagaxa
|
abagaxayo, abagaxa
|
begaxa
|
abagaxi
|
abangagaxi
|
bengagaxi
|
Class 3
|
uyagaxa, ugaxa
|
ogaxayo, ogaxa
|
ugaxa
|
awugaxi
|
ongagaxi
|
ungagaxi
|
Class 4
|
iyagaxa, igaxa
|
egaxayo, egaxa
|
igaxa
|
ayigaxi
|
engagaxi
|
ingagaxi
|
Class 5
|
liyagaxa, ligaxa
|
eligaxayo, eligaxa
|
ligaxa
|
aligaxi
|
elingagaxi
|
lingagaxi
|
Class 6
|
ayagaxa, agaxa
|
agaxayo, agaxa
|
egaxa
|
awagaxi
|
angagaxi
|
engagaxi
|
Class 7
|
siyagaxa, sigaxa
|
esigaxayo, esigaxa
|
sigaxa
|
asigaxi
|
esingagaxi
|
singagaxi
|
Class 8
|
ziyagaxa, zigaxa
|
ezigaxayo, ezigaxa
|
zigaxa
|
azigaxi
|
ezingagaxi
|
zingagaxi
|
Class 9
|
iyagaxa, igaxa
|
egaxayo, egaxa
|
igaxa
|
ayigaxi
|
engagaxi
|
ingagaxi
|
Class 10
|
ziyagaxa, zigaxa
|
ezigaxayo, ezigaxa
|
zigaxa
|
azigaxi
|
ezingagaxi
|
zingagaxi
|
Class 11
|
luyagaxa, lugaxa
|
olugaxayo, olugaxa
|
lugaxa
|
alugaxi
|
olungagaxi
|
lungagaxi
|
Class 14
|
buyagaxa, bugaxa
|
obugaxayo, obugaxa
|
bugaxa
|
abugaxi
|
obungagaxi
|
bungagaxi
|
Class 15
|
kuyagaxa, kugaxa
|
okugaxayo, okugaxa
|
kugaxa
|
akugaxi
|
okungagaxi
|
kungagaxi
|
Class 17
|
kuyagaxa, kugaxa
|
okugaxayo, okugaxa
|
kugaxa
|
akugaxi
|
okungagaxi
|
kungagaxi
|
|
Recent past
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngigaxile, ngigaxē
|
engigaxile, engigaxē
|
ngigaxile, ngigaxē
|
angigaxanga
|
engingagaxanga
|
ngingagaxanga
|
2nd singular
|
ugaxile, ugaxē
|
ogaxile, ogaxē
|
ugaxile, ugaxē
|
awugaxanga
|
ongagaxanga
|
ungagaxanga
|
1st plural
|
sigaxile, sigaxē
|
esigaxile, esigaxē
|
sigaxile, sigaxē
|
asigaxanga
|
esingagaxanga
|
singagaxanga
|
2nd plural
|
nigaxile, nigaxē
|
enigaxile, enigaxē
|
nigaxile, nigaxē
|
anigaxanga
|
eningagaxanga
|
ningagaxanga
|
Class 1
|
ugaxile, ugaxē
|
ogaxile, ogaxē
|
egaxile, egaxē
|
akagaxanga
|
ongagaxanga
|
engagaxanga
|
Class 2
|
bagaxile, bagaxē
|
abagaxile, abagaxē
|
begaxile, begaxē
|
abagaxanga
|
abangagaxanga
|
bengagaxanga
|
Class 3
|
ugaxile, ugaxē
|
ogaxile, ogaxē
|
ugaxile, ugaxē
|
awugaxanga
|
ongagaxanga
|
ungagaxanga
|
Class 4
|
igaxile, igaxē
|
egaxile, egaxē
|
igaxile, igaxē
|
ayigaxanga
|
engagaxanga
|
ingagaxanga
|
Class 5
|
ligaxile, ligaxē
|
eligaxile, eligaxē
|
