exonerar

Catalan

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin exonerāre.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central) [əɡ.zu.nəˈɾa]
• IPA^(key): (Balearic) [əɡ.zo.nəˈɾa]
• IPA^(key): (Valencia) [eɡ.zo.neˈɾaɾ]
• Rhymes: -a(ɾ)
• Hyphenation: e‧xo‧ne‧rar
• Homophone: exonerà (except Valencian)

Verb

exonerar (first-person singular present exonero, first-person singular preterite exonerí, past participle exonerat); root stress: (Central, Valencia, Balearic) /e/

1. (transitive) to exonerate
2. (transitive) to exempt

   Synonyms: eximir, exemptar

Conjugation

    Conjugation of exonerar (first conjugation)

infinitive			exonerar
gerund			exonerant
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		exonerat		exonerada
		plural		exonerats		exonerades
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		jo	tu	ell/ella vostè	nosaltres nós	vosaltres vós	ells/elles vostès
	present	exonero	exoneres	exonera	exonerem	exonereu	exoneren
	imperfect	exonerava	exoneraves	exonerava	exoneràvem	exoneràveu	exoneraven
	future	exoneraré	exoneraràs	exonerarà	exonerarem	exonerareu	exoneraran
	preterite	exonerí	exonerares	exonerà	exoneràrem	exoneràreu	exoneraren
	conditional	exoneraria	exoneraries	exoneraria	exoneraríem	exoneraríeu	exonerarien
subjunctive		jo	tu	ell/ella vostè	nosaltres nós	vosaltres vós	ells/elles vostès
	present	exoneri	exoneris	exoneri	exonerem	exonereu	exonerin
	imperfect	exonerés	exoneressis	exonerés	exoneréssim	exoneréssiu	exoneressin
imperative		—	tu	vostè	nosaltres	vosaltres vós	vostès
	affirmative	—	exonera	exoneri	exonerem	exonereu	exonerin
	negative (no)	—	no exoneris	no exoneri	no exonerem	no exonereu	no exonerin

Related terms

• exoneració

Further reading

• “exonerar” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.

Galician

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɛksɔnɛˈɾaɾ/ [ɛk.s̺ɔ.nɛˈɾaɾ]
• Rhymes: -aɾ
• Hyphenation: e‧xo‧ne‧rar

Verb

exonerar (first-person singular present exonero, first-person singular preterite exonerei, past participle exonerado)

1. to exonerate

Conjugation

    Conjugation of exonerar

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (ti)	Third-person (el / ela / Vde.)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / Vdes.)
Infinitive
Impersonal	exonerar
Personal	exonerar	exonerares	exonerar	exonerarmos	exonerardes	exoneraren
Gerund
	exonerando
Past participle
Masculine	exonerado			exonerados
Feminine	exonerada			exoneradas
Indicative
Present	exonero	exoneras	exonera	exoneramos	exonerades	exoneran
Imperfect	exoneraba	exonerabas	exoneraba	exonerabamos	exonerabades	exoneraban
Preterite	exonerei	exoneraches	exonerou	exoneramos	exonerastes	exoneraron
Pluperfect	exonerara	exoneraras	exonerara	exoneraramos	exonerarades	exoneraran
Future	exonerarei	exonerarás	exonerará	exoneraremos	exoneraredes	exonerarán
Conditional	exoneraría	exonerarías	exoneraría	exonerariamos	exonerariades	exonerarían
Subjunctive
Present	exonere	exoneres	exonere	exoneremos	exoneredes	exoneren
Imperfect	exonerase	exonerases	exonerase	exonerásemos	exonerásedes	exonerasen
Future	exonerar	exonerares	exonerar	exonerarmos	exonerardes	exoneraren
Imperative
Affirmative		exonera	exonere	exoneremos	exonerade	exoneren
Negative (non)		non exoneres	non exonere	non exoneremos	non exoneredes	non exoneren

