bod
Translingual
editSymbol
editbod
English
editEtymology
editClipping of body. The "person" sense may alternatively derive from Scottish Gaelic bodach (“old man”) via Scots.[1]
Pronunciation
edit- (General American) IPA(key): /bɑd/
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /bɒd/
Audio (General Australian): (file) - Rhymes: -ɒd
Noun
editbod (plural bods)
- (slang) The body.
- Fred likes to keep his bod in shape.
- 2008, BioWare, Mass Effect (Science Fiction), Redwood City: Electronic Arts, →ISBN, →OCLC, PC, scene: Chora's Den, Citadel:
- Harkin: Hey there, sweetheart. You looking for some fun? 'Cause I gotta say that soldier getup looks real good on that bod of yours.
- (slang) A person.
- 2005, Richard Templar, The Rules of Management, page 73:
- There were cameras covering car parks, offices, corridors and storage areas in the basement. Result. The security bods started watching as if their lives depended on it.
- 2021 December 29, Stephen Roberts, “Stories and Facts behind railway plaques: Reading (1840)”, in RAIL, number 947, page 56:
- People such as William James and the Stephensons (with whom he collaborated) may have been the movers and shakers of the early railways, but there was other, less exalted bods who constructed all the paraphernalia - including stations.
Derived terms
editSee also
editReferences
edit- ^ Chambers 21st Century Dictionary, "bod (noun)"
Anagrams
editCzech
editEtymology
editInherited from Old Czech bod, from Proto-Slavic *bodъ.
Pronunciation
editNoun
editbod m inan
- (geometry) point
- (temperature) point
- bod mrazu ― freezing point
- item (of an agenda)
- (sports) point, mark
- stab
- 1866, Josef Bojislav Pichl, transl., Don Quijote de la Mancha[1], Praha: I. L. Kober, translation of original by Miguel de Cervantes, page 34:
- Na moutě duchu! zvolal po těch slovích Sancho; ať nedím tři tisíce šlehů, ale ani tři si nedám, jako nedal bych si tři body dýkou.
- "By all that's good," exclaimed Sancho at this, "I'll just as soon give myself three stabs with a dagger as three, not to say three thousand, lashes.
Declension
editDerived terms
editRelated terms
editFurther reading
edit- “bod”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
- “bod”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
- “bod”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)
Anagrams
editDanish
editPronunciation
editEtymology 1
editFrom Old Danish bōð, from Old East Norse bóð, from Proto-Germanic *bōþō (“building, dwelling”), cognate with Old West Norse búð, English booth, German Bude.
Noun
editbod c (singular definite boden, plural indefinite boder)
Declension
editEtymology 2
editFrom Old Norse bót, from Proto-Germanic *bōtō (“improvement, atonement”), cognate with Swedish bot, English boot, German Buße, Dutch boete. Doublet of bøde.
Noun
editbod c (singular definite boden, not used in plural form)
Usage notes
editNow especially in the phrases gøre bod, råde bod.
Declension
editcommon gender |
Singular | |
---|---|---|
indefinite | definite | |
nominative | bod | boden |
genitive | bods | bodens |
Derived terms
edit- mandebod (“wergeld”)
Dutch
editEtymology
editFrom Middle Dutch bot, from Old Dutch *bot, from Proto-West Germanic *bod, from Proto-Germanic *budą.
Pronunciation
editNoun
editbod n (plural boden, diminutive bodje n)
Derived terms
editDescendants
edit- → Sranan Tongo: bot
Irish
editEtymology
editFrom Middle Irish bot (“tail; penis”), from Proto-Celtic *buzdos (“tail, penis”) (cf. Welsh both (“hub”), Breton bod (“bush, shrub”)), perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *gʷosdʰos (“piece of wood”). For the archaic sense, compare English dick (“mean person, jerk, etc.”).
Pronunciation
editNoun
editbod m (genitive singular boid, nominative plural boid)
Declension
editDerived terms
edit- bod an bhóthair (“vagrant, tramp”)
- bod ar dris (“stonechat”)
- bod bréige (“dildo”)
- bod donn, bod rua (“cod”)
- bod gadhair (“cuckoo-pint”)
- bod gaoithe (“kestrel”)
- bod gorm (“goldsinny”)
- bod mór (“ling”)
- bod na dtor (“blackcap; vagrant, tramp”)
- bodach (“lusty, virile”, adjective)
- bodán (“cat's-tail grass”)
- bodchú (“mongrel hound”)
- bodmhadra (“mongrel dog”)
- bodúil (“coarse, rough; churlish, rude, surly”, adjective)
Mutation
editIrish mutation | ||
---|---|---|
Radical | Lenition | Eclipsis |
bod | bhod | mbod |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
Further reading
edit- Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “bod”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
- Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 bot”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
- Finck, F. N. (1899) Die araner mundart (in German), volume II, Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 47
Norwegian Nynorsk
editEtymology
editFrom Old West Norse boð, from Proto-Germanic *budą (“offer, message”), cognate with Icelandic boð, Dutch bod, German Gebot.