ligaxile, ligaxē
|
aligaxanga
|
elingagaxanga
|
lingagaxanga
|
Class 6
|
agaxile, agaxē
|
agaxile, agaxē
|
egaxile, egaxē
|
awagaxanga
|
angagaxanga
|
engagaxanga
|
Class 7
|
sigaxile, sigaxē
|
esigaxile, esigaxē
|
sigaxile, sigaxē
|
asigaxanga
|
esingagaxanga
|
singagaxanga
|
Class 8
|
zigaxile, zigaxē
|
ezigaxile, ezigaxē
|
zigaxile, zigaxē
|
azigaxanga
|
ezingagaxanga
|
zingagaxanga
|
Class 9
|
igaxile, igaxē
|
egaxile, egaxē
|
igaxile, igaxē
|
ayigaxanga
|
engagaxanga
|
ingagaxanga
|
Class 10
|
zigaxile, zigaxē
|
ezigaxile, ezigaxē
|
zigaxile, zigaxē
|
azigaxanga
|
ezingagaxanga
|
zingagaxanga
|
Class 11
|
lugaxile, lugaxē
|
olugaxile, olugaxē
|
lugaxile, lugaxē
|
alugaxanga
|
olungagaxanga
|
lungagaxanga
|
Class 14
|
bugaxile, bugaxē
|
obugaxile, obugaxē
|
bugaxile, bugaxē
|
abugaxanga
|
obungagaxanga
|
bungagaxanga
|
Class 15
|
kugaxile, kugaxē
|
okugaxile, okugaxē
|
kugaxile, kugaxē
|
akugaxanga
|
okungagaxanga
|
kungagaxanga
|
Class 17
|
kugaxile, kugaxē
|
okugaxile, okugaxē
|
kugaxile, kugaxē
|
akugaxanga
|
okungagaxanga
|
kungagaxanga
|
|
Remote past
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngāgaxa
|
engāgaxa
|
ngāgaxa
|
angigaxanga
|
engingagaxanga
|
ngingagaxanga
|
2nd singular
|
wāgaxa
|
owāgaxa
|
wāgaxa
|
awugaxanga
|
ongagaxanga
|
ungagaxanga
|
1st plural
|
sāgaxa
|
esāgaxa
|
sāgaxa
|
asigaxanga
|
esingagaxanga
|
singagaxanga
|
2nd plural
|
nāgaxa
|
enāgaxa
|
nāgaxa
|
anigaxanga
|
eningagaxanga
|
ningagaxanga
|
Class 1
|
wāgaxa
|
owāgaxa
|
āgaxa
|
akagaxanga
|
ongagaxanga
|
engagaxanga
|
Class 2
|
bāgaxa
|
abāgaxa
|
bāgaxa
|
abagaxanga
|
abangagaxanga
|
bengagaxanga
|
Class 3
|
wāgaxa
|
owāgaxa
|
wāgaxa
|
awugaxanga
|
ongagaxanga
|
ungagaxanga
|
Class 4
|
yāgaxa
|
eyāgaxa
|
yāgaxa
|
ayigaxanga
|
engagaxanga
|
ingagaxanga
|
Class 5
|
lāgaxa
|
elāgaxa
|
lāgaxa
|
aligaxanga
|
elingagaxanga
|
lingagaxanga
|
Class 6
|
āgaxa
|
āgaxa
|
āgaxa
|
awagaxanga
|
angagaxanga
|
engagaxanga
|
Class 7
|
sāgaxa
|
esāgaxa
|
sāgaxa
|
asigaxanga
|
esingagaxanga
|
singagaxanga
|
Class 8
|
zāgaxa
|
ezāgaxa
|
zāgaxa
|
azigaxanga
|
ezingagaxanga
|
zingagaxanga
|
Class 9
|
yāgaxa
|
eyāgaxa
|
yāgaxa
|
ayigaxanga
|
