garder
Danish
editEtymology
editFrom garde, from French garde (“guard”).
Noun
editgarder c (singular definite garderen, plural indefinite gardere)
- guardsman (member of a guard)
Inflection
editSynonyms
editNoun
editgarder c
Franco-Provençal
editVerb
editgarder (Neuchâtelois)
References
edit- Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “*wardôn”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volumes 17: Germanismes: S–Z, page 510
French
editEtymology
editInherited from Middle French garder, from Old French guarder, from Early Medieval Latin wardāre. Cognate to English ward.
Pronunciation
editVerb
editgarder
- (transitive) to keep; to retain; to store; to save
- garder les yeux ouverts ― to keep eyes open
- Elle a le droit de garder secrètes la plupart de ses caractéristiques.
- She has the right to keep most of her characteristics secret.
- (transitive) to guard
- Ils gardent le bâtiment. ― They guard the building.
- (takes a reflexive pronoun) to be careful (de faire not to do)
- il se garde de dire n’importe quoi. ― He is careful not to say anything.
Conjugation
editinfinitive | simple | garder | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
compound | avoir past participle | ||||||
present participle or gerund1 | simple | gardant /ɡaʁ.dɑ̃/ | |||||
compound | ayant past participle | ||||||
past participle | gardé /ɡaʁ.de/ | ||||||
singular | plural | ||||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | garde /ɡaʁd/ |
gardes /ɡaʁd/ |
garde /ɡaʁd/ |
gardons /ɡaʁ.dɔ̃/ |
gardez /ɡaʁ.de/ |
gardent /ɡaʁd/ |
imperfect | gardais /ɡaʁ.dɛ/ |
gardais /ɡaʁ.dɛ/ |
gardait /ɡaʁ.dɛ/ |
gardions /ɡaʁ.djɔ̃/ |
gardiez /ɡaʁ.dje/ |
gardaient /ɡaʁ.dɛ/ | |
past historic2 | gardai /ɡaʁ.de/ |
gardas /ɡaʁ.da/ |
garda /ɡaʁ.da/ |
gardâmes /ɡaʁ.dam/ |
gardâtes /ɡaʁ.dat/ |
gardèrent /ɡaʁ.dɛʁ/ | |
future | garderai /ɡaʁ.də.ʁe/ |
garderas /ɡaʁ.də.ʁa/ |
gardera /ɡaʁ.də.ʁa/ |
garderons /ɡaʁ.də.ʁɔ̃/ |
garderez /ɡaʁ.də.ʁe/ |
garderont /ɡaʁ.də.ʁɔ̃/ | |
conditional | garderais /ɡaʁ.də.ʁɛ/ |
garderais /ɡaʁ.də.ʁɛ/ |
garderait /ɡaʁ.də.ʁɛ/ |
garderions /ɡaʁ.də.ʁjɔ̃/ |
garderiez /ɡaʁ.də.ʁje/ |
garderaient /ɡaʁ.də.ʁɛ/ | |
(compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir past participle | ||||||
past anterior2 | past historic of avoir past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future of avoir past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional of avoir past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | garde /ɡaʁd/ |
gardes /ɡaʁd/ |
garde /ɡaʁd/ |
gardions /ɡaʁ.djɔ̃/ |
gardiez /ɡaʁ.dje/ |
gardent /ɡaʁd/ |
imperfect2 | gardasse /ɡaʁ.das/ |
gardasses /ɡaʁ.das/ |
gardât /ɡaʁ.da/ |
gardassions /ɡaʁ.da.sjɔ̃/ |
gardassiez /ɡaʁ.da.sje/ |
gardassent /ɡaʁ.das/ | |
(compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir past participle | |||||
pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | – | – | ||||
simple | — | garde /ɡaʁd/ |
— | gardons /ɡaʁ.dɔ̃/ |
gardez /ɡaʁ.de/ |
— | |
compound | — | simple imperative of avoir past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir past participle | simple imperative of avoir past participle | — | |
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). |
Derived terms
edit- avoir gardé les cochons ensemble
- chacun son métier, les vaches seront bien gardées
- chasse gardée
- garde à vous
- garde-robe
- garder à l’esprit
- garder la boutique
- garder la tête froide
- garder la tête haute
- garder les pieds sur terre
- garder pour soi
- garder son calme
- garder son sang-froid
- garder son sérieux
- garder une poire pour la soif
- je te garde un p’tit de ma chienne
- raison garder
- toutes proportions gardées
Related terms
editFurther reading
edit- “garder”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Anagrams
editMiddle French
editAlternative forms
editEtymology
editInherited from Old French guarder.
