drošs

See also: Droß, and dross

Latvian

FWOTD – 25 November 2012

Alternative forms

• (dialectal form) dross

Etymology

From Proto-Baltic *drans-, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰers-, *dʰres-, *dʰros- (“to dare, to be brave, to attack”), related to *der- (“to peel, to pluck, to slice”). An original u-stem *druosus gave rise to parallel forms drošs and (dialectal) dross. From the dialectal form were derived drosme (“courage”), drosmīgs (“courageous”). Cognates include Lithuanian drąsùs, Old Prussian dyrsos (“brave”) (nom. fem. pl. or nom. masc. sg.), dirstlan (“energetic, impressive”), Proto-Slavic *dьrzъ (Old Church Slavonic дръзъ (drŭzŭ), дрьзъ (drĭzŭ), Russian де́рзкий (dérzkij, “impertinent”), Czech drzý, Polish dziarski (“dashing, youthful, quick, fast”)), Sanskrit धृषु (dhṛṣú, “neat”), धृष्णु (dhṛṣṇú, “brave, strong”), Ancient Greek θρασύς (thrasús, “brave, reckless”) (< *dʰr̥s-), Latin infestus (“unsafe, hostile”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [dɾùoʃ]

Adjective

drošs (definite drošais, comparative drošāks, superlative visdrošākais, adverb droši)

1. brave, fearless, confident (not afraid, behaving freely, unconstrained)

   Aijai patīk droši, vīrišķīgi cilvēki ― Aija likes brave, masculine people (i.e., men)

   baloži kļuva tik droši, ka savam kopējam sēdēja uz pleciem ― the pigeons became so fearless that they sat on their fellows' shoulders

2. brave, free, confident (showing, expressing bravery, freedom from constraints, worries)

   droša izturēšanās ― confident demeanor

   drošs prāts ― brave, confident mind, spirit

   droša uzstāšanās ― confident speech

   droša atbilde ― confident answer

   runāt drošā balsī ― to speak in a confident, (care)free voice

   bet visvairāk viņu pārsteidza Edītes mierīgā izturēšanās, viņas drošais, atklātais skatiens ― but above all he was surprised by Edīte's calm demeanor, her confident, open look

3. confident, sure, certain

   sportists bija drošs par savu uzvaru ― the athlete was sure of his victory

   ja Edgars ir solījis, Aina var būt droša, viņš steidzas mājup ― if Edgars promised, (then) Aina can be sure (that) he is hurrying home

4. safe (not at risk, not exposed to danger, which protects, offers protection)

   drošs patvērums ― safe haven

   droša patvertne ― safe shelter

5. safe (not at risk, assured, guaranteed)

   drošs stāvoklis ― safe state, condition

   mani uzņēmumi visi ir labi nostādīti; peļņa pilnīgi droša! ― my businesses are all well structured; profits are fully safe (= guaranteed)

6. safe, reliable (which can be trusted)

   drošās rokās ― in safe hands

   viņam visdrošākais sargs un vislabākā pajumte ir mātes tuvums ― to him, the safest guard and the best shelter is (his) mother's proximity

7. safe, reliable (which raises no doubts, unquestionable)

   drošās ziņas ― reliable information, news

   droši dati ― reliable data

8. (of thoughts, beliefs) safe, strong, confident

   droša pārliecība par uzvaru ― confident belief in victory

   bet visas cerības, drošas un nedrošas, sašķīda vienā pašā acumirklī kā ziepju burbuļi ― but all hope, confident or not, came together in the same moment like soap bubbles

Declension

indefinite declension (nenoteiktā galotne) of drošs

	masculine (vīriešu dzimte)			feminine (sieviešu dzimte)
	singular (vienskaitlis)	plural (daudzskaitlis)		singular (vienskaitlis)	plural (daudzskaitlis)
nominative (nominatīvs)	drošs	droši		droša	drošas
accusative (akuzatīvs)	drošu	drošus		drošu	drošas
genitive (ģenitīvs)	droša	drošu		drošas	drošu
dative (datīvs)	drošam	drošiem		drošai	drošām
instrumental (instrumentālis)	drošu	drošiem		drošu	drošām
locative (lokatīvs)	drošā	drošos		drošā	drošās
vocative (vokatīvs)	—	—		—	—

Synonyms

• (of "courageous"): drosmīgs

Antonyms

• (antonym(s) of “of "courageous"”): bailīgs, bikls, kautrīgs

Derived terms

• droši vien
• drošība
• drošināt
• drosme, drosmīgs
• drošums