Pronunciation
editNoun
editbod n (definite singular bodet, indefinite plural bod, definite plural boda)
- message
- Synonym: melding
- Eg kjem med bod.
- I come with a message.
- offer
- (in compounds) messenger, delivery man
- Postbod ― Mailman
Derived terms
editSee also
editReferences
edit- “bod” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Old English
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-West Germanic *bod. Cognate with Old Norse boð.
Pronunciation
editNoun
editbod n (nominative plural bodu)
Declension
editDerived terms
editDescendants
editPolish
editEtymology
editBorrowed from French baud, named after French telegraph engineer and inventor Jean-Maurice-Émile Baudot.
Pronunciation
editNoun
editbod m inan
Declension
editFurther reading
edit- bod in Polish dictionaries at PWN
Scottish Gaelic
editEtymology
editFrom Middle Irish bot (“tail; penis”), from Proto-Celtic *buzdos (“tail, penis”), perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *gʷosdʰos (“piece of wood”).
Pronunciation
editNoun
editbod m (genitive singular boid, plural boid)
Mutation
editradical | lenition |
---|---|
bod | bhod |
Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Scottish Gaelic.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.
Further reading
edit- Edward Dwelly (1911) “bod”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan[2], 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN
- Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 bot”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
Serbo-Croatian
editEtymology 1
editInherited from Proto-Slavic *bodъ.
Pronunciation
editNoun
editbȏd m (Cyrillic spelling бо̑д)
Declension
editRelated terms
editEtymology 2
editPronunciation
editNoun
editbȏd m (Cyrillic spelling бо̑д)
Declension
editSwedish
editEtymology
editFrom Old Swedish boþ, from Old Norse bóð (Compare Old West Norse búð), from Proto-Germanic *bōþō (“dwelling”).
Pronunciation
editNoun
editbod c
Declension
editDerived terms
editSee also
editReferences
edit- bod in Svensk ordbok (SO)
- bod in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
- bod in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)
- bod in Elof Hellquist, Svensk etymologisk ordbok (1st ed., 1922)
Volapük
editEtymology
editBorrowed from German Brot, English bread and Dutch brood.
Noun
editbod (nominative plural bods)
Declension
editDerived terms
editWelsh
edit
Etymology
editFrom Middle Welsh bot, from Proto-Celtic *butā (cf. Cornish bos, Breton bout), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰuH- (“to be, become”); all the b- initial forms are from the same root. The vowel-initial forms as well as sy(dd) are from Proto-Indo-European *h₁es- (“to be”).
The present-progressive forms with yd- (ydwyf, etc.), and hence the colloquial present-affirmative forms with d- (dw, etc.), are from the affirmative particle yd.[1] Colloquial affirmative forms with r- (rwyt, roeddwn, etc.) are from the affirmative particle yr. Colloquial negative forms with d- (dydw, does, doeddwn, etc.) are from the negative particle nid.
The third-person singular present mae originally meant ‘here is’ and is from the same source as yma (“here”) plus Proto-Celtic *esti. The third-person plural maent (colloquial maen) is derived from the singular by adding the third-person plural verb ending -nt.
Counterfactual forms such as petaswn and taswn are from univerbation with pe (“if”) yd (affirmative particle).[2]
Pronunciation
editVerb
editbod (first-person singular present wyf)
- to be
- there be (there is, there are etc.)
- (auxiliary)
- Used with yn to form various tenses with progressive or stative meaning
- Used with wedi to form various tenses with perfect meaning
- that... is, that... are, etc. (personal forms: (fy) mod i, (dy) fod di, (ei) fod e/o, (ei) bod hi, (ein) bod ni, (eich) bod chi, (eu) bod nhw)
- Dw i’n meddwl (ei) bod hi’n ddoniol. ― I think that she’s funny.
- Mae hi’n meddwl (fy) mod i’n dod. ― She thinks that I’m coming.