engagaxanga
|
ingagaxanga
|
Class 10
|
zāgaxa
|
ezāgaxa
|
zāgaxa
|
azigaxanga
|
ezingagaxanga
|
zingagaxanga
|
Class 11
|
lwāgaxa
|
olwāgaxa
|
lwāgaxa
|
alugaxanga
|
olungagaxanga
|
lungagaxanga
|
Class 14
|
bāgaxa
|
obāgaxa
|
bāgaxa
|
abugaxanga
|
obungagaxanga
|
bungagaxanga
|
Class 15
|
kwāgaxa
|
okwāgaxa
|
kwāgaxa
|
akugaxanga
|
okungagaxanga
|
kungagaxanga
|
Class 17
|
kwāgaxa
|
okwāgaxa
|
kwāgaxa
|
akugaxanga
|
okungagaxanga
|
kungagaxanga
|
|
Potential
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngingagaxa
|
—
|
ngingagaxa
|
ngingegaxe
|
—
|
ngingegaxe
|
2nd singular
|
ungagaxa
|
—
|
ungagaxa
|
ungegaxe
|
—
|
ungegaxe
|
1st plural
|
singagaxa
|
—
|
singagaxa
|
singegaxe
|
—
|
singegaxe
|
2nd plural
|
ningagaxa
|
—
|
ningagaxa
|
ningegaxe
|
—
|
ningegaxe
|
Class 1
|
angagaxa
|
—
|
engagaxa
|
angegaxe
|
—
|
engegaxe
|
Class 2
|
bangagaxa
|
—
|
bengagaxa
|
bangegaxe
|
—
|
bengegaxe
|
Class 3
|
ungagaxa
|
—
|
ungagaxa
|
ungegaxe
|
—
|
ungegaxe
|
Class 4
|
ingagaxa
|
—
|
ingagaxa
|
ingegaxe
|
—
|
ingegaxe
|
Class 5
|
lingagaxa
|
—
|
lingagaxa
|
lingegaxe
|
—
|
lingegaxe
|
Class 6
|
angagaxa
|
—
|
engagaxa
|
angegaxe
|
—
|
engegaxe
|
Class 7
|
singagaxa
|
—
|
singagaxa
|
singegaxe
|
—
|
singegaxe
|
Class 8
|
zingagaxa
|
—
|
zingagaxa
|
zingegaxe
|
—
|
zingegaxe
|
Class 9
|
ingagaxa
|
—
|
ingagaxa
|
ingegaxe
|
—
|
ingegaxe
|
Class 10
|
zingagaxa
|
—
|
zingagaxa
|
zingegaxe
|
—
|
zingegaxe
|
Class 11
|
lungagaxa
|
—
|
lungagaxa
|
lungegaxe
|
—
|
lungegaxe
|
Class 14
|
bungagaxa
|
—
|
bungagaxa
|
bungegaxe
|
—
|
bungegaxe
|
Class 15
|
kungagaxa
|
—
|
kungagaxa
|
kungegaxe
|
—
|
kungegaxe
|
Class 17
|
kungagaxa
|
—
|
kungagaxa
|
kungegaxe
|
—
|
kungegaxe
|
|
Immediate future
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngizogaxa
|
engizogaxa
|
ngizogaxa
|
angizugaxa
|
engingezugaxa
|
ngingezugaxa
|
2nd singular
|
uzogaxa
|
ozogaxa
|
uzogaxa
|
awuzugaxa
|
ongezugaxa
|
ungezugaxa
|
1st plural
|
sizogaxa
|
esizogaxa
|
sizogaxa
|
asizugaxa
|
esingezugaxa
|
singezugaxa
|
2nd plural
|
nizogaxa
|
enizogaxa
|
nizogaxa
|
anizugaxa
|
eningezugaxa
|
ningezugaxa
|
Class 1
|
uzogaxa
|
ozogaxa
|
ezogaxa
|
akazugaxa
|