    Reintegrated conjugation of exonerar (See Appendix:Reintegrationism)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (ti / tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	exonerar
Personal	exonerar	exonerares	exonerar	exonerarmos	exonerardes	exonerarem
Gerund
	exonerando
Past participle
Masculine	exonerado			exonerados
Feminine	exonerada			exoneradas
Indicative
Present	exonero	exoneras	exonera	exoneramos	exonerades, exonerais	exoneram
Imperfect	exonerava	exoneravas	exonerava	exonerávamos	exonerávades, exoneráveis, exonerávais1	exoneravam
Preterite	exonerei	exoneraste, exonerache1	exonerou	exoneramos	exonerastes	exonerárom, exoneraram
Pluperfect	exonerara	exoneraras	exonerara	exoneráramos	exonerárades, exoneráreis, exonerárais1	exoneraram
Future	exonerarei	exonerarás	exonerará	exoneraremos	exoneraredes, exonerareis	exonerarám, exonerarão
Conditional	exoneraria	exonerarias	exoneraria	exoneraríamos	exoneraríades, exoneraríeis, exoneraríais1	exonerariam
Subjunctive
Present	exonere	exoneres	exonere	exoneremos	exoneredes, exonereis	exonerem
Imperfect	exonerasse	exonerasses	exonerasse	exonerássemos	exonerássedes, exonerásseis	exonerassem
Future	exonerar	exonerares	exonerar	exonerarmos	exonerardes	exonerarem
Imperative
Affirmative		exonera	exonere	exoneremos	exonerade, exonerai	exonerem
Negative (nom)		nom exoneres	nom exonere	nom exoneremos	nom exoneredes, nom exonereis	nom exonerem

¹Less recommended.

Further reading

• “exonerar”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2024
• “exonerar” in Dicionário Estraviz de galego (2014).

Portuguese

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin exonerāre.

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /e.zo.neˈɾa(ʁ)/ [e.zo.neˈɾa(h)]

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /e.zo.neˈɾa(ʁ)/ [e.zo.neˈɾa(h)]
  • (São Paulo) IPA^(key): /e.zo.neˈɾa(ɾ)/
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /e.zo.neˈɾa(ʁ)/ [e.zo.neˈɾa(χ)]
  • (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /e.zo.neˈɾa(ɻ)/

 

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /i.zu.nɨˈɾaɾ/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /i.zu.nɨˈɾaɾ/
  • (Southern Portugal) IPA^(key): /i.zu.nɨˈɾa.ɾi/

Verb

exonerar (first-person singular present exonero, first-person singular preterite exonerei, past participle exonerado)

1. to exonerate
2. to discharge, to exempt (from an obligation)

   O advogado é exonerado da responsabilidade no caso

3. to dismiss, to remove from a position.

   O diretor foi exonerado do seu cargo

Conjugation

    Conjugation of exonerar (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	exonerar
Personal	exonerar	exonerares	exonerar	exonerarmos	exonerardes	exonerarem
Gerund
	exonerando
Past participle
Masculine	exonerado			exonerados
Feminine	exonerada			exoneradas
Indicative
Present	exonero	exoneras	exonera	exoneramos	exonerais	exoneram
Imperfect	exonerava	exoneravas	exonerava	exonerávamos	exoneráveis	exoneravam
Preterite	exonerei	exoneraste	exonerou	exoneramos1, exonerámos2	exonerastes	exoneraram
Pluperfect	exonerara	exoneraras	exonerara	exoneráramos	exoneráreis	exoneraram
Future	exonerarei	exonerarás	exonerará	exoneraremos	exonerareis	exonerarão
Conditional	exoneraria	exonerarias	exoneraria	exoneraríamos	exoneraríeis	exonerariam
Subjunctive
Present	exonere	exoneres	exonere	exoneremos	exonereis	exonerem
Imperfect	exonerasse	exonerasses	exonerasse	exonerássemos	exonerásseis	exonerassem
Future	exonerar	exonerares	exonerar	exonerarmos	exonerardes	exonerarem
Imperative
Affirmative		exonera	exonere	exoneremos	exonerai	exonerem
Negative (não)		não exoneres	não exonere	não exoneremos	não exonereis	não exonerem

¹Brazilian Portuguese.
²European Portuguese.