Verb
editgarder
- to protect, guard
Conjugation
edit- Middle French conjugation varies from one text to another. Hence, the following conjugation should be considered as typical, not as exhaustive.
infinitive | simple | garder | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
compound | avoir past participle | ||||||
present participle1 or gerund2 | simple | gardant | |||||
compound | present participle or gerund of avoir past participle | ||||||
past participle | gardé | ||||||
singular | plural | ||||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | ie (i’) | tu | il, elle | nous | vous | ilz, elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | garde | gardes | garde | gardons | gardez | gardent |
imperfect | gardois, gardoys | gardois, gardoys | gardoit, gardoyt | gardions, gardyons | gardiez, gardyez | gardoient, gardoyent | |
past historic | garda | gardas | garda | gardasmes | gardastes | garderent | |
future | garderai, garderay | garderas | gardera | garderons | garderez | garderont | |
conditional | garderois, garderoys | garderois, garderoys | garderoit, garderoyt | garderions, garderyons | garderiez, garderyez | garderoient, garderoyent | |
(compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir past participle | ||||||
past anterior | past historic of avoir past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future of avoir past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional of avoir past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que ie (i’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ilz, qu’elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | garde | gardes | garde | gardons | gardez | gardent |
imperfect | gardasse | gardasses | gardast | gardassions | gardassiez | gardassent | |
(compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect subjunctive of avoir past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | – | – | ||||
simple | — | garde | — | gardons | gardez | — | |
compound | — | simple imperative of avoir past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir past participle | simple imperative of avoir past participle | — | |
1 The present participle was variable in gender and number until the 17th century (Anne Sancier-Château [1995], Une esthétique nouvelle: Honoré d'Urfé, correcteur de l'Astrée, p. 179). The French Academy would eventually declare it not to be declined in 1679. | |||||||
2 The gerund was held to be invariable by grammarians of the early 17th century, and was usable with preposition en, as in Modern French, although the preposition was not mandatory (Anne Sancier-Château [1995], op. cit., p. 180). |
Descendants
edit- French: garder
Norman
editAlternative forms
editEtymology
editInherited from Old French guarder, form Early Medieval Latin wardāre.
Pronunciation
editVerb
editgarder (gerund gardéthie)
- (Jersey, transitive) to keep
- (Jersey, transitive) to babysit
Derived terms
edit- garder les livres (“to keep accounts”)
Norwegian Bokmål
editNoun
editgarder m
- indefinite plural of gard
Old French
editVerb
editgarder
- Alternative form of guarder
Conjugation
editThis verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -er. The forms that would normally end in *-d, *-ds, *-dt are modified to t, z, t. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.
simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | garder | avoir gardé | |||||
gerund | en gardant | gerund of avoir past participle | |||||
present participle | gardant | ||||||
past participle | gardé | ||||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | jo | tu | il | nos | vos | il | |
simple tenses |
present | gart | gardes | garde | gardons | gardez | gardent |
imperfect | gardoie, gardeie, gardoe, gardeve | gardoies, gardeies, gardoes, gardeves | gardoit, gardeit, gardot, gardeve | gardiiens, gardiens | gardiiez, gardiez | gardoient, gardeient, gardoent, gardevent | |
preterite | gardai | gardas | garda | gardames | gardastes | garderent | |
future | garderai | garderas | gardera | garderons | garderoiz, gardereiz, garderez | garderont | |
conditional | garderoie, gardereie | garderoies, gardereies | garderoit, gardereit | garderiiens, garderiens | garderiiez, garderiez | garderoient, gardereient | |
compound tenses |
present perfect | present tense of avoir past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect tense of avoir past participle | ||||||
past anterior | preterite tense of avoir past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future tense of avoir past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional tense of avoir past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que jo | que tu | qu’il | que nos | que vos | qu’il | |
simple tenses |
present | gart | garz | gart | gardons | gardez | gardent |
imperfect | gardasse | gardasses | gardast | gardissons, gardissiens | gardissoiz, gardissez, gardissiez | gardassent | |
compound tenses |
past | present subjunctive of avoir past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect subjunctive of avoir past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | tu | – | nos | vos | – | |
— | garde | — | gardons | gardez | — |
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- Neuchâtelois
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