- Roedd Eleri yn dweud (dy) fod di’n sâl. ― Eleri was saying you were ill.
Usage notes
edit- Bod is the primary auxiliary verb in Welsh, used to form a great number of periphrastic tenses; see Appendix:Welsh conjugation.
- The two conditional tense stems bydd- and bas- can be opted between freely, although bas- is more common when used alongside a counterfactual in (pe) tas-.
- The preterite is relatively rare and mostly interchangeable with the imperfect.
- In the tenses given here, all forms of bod must be linked to a noun, adjective or verb with yn, wedi, or some other similar particle.
- The existential sense ("there is") uses the distinct interrogative form oes and negative does, however the affirmative mae is the same as the main verb, as are all non-present tenses.
- Bod introduces a subordinate clause only when the corresponding main clause would begin with a form of bod (the verb "to be") in the present or imperfect tense (including perfect and pluperfect clauses with wedi).
- Nouns are preceded with bod, or fod if the preceding verb is conjugated.
Conjugation
edit
Colloquial forms | singular | plural | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
present | affirmative | dw i, dwi, rw i, rwy, w i | rwyt ti | mae e/o/hi, ma' fe; ydy, yw; sy |
dyn ni, dan ni, ŷn ni | dach chi, ych chi, dych chi | maen nhw |
negative | dydw i ddim, dw i ddim, w i ddim, sa i | dwyt ti ddim, ti ddim, so ti | dydy e/o/hi ddim, tydy o/hi ddim, dyw e/hi ddim, so fe/hi; does dim; sy ddim |
dyn ni ddim, dydyn ni ddim, dan ni ddim, dydan ni ddim, ŷn ni ddim, so ni | dydych chi ddim, dach chi ddim, dydach chi ddim, ych chi ddim, chi ddim, so chi | dydyn nhw ddim, ŷn nhw ddim, so nhw | |
interrogative | ydw i | wyt ti | ydy e/o/hi, yw e/hi; oes; sy |
ydan ni, ŷn ni | ydych chi, dach chi, ydach chi, ych chi | ydyn nhw, ŷn nhw | |
imperfect | affirmative | roeddwn i, o’n i | roeddet ti, o’t ti | roedd e/o/hi, oedd e/o/hi, o’dd e/o/hi | roedden ni, o’n ni | roeddech chi, o’ch chi | roedden nhw, o’n nhw |
negative | doeddwn i ddim, o’n i ddim, do’n i ddim | doeddet ti ddim, o’t ti ddim, do’t ti ddim | doedd e/o/hi ddim, oedd e/o/hi ddim, o’dd e/o/hi ddim, do’dd e/o/hi ddim | doedden ni ddim, o’n ni ddim, do’n ni ddim | doeddech chi ddim, o’ch chi ddim, do’ch chi ddim | doedden nhw ddim, o’n nhw ddim, do’n nhw ddim | |
interrogative | oeddwn i, o’n i | oeddet ti, o’t ti | oedd e/o/hi, oedd e/o/hi, o’dd e/o/hi | oedden ni, o’n ni | oeddech chi, o’ch chi | oedden nhw, o’n nhw | |
preterite | bues i | buest ti | buodd e/o/hi; bu |
buon ni | buoch chi | buon nhw | |
future | bydda i, ’dda i | byddi di | bydd e/o/hi | byddwn ni | byddwch chi | byddan nhw | |
conditional | byddwn i; baswn i, swn i |
byddet ti; baset ti, set ti |
byddai fe/fo/hi; basai fe/fo/hi, sa fo/hi, se fe/hi |
bydden ni; basen ni, sen ni |
byddech chi; basech chi, sech chi |
bydden nhw; basen nhw, sen nhw | |
counterfactual cond. forms used after optional pe |
taswn i, bawn i, tawn i | taset ti, baet ti, taet ti | tasai fe/fo/hi, bai fe/fo/hi, tai fe/fo/hi | tasen ni, baen ni, taen ni | tasech chi, baech chi, taech chi | tasen nhw, baen nhw, taen nhw | |
imperative | — | bydd, bydda | — | — | byddwch | — |
Derived terms
editMutation
editradical | soft | nasal | aspirate |
---|---|---|---|
bod | fod | mod | unchanged |
Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.
References
edit- ^ Morris Jones, John (1913) A Welsh Grammar, Historical and Comparative, Oxford: Clarendon Press, § 219 ii 1
- ^ R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “petawn”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
Further reading
edit- R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “bod”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
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