ongezugaxa
|
engezugaxa
|
Class 2
|
bazogaxa
|
abazogaxa
|
bezogaxa
|
abazugaxa
|
abangezugaxa
|
bengezugaxa
|
Class 3
|
uzogaxa
|
ozogaxa
|
uzogaxa
|
awuzugaxa
|
ongezugaxa
|
ungezugaxa
|
Class 4
|
izogaxa
|
ezogaxa
|
izogaxa
|
ayizugaxa
|
engezugaxa
|
ingezugaxa
|
Class 5
|
lizogaxa
|
elizogaxa
|
lizogaxa
|
alizugaxa
|
elingezugaxa
|
lingezugaxa
|
Class 6
|
azogaxa
|
azogaxa
|
ezogaxa
|
awazugaxa
|
angezugaxa
|
engezugaxa
|
Class 7
|
sizogaxa
|
esizogaxa
|
sizogaxa
|
asizugaxa
|
esingezugaxa
|
singezugaxa
|
Class 8
|
zizogaxa
|
ezizogaxa
|
zizogaxa
|
azizugaxa
|
ezingezugaxa
|
zingezugaxa
|
Class 9
|
izogaxa
|
ezogaxa
|
izogaxa
|
ayizugaxa
|
engezugaxa
|
ingezugaxa
|
Class 10
|
zizogaxa
|
ezizogaxa
|
zizogaxa
|
azizugaxa
|
ezingezugaxa
|
zingezugaxa
|
Class 11
|
luzogaxa
|
oluzogaxa
|
luzogaxa
|
aluzugaxa
|
olungezugaxa
|
lungezugaxa
|
Class 14
|
buzogaxa
|
obuzogaxa
|
buzogaxa
|
abuzugaxa
|
obungezugaxa
|
bungezugaxa
|
Class 15
|
kuzogaxa
|
okuzogaxa
|
kuzogaxa
|
akuzugaxa
|
okungezugaxa
|
kungezugaxa
|
Class 17
|
kuzogaxa
|
okuzogaxa
|
kuzogaxa
|
akuzugaxa
|
okungezugaxa
|
kungezugaxa
|
|
Remote future
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngiyogaxa
|
engiyogaxa
|
ngiyogaxa
|
angiyugaxa
|
engingeyugaxa
|
ngingeyugaxa
|
2nd singular
|
uyogaxa
|
oyogaxa
|
uyogaxa
|
awuyugaxa
|
ongeyugaxa
|
ungeyugaxa
|
1st plural
|
siyogaxa
|
esiyogaxa
|
siyogaxa
|
asiyugaxa
|
esingeyugaxa
|
singeyugaxa
|
2nd plural
|
niyogaxa
|
eniyogaxa
|
niyogaxa
|
aniyugaxa
|
eningeyugaxa
|
ningeyugaxa
|
Class 1
|
uyogaxa
|
oyogaxa
|
eyogaxa
|
akayugaxa
|
ongeyugaxa
|
engeyugaxa
|
Class 2
|
bayogaxa
|
abayogaxa
|
beyogaxa
|
abayugaxa
|
abangeyugaxa
|
bengeyugaxa
|
Class 3
|
uyogaxa
|
oyogaxa
|
uyogaxa
|
awuyugaxa
|
ongeyugaxa
|
ungeyugaxa
|
Class 4
|
iyogaxa
|
eyogaxa
|
iyogaxa
|
ayiyugaxa
|
engeyugaxa
|
ingeyugaxa
|
Class 5
|
liyogaxa
|
eliyogaxa
|
liyogaxa
|
aliyugaxa
|
elingeyugaxa
|
lingeyugaxa
|
Class 6
|
ayogaxa
|
ayogaxa
|
eyogaxa
|
awayugaxa
|
angeyugaxa
|
engeyugaxa
|
Class 7
|
siyogaxa
|
esiyogaxa
|
siyogaxa
|
asiyugaxa
|
esingeyugaxa
|
singeyugaxa
|
Class 8
|
ziyogaxa
|
eziyogaxa
|
ziyogaxa
|
aziyugaxa
|
ezingeyugaxa
|
