aspal

Indonesian

Pronunciation

• (Standard Indonesian) IPA^(key): /ˈaspal/ [ˈas.pal]
• Rhymes: -aspal
• Syllabification: as‧pal

Etymology 1

From Dutch asfalt (“asphalt”). Doublet of asfal.

Noun

aspal (first-person possessive aspalku, second-person possessive aspalmu, third-person possessive aspalnya)

1. asphalt

Alternative forms

• asfalt (Standard Malay)

Derived terms

• beraspal
• mengaspal
• pengaspalan
• teraspal

 

Etymology 2

Blend of asli ‎ palsu, from phrase asli tapi palsu (“fake for real”, literally “real but fake”).

Noun

aspal (first-person possessive aspalku, second-person possessive aspalmu, third-person possessive aspalnya)

1. imitation thing that looks exactly like the real thing.

Further reading

• “aspal” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

Irish

Alternative forms

• abstal, apstal, aspol, axal, easpal

Etymology

From Old Irish apstal, from Latin apostolus, from Ancient Greek ἀπόστολος (apóstolos, “one sent forth, apostle”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈasˠpˠəl̪ˠ/, /ˈasˠpˠəlˠ/
• (Aran) IPA^(key): /ˈɑpˠsˠt̪ˠəl/ (reflecting the alternative forms abstal, apstal)

Noun

aspal m (genitive singular aspail, nominative plural aspail)

1. apostle

Declension

Declension of aspal (first declension)

bare forms case singular plural nominative aspal aspail vocative a aspail a aspala genitive aspail aspal dative aspal aspail forms with the definite article case singular plural nominative an t-aspal na haspail genitive an aspail na n-aspal dative leis an aspal don aspal leis na haspail

Derived terms

• aspalach (“apostolic, apostolical”, adjective)
• aspalacht f (“apostleship; apostolate”)
• aspalda (“apostolic, apostolical”, adjective)
• Cré na nAspal (“the Apostles’ Creed”)
• Gníomhartha na nAspal (“Acts of the Apostles”)
• liachtain aspal f (“epistle reading”)
• spúnóg aspail f (“apostle spoon”)

 

Mutation

Mutated forms of aspal

radical	eclipsis	with h-prothesis	with t-prothesis
aspal	n-aspal	haspal	t-aspal

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

• Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “aspal”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
• Dinneen, Patrick S. (1904) “apstal”, in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla, 1st edition, Dublin: Irish Texts Society, page 36
• de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1959) “aspal”, in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm
• “aspal”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013-2024