Spanish

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin exonerāre.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /eɡsoneˈɾaɾ/ [eɣ̞.so.neˈɾaɾ]
• Rhymes: -aɾ
• Syllabification: e‧xo‧ne‧rar

Verb

exonerar (first-person singular present exonero, first-person singular preterite exoneré, past participle exonerado)

1. (transitive) to exonerate

   Synonym: exculpar

Conjugation

    Conjugation of exonerar (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)

infinitive			exonerar
gerund			exonerando
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		exonerado		exonerada
		plural		exonerados		exoneradas
		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	exonero	exonerastú exonerásvos	exonera	exoneramos	exoneráis	exoneran
	imperfect	exoneraba	exonerabas	exoneraba	exonerábamos	exonerabais	exoneraban
	preterite	exoneré	exoneraste	exoneró	exoneramos	exonerasteis	exoneraron
	future	exoneraré	exonerarás	exonerará	exoneraremos	exoneraréis	exonerarán
	conditional	exoneraría	exonerarías	exoneraría	exoneraríamos	exoneraríais	exonerarían
subjunctive		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	exonere	exonerestú exonerésvos2	exonere	exoneremos	exoneréis	exoneren
	imperfect (ra)	exonerara	exoneraras	exonerara	exoneráramos	exonerarais	exoneraran
	imperfect (se)	exonerase	exonerases	exonerase	exonerásemos	exoneraseis	exonerasen
	future1	exonerare	exonerares	exonerare	exoneráremos	exonerareis	exoneraren
imperative		—	tú vos	usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ustedes
	affirmative		exoneratú exonerávos	exonere	exoneremos	exonerad	exoneren
	negative		no exoneres	no exonere	no exoneremos	no exoneréis	no exoneren

¹Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
²Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.

    Selected combined forms of exonerar

These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
with infinitive exonerar
	dative	exonerarme	exonerarte	exonerarle, exonerarse	exonerarnos	exoneraros	exonerarles, exonerarse
	accusative	exonerarme	exonerarte	exonerarlo, exonerarla, exonerarse	exonerarnos	exoneraros	exonerarlos, exonerarlas, exonerarse
with gerund exonerando
	dative	exonerándome	exonerándote	exonerándole, exonerándose	exonerándonos	exonerándoos	exonerándoles, exonerándose
	accusative	exonerándome	exonerándote	exonerándolo, exonerándola, exonerándose	exonerándonos	exonerándoos	exonerándolos, exonerándolas, exonerándose
with informal second-person singular tú imperative exonera
	dative	exonérame	exonérate	exonérale	exonéranos	not used	exonérales
	accusative	exonérame	exonérate	exonéralo, exonérala	exonéranos	not used	exonéralos, exonéralas
with informal second-person singular vos imperative exonerá
	dative	exonerame	exonerate	exonerale	exoneranos	not used	exonerales
	accusative	exonerame	exonerate	exoneralo, exonerala	exoneranos	not used	exoneralos, exoneralas
with formal second-person singular imperative exonere
	dative	exonéreme	not used	exonérele, exonérese	exonérenos	not used	exonéreles
	accusative	exonéreme	not used	exonérelo, exonérela, exonérese	exonérenos	not used	exonérelos, exonérelas
with first-person plural imperative exoneremos
	dative	not used	exonerémoste	exonerémosle	exonerémonos	exonerémoos	exonerémosles
	accusative	not used	exonerémoste	exonerémoslo, exonerémosla	exonerémonos	exonerémoos	exonerémoslos, exonerémoslas
with informal second-person plural imperative exonerad
	dative	exoneradme	not used	exoneradle	exoneradnos	exoneraos	exoneradles
	accusative	exoneradme	not used	exoneradlo, exoneradla	exoneradnos	exoneraos	exoneradlos, exoneradlas
with formal second-person plural imperative exoneren
	dative	exonérenme	not used	exonérenle	exonérennos	not used	exonérenles, exonérense
	accusative	exonérenme	not used	exonérenlo, exonérenla	exonérennos	not used	exonérenlos, exonérenlas, exonérense

Related terms

• exoneración

 

Further reading

• “exonerar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.7, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2023 November 28