gauti
See also: Gauti
Lithuanian
editEtymology
editOf uncertain origin. Traditionally derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic *gáuˀtei, *gū́ˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷew(H)- (“to gain”). Cognate with Latvian gaut, gūt (“to catch, gain”), Old Prussian pogaūt (“to receive”), and (per Trubačev) Proto-Slavic *gyti, *guviti (“to acquire”).[1] Outside of Balto-Slavic, likely related to Avestan 𐬔𐬏𐬥𐬀𐬊𐬌𐬙𐬌 (gūnaoiti, “to supply”), 𐬔𐬏𐬥𐬀𐬊𐬙𐬌 (gūnaoti, “to increase”).[2] Derksen instead prefers a derivation from Proto-Indo-European *gʷeh₃- (“to feed, tend”) and compares Ancient Greek βόσκω (bóskō, “id”).[3]
Tentatively further compared with Proto-Celtic *boudi (“booty, loot”), of disputed origin.
Pronunciation
editVerb
editgáuti (third-person present tense gáuna, third-person past tense gãvo)[4][5]
- (transitive) to get, to obtain, to gain ( accusative)
- (transitive) to derive
Conjugation
editConjugation of gauti
| singular (vienaskaita) |
plural (daugiskaita) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person (pirmasis asmuo) |
2nd person (antrasis asmuo) |
3rd person (trečiasis asmuo) |
1st person (pirmasis asmuo) |
2nd person (antrasis asmuo) |
3rd person (trečiasis asmuo) | |||
| aš | tu | jis/ji | mes | jūs | jie/jos | |||
| indicative (tiesioginė nuosaka) |
present (esamasis laikas) |
gáunu | gáuni | gáuna | gáuname, gáunam |
gáunate, gáunat |
gáuna | |
| past (būtasis kartinis laikas) |
gavaũ | gavaĩ | gãvo | gãvome, gãvom |
gãvote, gãvot |
gãvo | ||
| past frequentative (būtasis dažninis laikas) |
gáudavau | gáudavai | gáudavo | gáudavome, gáudavom |
gáudavote, gáudavot |
gáudavo | ||
| future (būsimasis laikas) |
gáusiu | gáusi | gáus | gáusime, gáusim |
gáusite, gáusit |
gáus | ||
| subjunctive (tariamoji nuosaka) |
gáučiau | gáutum | gáutų | gáutumėme, gáutumėm, gáutume |
gáutumėte, gáutumėt |
gáutų | ||
| imperative (liepiamoji nuosaka) |
— | gáuk, gáuki |
tegáuna | gáukime, gáukim |
gáukite, gáukit |
tegáuna | ||
Participles of gauti
| Adjectival (dalyviai) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| active | passive | ||
| present | gáunąs, gáunantis | gáunamas | |
| past | gãvęs | gáutas | |
| past frequentative | gáudavęs | — | |
| future | gáusiąs, gáusiantis | gáusimas | |
| participle of necessity | — | gáutinas | |
| Adverbial | |||
| special (pusdalyvis) | gáudamas | ||
| half-participle (padalyviai) |
present | gáunant | |
| past | gãvus | ||
| past frequentative | gáudavus | ||
| future | gáusiant | ||
| manner of action (būdinys) | gáute, gáutinai | ||
Derived terms
editRelated terms
editReferences
edit- ^ Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1980), “*guviti”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 7 (*golvačь – *gyžati), Moscow: Nauka, page 180
- ^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “gou̯ǝ-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 403-404
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2015) “gauti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 166
- ^ “gauti”, in Lietuvių kalbos etimologinio žodyno duomenų bazė [Lithuanian etymological dictionary database], 2007–2012
- ^ “gauti”, in Lietuvių kalbos žodynas [Dictionary of the Lithuanian language], lkz.lt, 1941–2024