arrugar

Catalan

Etymology

From earlier rugar, from Latin rūgō.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic) [ə.ruˈɣa]
• IPA^(key): (Valencia) [a.ruˈɣaɾ]
• Rhymes: -a(ɾ)

Verb

arrugar (first-person singular present arrugo, first-person singular preterite arruguí, past participle arrugat)

1. (transitive) to wrinkle, crease
2. (pronominal, intransitive) to wrinkle, to get creased

Conjugation

    Conjugation of arrugar (first conjugation, g-gu alternation)

infinitive			arrugar
gerund			arrugant
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		arrugat		arrugada
		plural		arrugats		arrugades
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		jo	tu	ell/ella vostè	nosaltres nós	vosaltres vós	ells/elles vostès
	present	arrugo	arrugues	arruga	arruguem	arrugueu	arruguen
	imperfect	arrugava	arrugaves	arrugava	arrugàvem	arrugàveu	arrugaven
	future	arrugaré	arrugaràs	arrugarà	arrugarem	arrugareu	arrugaran
	preterite	arruguí	arrugares	arrugà	arrugàrem	arrugàreu	arrugaren
	conditional	arrugaria	arrugaries	arrugaria	arrugaríem	arrugaríeu	arrugarien
subjunctive		jo	tu	ell/ella vostè	nosaltres nós	vosaltres vós	ells/elles vostès
	present	arrugui	arruguis	arrugui	arruguem	arrugueu	arruguin
	imperfect	arrugués	arruguessis	arrugués	arruguéssim	arruguéssiu	arruguessin
imperative		—	tu	vostè	nosaltres	vosaltres vós	vostès
	affirmative	—	arruga	arrugui	arruguem	arrugueu	arruguin
	negative (no)	—	no arruguis	no arrugui	no arruguem	no arrugueu	no arruguin

Derived terms

• arrugament
• arrugat
• desarrugar

Related terms

• arruga
• corrugar

Further reading

• “arrugar” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
• “arrugar”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2024
• “arrugar” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
• “arrugar” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

Spanish

Etymology

Inherited from Latin irrūgāre (“to wrinkle, to make wrinkled”), from rūga (“wrinkle”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /aruˈɡaɾ/ [a.ruˈɣ̞aɾ]
• Rhymes: -aɾ
• Syllabification: a‧rru‧gar

Verb

arrugar (first-person singular present arrugo, first-person singular preterite arrugué, past participle arrugado)

1. (transitive) to crease, to crumple
2. (transitive) to wrinkle
3. (reflexive) to chicken out, back down, lose one's nerve

Conjugation

    Conjugation of arrugar (g-gu alternation) (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)

infinitive			arrugar
gerund			arrugando
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		arrugado		arrugada
		plural		arrugados		arrugadas
		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	arrugo	arrugastú arrugásvos	arruga	arrugamos	arrugáis	arrugan
	imperfect	arrugaba	arrugabas	arrugaba	arrugábamos	arrugabais	arrugaban
	preterite	arrugué	arrugaste	arrugó	arrugamos	arrugasteis	arrugaron
	future	arrugaré	arrugarás	arrugará	arrugaremos	arrugaréis	arrugarán
	conditional	arrugaría	arrugarías	arrugaría	arrugaríamos	arrugaríais	arrugarían
subjunctive		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	arrugue	arruguestú arruguésvos2	arrugue	arruguemos	arruguéis	arruguen
	imperfect (ra)	arrugara	arrugaras	arrugara	arrugáramos	arrugarais	arrugaran
	imperfect (se)	arrugase	arrugases	arrugase	arrugásemos	arrugaseis	arrugasen
	future1	arrugare	arrugares	arrugare	arrugáremos	arrugareis	arrugaren
imperative		—	tú vos	usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ustedes
	affirmative		arrugatú arrugávos	arrugue	arruguemos	arrugad	arruguen
	negative		no arrugues	no arrugue	no arruguemos	no arruguéis	no arruguen

¹Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
²Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.

    Selected combined forms of arrugar (g-gu alternation)

These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
with infinitive arrugar
	dative	arrugarme	arrugarte	arrugarle, arrugarse	arrugarnos	arrugaros	arrugarles, arrugarse
	accusative	arrugarme	arrugarte	arrugarlo, arrugarla, arrugarse	arrugarnos	arrugaros	arrugarlos, arrugarlas, arrugarse
with gerund arrugando
	dative	arrugándome	arrugándote	arrugándole, arrugándose	arrugándonos	arrugándoos	arrugándoles, arrugándose
	accusative	arrugándome	arrugándote	arrugándolo, arrugándola, arrugándose	arrugándonos	arrugándoos	arrugándolos, arrugándolas, arrugándose
with informal second-person singular tú imperative arruga
	dative	arrúgame	arrúgate	arrúgale	arrúganos	not used	arrúgales
	accusative	arrúgame	arrúgate	arrúgalo, arrúgala	arrúganos	not used	arrúgalos, arrúgalas
with informal second-person singular vos imperative arrugá
	dative	arrugame	arrugate	arrugale	arruganos	not used	arrugales
	accusative	arrugame	arrugate	arrugalo, arrugala	arruganos	not used	arrugalos, arrugalas
with formal second-person singular imperative arrugue
	dative	arrúgueme	not used	arrúguele, arrúguese	arrúguenos	not used	arrúgueles
	accusative	arrúgueme	not used	arrúguelo, arrúguela, arrúguese	arrúguenos	not used	arrúguelos, arrúguelas
with first-person plural imperative arruguemos
	dative	not used	arruguémoste	arruguémosle	arruguémonos	arruguémoos	arruguémosles
	accusative	not used	arruguémoste	arruguémoslo, arruguémosla	arruguémonos	arruguémoos	arruguémoslos, arruguémoslas
with informal second-person plural imperative arrugad
	dative	arrugadme	not used	arrugadle	arrugadnos	arrugaos	arrugadles
	accusative	arrugadme	not used	arrugadlo, arrugadla	arrugadnos	arrugaos	arrugadlos, arrugadlas
with formal second-person plural imperative arruguen
	dative	arrúguenme	not used	arrúguenle	arrúguennos	not used	arrúguenles, arrúguense
	accusative	arrúguenme	not used	arrúguenlo, arrúguenla	arrúguennos	not used	arrúguenlos, arrúguenlas, arrúguense

Derived terms

• arruga
• arrugado

 

Further reading

• “arrugar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española (in Spanish), online version 23.7, Royal Spanish Academy, 2023 November 28