zingeyugaxa
|
Class 9
|
iyogaxa
|
eyogaxa
|
iyogaxa
|
ayiyugaxa
|
engeyugaxa
|
ingeyugaxa
|
Class 10
|
ziyogaxa
|
eziyogaxa
|
ziyogaxa
|
aziyugaxa
|
ezingeyugaxa
|
zingeyugaxa
|
Class 11
|
luyogaxa
|
oluyogaxa
|
luyogaxa
|
aluyugaxa
|
olungeyugaxa
|
lungeyugaxa
|
Class 14
|
buyogaxa
|
obuyogaxa
|
buyogaxa
|
abuyugaxa
|
obungeyugaxa
|
bungeyugaxa
|
Class 15
|
kuyogaxa
|
okuyogaxa
|
kuyogaxa
|
akuyugaxa
|
okungeyugaxa
|
kungeyugaxa
|
Class 17
|
kuyogaxa
|
okuyogaxa
|
kuyogaxa
|
akuyugaxa
|
okungeyugaxa
|
kungeyugaxa
|
|
Present subjunctive
|
|
Positive
|
Negative
|
1st singular
|
ngigaxe
|
ngingagaxi
|
2nd singular
|
ugaxe
|
ungagaxi
|
1st plural
|
sigaxe
|
singagaxi
|
2nd plural
|
nigaxe
|
ningagaxi
|
Class 1
|
agaxe
|
angagaxi
|
Class 2
|
bagaxe
|
bangagaxi
|
Class 3
|
ugaxe
|
ungagaxi
|
Class 4
|
igaxe
|
ingagaxi
|
Class 5
|
ligaxe
|
lingagaxi
|
Class 6
|
agaxe
|
angagaxi
|
Class 7
|
sigaxe
|
singagaxi
|
Class 8
|
zigaxe
|
zingagaxi
|
Class 9
|
igaxe
|
ingagaxi
|
Class 10
|
zigaxe
|
zingagaxi
|
Class 11
|
lugaxe
|
lungagaxi
|
Class 14
|
bugaxe
|
bungagaxi
|
Class 15
|
kugaxe
|
kungagaxi
|
Class 17
|
kugaxe
|
kungagaxi
|
|
Past subjunctive
|
|
Positive
|
Negative
|
1st singular
|
ngagaxa
|
ngangagaxa, angagaxa, angangagaxa
|
2nd singular
|
wagaxa
|
wangagaxa, awagaxa, awangagaxa
|
1st plural
|
sagaxa
|
sangagaxa, asagaxa, asangagaxa
|
2nd plural
|
nagaxa
|
nangagaxa, anagaxa, anangagaxa
|
Class 1
|
wagaxa
|
wangagaxa, akagaxa, akangagaxa
|
Class 2
|
bagaxa
|
bangagaxa, abagaxa, abangagaxa
|
Class 3
|
wagaxa
|
wangagaxa, awagaxa, awangagaxa
|
Class 4
|
yagaxa
|
yangagaxa, ayagaxa, ayangagaxa
|
Class 5
|
lagaxa
|
langagaxa, alagaxa, alangagaxa
|
Class 6
|
agaxa
|
angagaxa, awagaxa, awangagaxa
|
Class 7
|
sagaxa
|
sangagaxa, asagaxa, asangagaxa
|
Class 8
|
zagaxa
|
zangagaxa, azagaxa, azangagaxa
|
Class 9
|
yagaxa
|
yangagaxa, ayagaxa, ayangagaxa
|
Class 10
|
zagaxa
|
zangagaxa, azagaxa, azangagaxa
|
Class 11
|
lwagaxa
|
lwangagaxa, alwagaxa, alwangagaxa
|
Class 14
|
bagaxa
|
bangagaxa, abagaxa, abangagaxa
|
Class 15
|
kwagaxa
|
kwangagaxa, akwagaxa, akwangagaxa
|
Class 17
|
kwagaxa
|
kwangagaxa, akwagaxa, akwangagaxa
|